Modern Periodic Table (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 17 Apr, 2026

The Modern Periodic Table is a systematic arrangement of elements based on their atomic number. It is based on the modern periodic law, which states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. This table was developed after the modification of earlier periodic tables to remove their limitations. The elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in rows called periods and columns called groups. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

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List of Periodic Table Elements

The elements listed are arranged according to the increasing order of atomic number.

Elements in Periodic Table with Atomic Mass
**Atomic Number **Chemical Element Name **Symbol **Atomic Mass (amu)
1 Hydrogen H 1.0079
2 Helium He 4.0026
3 Lithium Li 6.941
4 Beryllium Be 9.0122
5 Boron B 10.811
6 Carbon C 12.0107
7 Nitrogen N 14.0067
8 Oxygen O 15.9994
9 Fluorine F 18.9984
10 Neon Ne 20.1797
11 Sodium Na 22.9897
12 Magnesium Mg 24.305
13 Aluminum Al 26.9815
14 Silicon Si 28.0855
15 Phosphorus P 30.9738
16 Sulfur S 32.065
17 Chlorine Cl 35.453
18 Argon Ar 39.948
19 Potassium K 39.0983
20 Calcium Ca 40.078
21 Scandium Sc 44.9559
22 Titanium Ti 47.867
23 Vanadium V 50.9415
24 Chromium Cr 51.9961
25 Manganese Mn 54.938
26 Iron Fe 55.845
27 Cobalt Co 58.9332
28 Nickel Ni 58.6934
29 Copper Cu 63.546
30 Zinc Zn 65.39
31 Gallium Ga 69.723
32 Germanium Ge 72.64
33 Arsenic As 74.9216
34 Selenium Se 78.96
35 Bromine Br 79.904
36 Krypton Kr 83.798
37 Rubidium Rb 85.4678
38 Strontium Sr 87.62
39 Yttrium Y 88.906
40 Zirconium Zr 91.224
41 Niobium Nb 92.906
42 Molybdenum Mo 95.94
43 Technetium Tc 98
44 Ruthenium Ru 101.07
45 Rhodium Rh 102.91
46 Palladium Pd 106.42
47 Silver Ag 107.87
48 Cadmium Cd 112.411
49 Indium In 114.82
50 Tin Sn 118.71
51 Antimony Sb 121.76
52 Tellurium Te 127.6
53 Iodine I 126.9045
54 Xenon Xe 131.293
55 Cesium Cs 132.91
56 Barium Ba 137.327
57 Lanthanum La 138.91
58 Cerium Ce 140.12
59 Praseodymium Pr 140.9077
60 Neodymium Nd 144.24
61 Promethium Pm 145
62 Samarium Sm 150.36
63 Europium Eu 151.964
64 Gadolinium Gd 157.25
65 Terbium Tb 158.9253
66 Dysprosium Dy 162.5
67 Holmium Ho 164.9303
68 Erbium Er 167.259
69 Thulium Tm 168.9342
70 Ytterbium Yb 173.04
71 Lutetium Lu 174.967
72 Hafnium Hf 178.49
73 Tantalum Ta 180.9479
74 Tungsten W 183.84
75 Rhenium Re 186.207
76 Osmium Os 190.23
77 Iridium Ir 192.22
78 Platinum Pt 195.08
79 Gold Au 196.97
80 Mercury Hg 200.59
81 Thallium Tl 204.3833
82 Lead Pb 207.2
83 Bismuth Bi 208.9804
84 Polonium Po 209
85 Astatine At 210
86 Radon Rn 222
87 Francium Fr 223
88 Radium Ra 226
89 Actinium Ac 227
90 Thorium Th 232.0381
91 Protactinium Pa 231.0359
92 Uranium U 238.0289
93 Neptunium Np 237
94 Plutonium Pu 244
95 Americium Am 243
96 Curium Cm 247
97 Berkelium Bk 247
98 Californium Cf 251
99 Einsteinium Es 252
100 Fermium Fm 257
101 Mendelevium Md 258
102 Nobelium No 259
103 Lawrencium Lr 262
104 Rutherfordium Rf 267
105 Dubnium Db 268
106 Seaborgium Sg 269
107 Bohrium Bh 270
108 Hassium Hs 269
109 Meitnerium Mt 277
110 Darmstadtium Ds 281
111 Roentgenium Rg 282
112 Copernicium Cn 285
113 Nihonium Nh 286
114 Flerovium Fl 290
115 Moscovium Mc 290
116 Livermorium Lv 293
117 Tennessine Ts 294
118 Oganesson Og 294

Important Terms in Periodic Table

Terms Description
**Atomic Number The number of protons that constitutes an element's nucleus is called its Atomic Number (Z). e.g. Carbon contains 6 protons then, so its atomic number must be 6 only.
**Atomic Mass It is defined as the average mass of the atoms of an element. It is measured on the basis of the relative natural abundance of the isotopes of the element. Atomic mass is also termed Atomic Weight (A). It is measured in the atomic mass unit (amu).
**Period The horizontal rows from left to right in a periodic table are called Periods. There are a total of 7 periods in the periodic table. Elements in a period are arranged based on increasing atomic number. Properties change gradually, not similarly..
**Group The vertical columns from top to bottom in a periodic table are called Groups. There is a total of 18 groups in the periodic table. The elements are arranged vertically due to their similarities in properties, as they have the same number of valence electrons in them.
**Symbol of an Element A symbol is a notion that is used to represent a chemical element using a letter or a combination of letters. e.g. The chemical symbol of Carbon is C, while Fe is used for Iron and so on.

Classification of Elements in Periodic Table

The 118 elements are arranged in 7 periods and 18 groups as shown above. Further, the elements are divided into different blocks.

Block Elements Included Last Electron Subshell Filled
s-block Group 1 (Alkali Metals) s-subshell
Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
p-block Group 13 (Boron Family) p-subshell
Group 14 (Carbon Family)
Group 15 (Nitrogen Family)
Group 16 (Oxygen Family)
Group 17 (Halogen Family)
Group 18 (Noble Gas Family)
d-block Groups 3 to 12 (Transition Elements) d-subshell
f-block Lanthanides (Rare Earth Elements) f-subshell
Actinides

Mendeleev Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev proposed the periodic table in 1869 to arrange elements in a systematic way based on their properties. He arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass and grouped them according to similarities in their chemical properties.

In this table, elements were placed in rows called periods and columns called groups. Elements in the same group showed similar chemical behaviour.

Mendeleev Periodic Table of Elements