118 Elements and Their Symbols (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Everything in the universe is composed of basic elements, and at their smallest level, these elements are atoms. There are a total of 118 elements in the modern periodic table out of which 98 are found in nature rest are chemically synthesized in laboratories. An atom of any element is composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons and possesses a different property from the other.

This article is the tabulated view of atomic number (number of protons), atomic mass, and number of neutrons of all **118 elements along with their symbols.

Table of Content

118 Elements and their Symbols and Atomic Numbers

The Tabulated view of all 118 elements and their symbols along with their atomic number, element name, atomic mass, and number of protons and neutrons is described below:

Atomic Number Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass Number of Protons Number of Neutrons
1 H Hydrogen 1.008 1 0
2 He **Helium 4.0026 2 2
3 Li Lithium 6.94 3 4
4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 4 5
5 B Boron 10.81 5 6
6 C Carbon 12.011 6 6
7 N Nitrogen 14.007 7 7
8 O Oxygen 15.999 8 8
9 F Fluorine 18.998 9 10
10 Ne Neon 20.180 10 10
11 Na Sodium 22.990 11 12
12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 12 12
13 Al Aluminum 26.982 13 14
14 Si Silicon 28.095 14 14
15 P Phosphorus 30.974 15 16
16 S Sulphur 32.06 16 16
17 Cl Chlorine 35.45 17 18
18 Ar Argon 39.948 18 22
19 K Potassium 39.098 19 20
20 Ca Calcium 40.078 20 20
21 Sc Scandium 44.956 21 24
22 Ti Titanium 47.867 22 26
23 V Vanadium 50.942 23 28
24 Cr Chromium 51.996 24 28
25 Mn Manganese 54.938 25 30
26 Fe Iron 55.845 26 30
27 Co Cobalt 58.933 27 32
28 Ni Nickle 58.693 28 31
29 Cu Copper 63.546 29 35
30 Zn Zinc 65.38 30 35
31 Ga Gallium 69.723 31 39
32 Ge Germanium 72.630 32 41
33 As Arsenic 74.922 33 42
34 Se Selenium 78.971 34 45
35 Br Bromine 79.904 35 45
36 Kr Krypton 83.798 36 48
37 Rb Rubidium 85.468 37 48
38 Sr Strontium 87.62 38 50
39 Y Yttrium 88.906 39 50
40 Zr Zirconium 91.224 40 51
41 Nb Niobium 92.906 41 52
42 Mo Molybdenum 95.95 42 53
43 Tc Technetium 98 43 55
44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 44 57
45 Rh Rhodium 102.9055 45 58
46 Pd Palladium 106.42 46 60
47 Ag Silver 107.8682 47 61
48 Cd Cadmium 112.411 48 64
49 In Indium 114.818 49 66
50 Sn Tin 118.71 50 69
51 Sb Antimony 121.76 51 71
52 Te Tellurium 127.6 52 76
53 I Iodine 126.9045 53 74
54 Xe Xenon 131.293 54 77
55 Cs Cesium 132.9055 55 78
56 Ba Barium 137.327 56 81
57 La Lanthanum 138.9055 57 82
58 Ce Cerium 140.116 58 82
59 Pr Praseodymium 140.9077 59 82
60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 60 84
61 Pm Promethium 145 61 84
62 Sm Samarium 150.36 62 88
63 Eu Europium 151.964 63 89
64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 64 93
65 Tb Terbium 158.9253 65 94
66 Dy Dysprosium 162.5 66 97
67 Ho Holmium 164.9303 67 98
68 Er Erbium 167.259 68 99
69 Tm Thulium 168.9342 69 100
70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 70 103
71 Lu Lutetium 174.967 71 104
72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 72 106
73 Ta Tantalum 180.9479 73 108
74 W Tungsten 183.84 74 110
75 Re Rhenium 186.207 75 111
76 Os Osmium 190.23 76 114
77 Ir Iridium 196.9665 77 115
78 Pt Platinum 192.217 78 117
79 Au **Gold 195.078 79 118
80 Hg Mercury 200.59 80 121
81 Tl Thallium 204.3833 81 123
82 Pb Lead 207.2 82 125
83 Bi Bismuth 208.9804 83 126
84 Po Polonium 209 84 125
85 At Astatine 210 85 125
86 Rn Radon 222 86 136
87 Fr Francium 223 87 136
88 Ra Radium 226 88 138
89 Ac Actinium 227 89 138
90 Th Thorium 232.0381 90 142
91 P Protactinium 231.0359 91 140
92 U Uranium 238.0289 92 146
93 Np Neptunium 237 93 144
94 Pu Plutonium 244 94 150
95 Am Americium 243 95 148
96 Cm Curium 247 96 151
97 Bk Berkelium 247 97 150
98 Cf Californium 251 98 153
99 Es Einsteinium 252 99 153
100 Fm Fermium 257 100 157
101 Md Mendelevium 258 101 157
102 No Nobelium 259 102 157
103 Lr Lawrencium 262 103 159
104 Rf Rutherfordium 261 104 163
105 Db Dubnium 262 105 163
106 Sg Seaborgium 266 106 165
107 Bh Bohrium 264 107 163
108 Hs Hassium 277 108 169
109 Mt Meitnerium 268 109 167
110 Ds Darmstadtium 261.9 110 171
111 Rg Roentgenium 271.8 111 169
112 Cn Copernicium 285 112 173
113 Nh Nihonium 286 113 171
114 Fl Flerovium 289 114 175
115 Mc Moscovium 290.196 115 173
116 Lv Livermorium 293 116 177
117 Ts Tennessee 294 117 177
118 Og Oganesson 294 118 176

What is a Periodic Table?

Initially, the number of elements was small, and the knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of these elements was also limited, but in the early 19th century the discovery of new elements and growth in the knowledge of physical and chemical properties of elements had become hard for the scholars to remember the behavior and properties of all the elements.

Thus a need for a systematic arrangement of elements was there, where the elements are stacked based on their properties, physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, and chemical properties such as electronegativity, valence electron, etc and thereafter the periodic table was introduced.

A periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements in the increasing order of the atomic number which is the number of protons in their nucleus. The arrangement of the elements thus formed shows a recurring pattern in their properties known as "periodic laws".

**Read More, **Periodic Table

**118 Elements in Periodic Table

Following illustration represents all 118 elements in periodic table:

Periodic Table

118 Elements and Their Symbols in Periodic Table

Atomic Number

The nucleus of each element consists of a different number of protons and neutrons, the number of protons in each nucleus of each element is found to be unique, so it became the base for arranging the elements in increasing order of their nucleus protons. Number of protons in the nucleus also determines the electronegativity and other factors of the elements.

The number of protons in the nucleus of each element is unique and it is referred as Atomic Number. It is the fundamental property of any element and is denoted by the symbol "Z".

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic number, for example, H (Hydrogen) has atomic number 1, He (Helium) has atomic number 2, and so on.

Also Check, **Atomic Number.

Mass Number

The individual mass of an atom of an element is very minute and also difficult to measure. The mass of an electron is approximately 9.10938356 × 10-28 g, the mass of the proton is 1.6726219 × 10-24 g and the mass of neutron is 1.675 × 10-24 g. Since the mass of an atom is merely and remembering the exact mass was a tough job, so the mass number was introduced which is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

The Mass Number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. It is represented by the letter A. The mass number of an atom of an element gives an approximate measure of the total mass of the atom. It is expressed in atomic mass units (u) or unified atomic mass units (AMU).

Where 1 AMU = 1.67377 × 10 -24 g

Read More, **Mass Number.

Symbols Of Elements

Each element is assigned some unique symbol which is usually an English letter (or two). These symbols are used universally to represent and uniquely identify that particular element and are also used for scientific purposes to represents elements in a clean and concise manner. Thus we can say that,

**Symbols of element are shorthand to uniquely identify and represent that element.

The symbols of the elements are widely used to represent the elements in chemical formulas, equations, and other representations of chemical reactions.

How Symbols are Derived?

The symbols of elements are derived from the name of the element in English or another language eg. the symbol of Hydrogen is H, that comes from its name in English. **It is important to note that the symbol of an element is usually a capital letter and when it contains two letters, the second letter is smaller letter. However, in cases where the first two letters are already taken, or for historical reasons, the symbol may not directly correspond to the element's name (e.g., Fe for iron comes from its Latin word "ferrum").

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