NCERT Solutions for Class 12 (All Subjects PDF) (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 21 Aug, 2025

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 are based on the latest syllabus prescribed by the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) to help the student score well in their board examination. The solutions for Class 12 NCERT, are provided by experts to help students prepare for their Class 12 board exams for session 2024-25.

Students of intermediate CBSE can plan their studies and get their preparation done for the CBSE Board exam 2024-25 with the help of NCERT Solutions for Class 12, provided here. They can also go through the following link to access NCERT Solution in Hindi:

**NCERT Solutions for Class for Session **2024-25 in HINDI

NCERT-Solutions-CLASS-12

**NCERT Class 12 Solutions are solutions to the textbook provided by the **National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) for students of Class 12. These **NCERT Solutions are generally designed to give students an understanding of various topics in subjects such as **Maths, **English, **Physics, **Chemistry, **Biology, **Computer Science, **Economics, and so on. According to exam professionals, students getting ready for competitive exams such as NEET, BITSAT, JEE Mains, VITEEE, JEE Advanced, etc., are required to utilize **NCERT textbooks from Classes 11 and 12.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Subject-wise PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Subject-wise ListPDF download.

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths

Students can easily access and download these Class 12 NCERT Solutions. They're super handy as they clear up any confusion and help you understand the chapters better. It's important to really get into these solutions because they give you a deeper understanding of what's in your CBSE Class 12 textbooks. Here is the list of **NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapters-wise solved****.**

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Relations and Functions **Chapter 8: Applications of Integrals
**Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Function **Chapter 9: Differential Equations
**Chapter 3: Matrices **Chapter 10: Vector Algebra
**Chapter 4: Determinants **Chapter 11: Three-dimensional Geometry
**Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability **Chapter 12: Linear Programming
**Chapter 6: Application of Derivatives **Chapter 13: Probability
**Chapter 7: Integrals

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths in Hindi

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology:

Students can get**Class 12 Biology with NCERT Solutions, covering all the topics from sexual reproduction in plants to human health and disease. These solutions provide clear explanations and insights, ensuring a thorough understanding of each chapter for success in exams.

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants **Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
**Chapter 2: Human Reproduction **Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Processes
**Chapter 3: Reproductive Health **Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Application
**Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation **Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
**Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance **Chapter 12: Ecosystem
**Chapter 6: Evolution **Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation
**Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease

The NCERT Class 10 Biology textbook from academic year 2023-24 has removed certain chapters.

Reproduction in Organisms
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Environmental Issues

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology in Hindi

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Electric Charge and Fields **Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
**Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance **Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
**Chapter 3: Current Electricity **Chapter 10: Wave Optics
**Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism **Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
**Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter **Chapter 12: Atoms
**Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction **Chapter 13: Nuclei
**Chapter 7: Alternating Current **Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry:

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Solutions **Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
**Chapter 2: Electrochemistry **Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
**Chapter 3: Chemical Kinetics **Chapter 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
**Chapter 4: The d- and f-Block Elements **Chapter 9: Amines
**Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds **Chapter 10: Biomolecules

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English:

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English: Flamingo Prose

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Flamingo Prose Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: The Last Lesson
**Chapter 2: Lost Spring
**Chapter 3: Deep Water
**Chapter 4: The Rattrap
**Chapter 5: Indigo
**Chapter 6: Poets and Pancakes
**Chapter 7: The Interview
**Chapter 8: Going Places

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Flamingo Poem

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Flamingo Poem Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: My Mother at Sixty-Six **Chapter 4: A Thing of Beauty
**Chapter 2: An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum **Chapter 5: A Roadside Stand
**Chapter 3: Keeping Quiet **Chapter 6: Aunt Jennifer's Tigers

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Accountancy:

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Part 1 Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Accounting for Not-For-Profit Organisation
**Chapter 2: Accounting for Partnership Firm - Basic Concepts
**Chapter 3: Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm - Admission of a Partner
**Chapter 4: Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm - Retirement/Death of a Partner
**Chapter 5: Dissolution of Partnership Firm
**NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Part 2 Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Accounting for Share Capital **Chapter 4: Analysis of Financial Statements
**Chapter 2: Issue and Redemption of Debentures **Chapter 5: Accounting Ratios
**Chapter 3: Financial Statements of a Company **Chapter 6: Cash Flow Statement

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies:

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Business Studies: Business Studies Part 1
**Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management **Chapter 5: Organising
**Chapter 2: Principles of Management **Chapter 6: Staffing
**Chapter 3: Business Environment **Chapter 7: Directing
**Chapter 4: Planning **Chapter 8: Controlling
**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies: Business Studies Part 2
**Chapter 9: Financial Management
**Chapter 10: Marketing
**Chapter 11: Consumer Protection

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Computer Science:

**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Computer Science: C++ Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Object-Oriented Programming in C++
**Chapter 2: Data Structures
**Chapter 3: Database Management System and SQL
**Chapter 4: Boolean Algebra
**Chapter 5: Networking & Open Source Software
**NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Computer Science: Python Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Object-Oriented Programming with Python
**Chapter 2: Advance Programming with Python
**Chapter 3: Database Management System and SQL
**Chapter 4: Boolean Algebra
**Chapter 5: Networking & Open Source Software Communication Technologies

NCERT Solution for Class 12 Economics:

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Economics- Part A Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Introduction to Micro Economics **Chapter 4: The Theory of Firm under Perfect Competition
**Chapter 2: Theory of Consumer Behaviour **Chapter 5: Market Competition
**Chapter 3: Production and Costs **Chapter 6: Non-Competitive Markets
**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Economics- Part B Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Introduction to Macroeconomics **Chapter 4: Determination of Income and Employment
**Chapter 2: National Income Accounting **Chapter 5: Government Budget and Economy
**Chapter 3: Money and Banking **Chapter 6: Open Economy Macroeconomics

NCERT Solution for Class 12 Geography:

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Geography: Section A Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Nature and Scope **Chapter 6: Secondary Activities
**Chapter 2: The World Population **Chapter 7: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
**Chapter 3: Population Composition **Chapter 8: Transport and Communication
**Chapter 4: Human Development **Chapter 9: International Trade
**Chapter 5: Primary Activities **Chapter 10: Human Settlements
**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Geography: Section B Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 11: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition **Chapter 17: Mineral and Energy Resources
**Chapter 12: Migration: Types, Causes, and Consequences, **Chapter 18: Manufacturing Industries
**Chapter 13: Human Development **Chapter 19: Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
**Chapter 14: Human Settlements **Chapter 20: Transport and Communication
**Chapter 15: Land Resources and Agriculture **Chapter 21: International Trade
**Chapter 16: Water Resources **Chapter 22: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

NCERT Solution for Class 12 History:

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 History Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation **Chapter 9: Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts
**Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns Early States and Economies **Chapter 10: Colonialism and the Countryside: Exploring Official Archives
**Chapter 3: Kinship, Caste and Class Early Societies **Chapter 11: Rebels and the Raj The Revolt of 1857 and its Representations
**Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments **Chapter 12: Colonial Cities Urbanisation, Planning and Architecture
**Chapter 5: Through the Eyes of Travellers' Perceptions of Society **Chapter 13: Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond
**Chapter 6: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts **Chapter 14: Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences
**Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara **Chapter 15: Framing the Constitution The Beginning of a New Era
**Chapter 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State Agrarian Society and the Mughal EmpireTravellers'

NCERT Solution for Class 12 Informatics

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Informatics Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Querying and SQL Functions
**Chapter 2: Data Handling Using Pandas-I
**Chapter 3: Data Handling Using Pandas - II
**Chapter 4: Plotting Data Using Matplotlib
**Chapter 5: Internet and Web
**Chapter 6: Societal Impacts

NCERT Solution for Class 12 Political Science:

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Political Science: Part 1 Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: The Cold War Era **Chapter 6: International Organisations
**Chapter 2: The End of Bipolarity **Chapter 7: Security in the Contemporary World
**Chapter 3: US Hegemony in World Politics **Chapter 8: Environment and Natural Resources
**Chapter 4: Alternative Centres of Power **Chapter 9: Globalisation
**Chapter 5: Contemporary South Asia
**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Political Science: Part 2 Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Challenges of Nation Building **Chapter 6: The Crisis of Democratic Order
**Chapter 2: Era of One-Party Dominance **Chapter 7: Rise of Popular Movements
**Chapter 3: Politics of Planned Development **Chapter 8: Regional Aspirations
**Chapter 4: India’s External Relations **Chapter 9: Recent Developments in Indian Politics
**Chapter 5: Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System

NCERT Solution for Class 12 Psychology:

**NCERT Solution for Class 12 Psychology Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Intelligence And Aptitude **Chapter 6: Attitude And Social Cognition
**Chapter 2: Self And Personality **Chapter 7:Social Influence And Group Processes
**Chapter 3: Human Strengths And Meeting Life Challenges **Chapter 8: Psychology And Life
**Chapter 4: Psychological Disorders **Chapter 9: Developing Psychological Skills
**Chapter 5: Therapeutic Approaches And Counselling

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology:

**NCERT Solutions Class 12 Sociology: Indian Society Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Introducing Indian Society **Chapter 4:The Market as a Social Institution
**Chapter 2: The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society **Chapter 5: Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
**Chapter 3: Social Institutions: Continuity and Change **Chapter 6: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity
**NCERT Solutions Class 12 Sociology: Social Change and Development in India Chapters-wise List
**Chapter 1: Structural Change **Chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society
**Chapter 2: Cultural Change **Chapter 6: Globalisation and Social Change
**Chapter 3: The Story of Indian Democracy **Chapter 7: Mass Media and Communications
**Chapter 4: Change and Development in Rural Society **Chapter 8: Social Movements

Benefits of NCERT Solutions Class 12

Preparation Tips for Class 12 PCMB

In addition to quality resources like textbooks, workbooks, and solutions, students should adopt effective habits to enhance learning. Vital among these is **note-taking, aiding retention of lecture content and reinforcing understanding. Chunking information is another beneficial technique, aiding memorization—particularly useful for subjects like Chemistry and Biology. Developing an interest in even complex subjects is pivotal; enthusiasm maintains focus, expedites comprehension, and aids memory. Ultimately, cultivating these habits, coupled with appropriate resources, paves the way for exam success.

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Conclusion

**NCERT solutions are valuable resources for students of all classes. It helps them to get a better understanding of the logic used to solve a question with understanding of the subjects. NCERT solutions helps to build a strong foundation for further studies. The **NCERT Solutions for Class 12 also helps students to score well in board examinations by understanding the concepts.