The History Files (original) (raw)
Index
Kingdoms of the British Isles
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BRITISH ISLES:
Celts of Pre-Roman Britain
Celts of Cymru
Celts of Post-Roman Britain
Celts of Armorica
Later Welsh Principalities
Pictish & Gaelic Kingdoms
Kingdoms of Ireland & Man
Angle & Saxon Kingdoms
England & Great Britain
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British Isles
Kingdoms of Celtic Britain, the Celtic fringes, the Gaelic north & west, and the Angles, Saxons, Danes, & Normans
So rapid was the disintegration of Romanised British life under the pressure of Saxon and Angle invaders that evidence of the Romano-British states to the east of the Celtic strongholds of modern Wales and Cornwall is often fragmentary and inconclusive. Many of them lasted only a generation or two, and most had been overrun by the end of the seventh century AD. Where names of these states are unknown, the capital town is used to differentiate them.
The names of many British states have more than one accepted spelling. Between AD 400-600, the twin impacts of the mass migration of Britons both within Britain and over the Channel to Armorica, and the destructive influence of the Saxon and Angle migrations into the land had within that short time forced the breakdown of the Celtic language into various dialects of the Early Welsh language. Together with the lack of written records from this period, the task of recovering the names of many of the smaller British states is not an easy one.
There are also some differences in how personal names are spelt and pronounced. It depends on their source, be it Latin, Welsh, English, or Irish records (the Picts kept no records), and there can be noticeable differences. Most Gaelic names contain "mac", "mab" or "map", and Celtic names "ab" or "ap", and all mean "son of".
The Celtic tradition was to be able to recite one's lineage in an unbroken chain from father to son dating back as far as memory would allow, and probably back to a semi-legendary British figure (or very historic Roman figure in the post-Roman country). So a name will usually consist of the individual's own given name, followed by the local variant of "son of" and then the father's name. For daughters in Wales, the term "ferch" was used.
PREHISTORY & PRE-ROMAN CELTIC TRIBES
Prydein / Britain (High Kings of Britain)
Celtic Tribes on the Continent
RELATED LINKS:
The Island of Britain 55 BC-AD 43
Cadbury Castle
Dumnonia in Maps
Map of Europe's Tribes
EXTERNAL LINK:
Roman Britain
IN DEPTH:
Pre-Roman Tribes
View the changing native Briton tribal borders through a set of detailed maps.
IN DEPTH:
Roman Britain
View the Roman invasion and conquest in a series of detailed maps.
IN DEPTH:
RSS/Social Media
You can follow our RSS feed, or join us on social media for additional material.
SPONSORED:
POST-ROMAN CELTIC KINGDOMS
Roman Period:
Roman Britannia Superior & Britannia Inferior
British Church (Roman Catholic Church)
British Church (Celtic Church)
Celts of Cymru (Wales):
Guorthigirniaun / Gwrtheyrnion
RELATED LINKS:
Map of Britannia AD 400
The Island of Britain AD 450-600
Published using the British Map AD 450-600 from the History Files
Celts of Britain:
Bernaccia (Bryneich / Berneich)
Dunoting / Dunaut (North Pennines)
Corniu (West Wales / Cornwall)
The Island of Britain AD 450-500
Dumnonia in Maps
IN DEPTH:
IN DEPTH:
MAP:  A map of the probable borders of the kingdom of Elmet (click on image to read more on a separate page) |
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SPONSORED:
Kings of the Bretons (Vannetais / Brittany)
MAP:  A map of Briton-dominated Armorica when principalities ruled (click on image to read more on a separate page) |
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LATER WELSH PRINCIPALITIES
Powys South (Powys Cyfeiliog/Wenwynwyn)
[Princes of Wales](KingListsBritain/CymruPrinces.htm#Welsh Princes)
[English Princes of Wales](KingListsBritain/CymruPrinces.htm#English Princes)
PICTISH & GAELIC KINGDOMS
Kingdoms of Caledonia:
[United Pictland](KingListsBritain/GaelsPictland.htm#United Pictland)
Modern Scotland (Westminster Govt)
RELATED LINKS:
The Island of Britain AD 450-600
SPONSORED:
[Fir Bolg High Kings](KingListsBritain/GaelsIreland.htm#Fir Bolg)
[Tuatha Dé Danann High Kings](KingListsBritain/GaelsIreland.htm#Da Danann)
Gaelic / Iberian / Milesian High Kings
Viking Kingdom of Dublin / Dyflin
United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland
ANGLE & SAXON KINGDOMS
Pre & Post-Migration:
RELATED LINKS:
Map of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
IN DEPTH:
IN DEPTH:
SPONSORED:
SPONSORED:
Saxons & Jutes of Southern England:
East Seaxe (East Saxons / Essex)
Middel Seaxe (Middle Saxons / Middlesex)
Suth Seaxe (South Saxons / Sussex)
West Seaxe (West Saxons / Wessex)
Whitware (Victuarri / Isle of Wight)
Angles & Saxons of Central England:
Ciltern Saetan (Chiltern Settlers)
East Engle (East Angles / East Anglia)
Lindisware (Lindissi / Lindsey)
Magonset (Westerna / Herefordshire Saxons)
Angles North of the Humber:
Reeves of Bamburh / Bamburgh (Bernicia)
IN DEPTH:
VIKING KINGDOMS:
Viking Kingdom of Dublin / Dyflin
[Danish Kingdom of East Anglia](KingListsBritain/EnglandEastAnglia.htm#Danish Kingdom)
Scandinavian Kingdom of York / Jorvik
ENGLAND & GREAT BRITAIN
United Angles & Saxons:
[Lords of Mercia (879)](KingListsBritain/EnglandMercia.htm#Lords of Mercia)
[Kingdom United (under Wessex) (924)](KingListsBritain/EnglandWessex.htm#Kingdom United)
Earls of Northumberland (1041)
House of Plantagenet / Angevin
Protectorate / Commonwealth of Britain
SPECIAL INDEX:
SPECIAL INDEX:
Castles
A growing collection of photo focus pages featuring castles in the British Isles.
SPECIAL INDEX:
Churches of Britain
A rapidly growing index of churches of all denominations in the British Isles.
Subsidiary Offices & Titles:
Archbishops of Canterbury (Catholic Church)
Archbishops of Canterbury (Anglican Church)
Yorkist & Lancastrian Parliaments
[Stuart Parliament (Restored)](KingListsBritain/EnglandParliament.htm#Stuart %28Restored%29)
[First Lords of the Treasury (United Kingdom)](KingListsBritain/EnglandParliament.htm#First Lords)
Prime Ministers (United Kingdom)
[Marquesses of Milford Haven & Earls of Burma](KingListsEurope/GermanyHessenBattenberg.htm#Milford Haven)
SPECIAL INDEX:
Railway Walks
Walking former railway lines to explore and describe their remnants.
SPECIAL INDEX:
Scenes
Photo and video pages featuring scenes from around the British Isles.