The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary (original) (raw)

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary Pope Clement X (1670-1676) Consistory of February 22, 1672 (III)

(7) 1. BONZI, Pierre de (1631-1703)

Birth. April 15, 1631 (1), Florence. Of a French patrician family. Son of Francesco Bonzi, senator of Florence, and Cristina Riario. Grand-nephew of Cardinal Jean de Bonsi (1611). His first name is also listed as Piero; and his last name as Bonsi.

Education. Educated by his uncle Clément Bonzi, bishop of Béziers, who called him to France in 1648 and made him join the ecclesiastical state, not without resistance.

Sacred orders. Private agent of the clergy of Béziers in the Assembly of the Clergy of France, Paris. Residente of the Grand duke of Tuscany Ferdinand II in the French court. Received the subdiaconate (no date found). Abbot commendatario of Aniane from 1659; of Valmagne; of Mortemar; and of St. Sauveur, Lodève.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Béziers, June 7, 1660. Consecrated, December 12, 1660, Paris, church of Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, by François Bosquet, bishop of Montpellier, assisted by Michel Tuboeuf, bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières, and by Louis Foucquet, bishop of Agde. The fifth member of the family to become bishop of that see. French ambassador to Tuscany, 1661. French ambassador to Venice, 1662-1665, and 1665-1668. French ambassador to Poland, 1669. French ambassador to Spain, 1670 and almoner of Queen Marie-Thèrése, wife of King Louis XIV of France. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Toulouse, September 28, 1671.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1672. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Narbonne, March 12, 1674; as archbishop of this see he had great power over Languedoc, but he lost it due to intrigues related to his imprudent relationship with Mme. de Gange. Participated in the conclave of 1676, which elected Pope Innocent XI. Received the red hat and the title of S. Onofrio, October 19, 1676. Participated in the conclave of 1689, which elected Pope Alexander VIII. Participated in the conclave of 1691, which elected Pope Innocent XII. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, October 19, 1689. Opted for the title of S. Eusebio, November 28, 1689. Since 1693, approximately, he had lost most of his faculties and suffered from epilepsy. Did not participate in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI.

Death. July 11, 1703, at noon, of an apoplexy, in Montpellier. Buried in the chapel of Bethléhem, in the metropolitan cathedral of Narbonne. The news of his death reached Rome on August 27, 1703.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, VII, 211-213.

Webgraphy. His arms and biography, in English, Wikipedia; his engravings. portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana; his arms, portrait and biographical informatiom, in French, basilique-saint-nazaire.over-blog; Famiglia Bonsi, in Italian, Enciclopedia Italiana (1930), Treccani.

(1) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 557, and "Les cardinaux français", Annuaire Pontifical Catholique, 1905, p. 167. Zedler, Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste, indicates that he was born on April 4, 1630.

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(8) 2. ORSINI, O.P., Vincenzo Maria (1649-1730)

Birth. February 2, 1649, Gravina di Puglia, archdiocese of Bari. Of the noble Roman family of the archdukes of Orsini-Gravina. Eldest son of Ferdinando Orsini and Giovanna Frangipani of Tolpha. Received the name Pier Francesco at his baptism. He was 12th duke of Gravina, 3rd prince of Solofra, 2nd prince of Vallata, count of Muro Lucano and Neapolitan patrician from 1658 until 1667 when he resigned his titles to enter a religious order. Relative of Pope Clement X. Uncle of Cardinal Domenico Orsini d'Aragona (1743). The family gave the church another two popes and several cardinals: Celestine III (1191-1198); Nicholas III (1277-1280); Matteo Orsini (1262); Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P. (1278); Giordano Orsini (1278); Napoleone Orsini (1288); Francesco Napoleone Orsini (1295); Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (1316); Matteo Orsini, O.P. (1327); Rinaldo Orsini (1350); Giacomo Orsini (1371); Poncello Orsini (1378); Tommaso Orsini (1383?); Giordano Orsini, iuniore (1405); Latino Orsini (1448); Cosma Orsini, O.S.B. (1480); Giovanni Battista Orsini (1483); Franciotto Orsini (1517); Flavio Orsini (1565); Alessandro Orsini (1615); and Virginio Orsini, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1641).

Education. Entered the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), Venice, 1667; against the will of his parents, who in vain appealed to Pope Clement IX; professed, February 13, 1668; took the name Vincenzo Maria. Studied philosophy and theology in Naples, Bologna and Venice. Lector of philosophy in the Dominican convent of Brescia. Received the diaconate, February 22, 1671.

Priesthood. Ordained, February 24, 1671, by Cardinal Emilio Altieri, future Pope Clement X.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of February 22, 1672; received the red hat and the title of S. Sisto, May 16, 1672. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, January 4, 1673 until January 28, 1675. Given the choice between the sees of Salerno or Manfredonia (Siponto), he chose the latter for being the poorest and the one that would require more pastoral care.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Manfredonia, January 28, 1675. Consecrated, February 3, 1675, in the Church of Ss. Domenico e Sisto, Rome, by Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni, prefect of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide, assisted by Stefano Brancaccio, archbishop-bishop of Viterbo e Toscanella, and by Costanzo Zani, O.S.B., bishop of Imola. Participated in the conclave of 1676, which elected Pope Innocent XI. Transferred to the see of Cesena, with personal title of archbishop, January 22, 1680. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Benevento, March 18, 1686, because of a serious illness attributed to the climate of his former see. Participated in the conclave of 1689, which elected Pope Alexander VIII. Participated in the conclave of 1691, which elected Pope Innocent XII. Participated in the conclave of 1700, which elected Pope Clement XI. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Frascati, retaining the administration of Benevento, January 3, 1701. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, retaining the administration of Benevento, March 18, 1715. Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Participated in the conclave of 1721, which elected Pope Innocent XIII. Participated in the conclave of 1724 and was elected pope.

Papacy. Elected pope on May 29, 1724, he took the name Benedict in honor of Pope Benedict XI, a Dominican friar like him. Initially, he had taken the name Benedict XIV but shortly after changed it to Benedict XIII because Pedro de Luna, who had reigned with that name from 1394 to 1423, was an antipope. Crowned, June 4, 1724, by Cardinal Benedetto Pamphili, protodeacon of S. Maria in Via Lata. Took possession of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, September 24, 1724. Retained the administration of Benevento until his death.

Death. February 21, 1730, Rome. Exposed and buried, on February 25, 1730, in the patriarchal Vatican basilica. Three years later, on February 23, 1733, transferred to the basilica of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, and buried in the chapel of S. Domenico.

Beatification. The first process for his beatification was open in Tortona in 1755, but it did not advance. On February 21, 1931, also in Tortona, the process was revitalized, but presumed doubts about the morality of the secretary of State of Pope Benedict XIII, Cardinal Nicolò Coscia, caused its closing in 1940. The process was reopend on January 17, 2004. On February 24, 2017, the phase of the process of beatification was completed.

Bibliography. Cardella, Lorenzo. Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa. 9 vols. Rome : Stamperia Pagliarini, 1793, VII, 214-219; De Caro, Gasparo. "Benedetto XIII." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, III, 429-439; Del Re, Nicola. "I cardinali prefetti della sacra congregazione del concilio dalle origini ad oggi (1564-1964)." Apollinaris, XXXVII (1964), p. 121-122.

Webgraphy. Biography by Gaspare De Caro, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 8 (1966), Treccani; biography by Patrick Healy, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; his episcopal genealogy, Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church, by Charles N. Bransom Jr.; his tomb in S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome. The Australian Nationla University; biography, in Italian, Diocesi Suburbicara Tuscolana; his bust, bass relief, by Johann Georg Sindler, Victoria and Albert Museum, London; his bust by Pietro Bracci, Wikigallery; his bust by Pietro Bracci, Galleria Venezia, Rome, Italy, Scholars Resource; his tomb, attributed to Pietro Bracci, Scholars Resoruces;his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1799), ambito campano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Benevento, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1799), ambito campano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Benevento, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, pittore campano sec. XIX, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Capua, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his arms, secolo XVIII (1700-1749), ambito napoletano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Capua, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); , secolo XVII (1690-1710), ambito campano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Benevento, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his chalice, secolo XVIII (1728), ambito napoletano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Benevento, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his miter, secolo XVIII (1724-1730), manifattura romana, regione ecclesiastica Lazio, diocesi Rieti, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); Golden Rose, secolo XVIII (1729), ambito italiano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Capua, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his slipper, secolo XVIII (1729), ambito laziale, regione ecclesiastica Lazio, diocesi Palestrina, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1724), ambito lombardo, regione ecclesiastica Lombardia, diocesi Vigevano, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1724-1799), bottega emiliana, regione ecclesiastica Emilia Romagna, diocesi Piacenza-Bobbio, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portratit, secolo XIX (1800-1899), ambito italiano, regione ecclesiastica Emilia Romagna, diocesi Cesena-Sarsina, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1724-1730), ambito italiano, regione ecclesiastica Emilia Romagna, diocesi Cesena-Sarsina, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1799), bottega campana, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Aversa, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1799), bottega campana, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Aversa, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait by Coroliano Mazzerioli, secolo XIX (1895), ambito umbro, regione ecclesiastica Umbria, diocesi Perugia-Città della Pieve, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB);his portrait, secolo XVIII (1740-1760), ambito toscano, regione ecclesiastica Toscana, diocesi Pisa, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait by Giovanni Cecchi, secolo XVIII (1740-1760), ambito toscano, regione ecclesiastica Toscana, diocesi Pisa, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait riding a horse, secolo XVIII (1741), bottega emiliano-veneta, regione Emilia Romagna, diocesi San Marino-Montefeltro, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1724-1730), ambito trentino, regione ecclesiastica Triveneto, diocesi Trento, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1749), ambito Italia centrale, regione ecclesiastica Marche, diocesi Senigallia, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his arms, secolo XVII (1690-1710), ambito pugliese, regione ecclesiastica Puglia, diocesi Manfredonia-Vieste-San Giovanni Rotondo, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1749), bottega marchigiana, regione ecclesiastica Marche, diocesi Senigallia, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his bust by Pietro Bracci, secolo XVIII (1750-1799), ambito romano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Benevento, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his papal arms, secolo XVIII (1700-1749), ambito campano, regione ecclesiastica Campania, diocesi Capua, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his portrait, secolo XVIII (1700-1736), ambito lombardo, regione ecclesiastica Lombardia, diocesi Bergamo, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his engraving with cherubs by Francesco Zucchi, secolo XVIII (1726), ambito bergamasco, regione ecclesiastica Lombardia, diocesi Bergamo, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); a href="**armoire" title="undefined" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.beweb.chiesacattolica.it/benistorici/bene/6384164/Artigianato+dell%27Italia+meridionale+sec.+XVIII%2C+Armadio+con+stemmi#locale=it&ambito=CEIOA&action=CERCAOA&ordine=rilevanza&domini=1&da=51&frase=Papa+Benedetto+XIII">**armoire with his arms**, secolo XVIII (1700-1749), ambito dell'Italia meridionale, regione ecclesiastica Puglia, diocesi Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva delle Fonti, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); San Filippo salva il cardinale Orsini Innocente Alessandri (inciosre), Pietro Antonio Novelli (disegnatore), secolo XVIII (1793), ambito veneziano, regione ecclesiastica Triveneto, diocesi Padova, Beni Ecclesiastici in web (BeWeB); his arms and tomb, Requiem Datenbank; Si riapre la causa di beatificazione di Benedetto XIII il papa di Gravina, in Italian, LaGazzettadelMezzogiorno.it/; Papa Benedetto XIII sempre più vicino alla beatificazione, in Italian, Gravina Life, venerdì 24 febbraio 2017;Centro studi "Benedetto XIII", Fondazione Benedetto XIII, Gravina in Puglia (Bari) Italy; Convegno Benedetto XIII, 29 Maggio 2009 - Gravina in Puglia, in Italian; Diventerà beato Benedetto XIII, il Papa che ridimensionò la corte romana by Angela Ambrogetti, ACI Stampa, Città del Vaticano, 24 febbraio, 2017 / 4:00 PM; Finaliza fase diocesana de causa de beatificación del Papa Benedicto XIII, translated and adapted by Miguel Pérez Pichel, ACI, Rome, 26 Feb. 17 / 09:26 am; Studi e testi su Benedetto XIII, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 luglio 2017.