1948 Italian general election (original) (raw)
Les eleccions legislatives italianes de 1948 se celebraren el 18 d'abril. Foren les primeres eleccions celebrades amb la Constitució Italiana de 1948 i després de l'Assemblea Constituent en la que es va abolir la monarquia. Vencé per majoria absoluta la DCI.
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| dbo:abstract | Les eleccions legislatives italianes de 1948 se celebraren el 18 d'abril. Foren les primeres eleccions celebrades amb la Constitució Italiana de 1948 i després de l'Assemblea Constituent en la que es va abolir la monarquia. Vencé per majoria absoluta la DCI. (ca) Parlamentní volby v Itálii roku 1948 byly historickým mezníkem moderních italských dějin. Konaly se 18. dubna 1948 a volilo se souběžně do Poslanecké sněmovny i do Senátu. Navzdory očekávání mnoha pozorovatelů nasměrovaly volby Itálii do Západního bloku začínající Studené války, když zvítězili prozápadní křesťanští demokraté, a to poměrně drtivě (48,5 % hlasů). Volby byly zejména v USA a Sovětském svazu sledovány s velkým napětím a nervozitou a obě velmoci do italské kampaně prokazatelně zasahovaly. Americký časopis Time v předvečer voleb prorokoval vítězství komunistů, zatažení Itálie do sovětské sféry vlivu a začátek katastrofy - zrudnutí celé Evropy. Nestalo se však ani jedno. (cs) General elections were held in Italy on 18 April 1948 to elect the first Parliament of the Italian Republic. After the Soviet-backed coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, the U.S. became alarmed about Soviet intentions in Central Europe. The U.S. feared that Italy would be drawn into the Soviet sphere of influence if the leftist Popular Democratic Front (Italian abbr.: FDP), which consisted of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), were to win the 1948 general election. As the last month of the election campaign began, Time magazine published an article which argued that an FDP victory would push Italy to "the brink of catastrophe". The U.S. consequently intervened in the election by heavily funding the centrist coalition led by Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana, DC) and launching an anti-communist propaganda campaign in Italy. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) claims that the Soviet Union responded by sending exorbitant funds to the FDP coalition. However, the PCI refuted this claim and, in contrast, expressed its discontent with what it perceived as a lack of support from the Soviets. The DC coalition won the election by a comfortable margin and defeated the FDP coalition. The Christian Democrats went on to form a government without the leftists, who had been expelled from the government coalition in the May 1947 crises and remained frozen out. (en) Die Parlamentswahlen am 18. April 1948 waren nach den Wahlen zur Verfassungsgebenden Versammlung von 1946 die zweiten Wahlen nach allgemeinem Männer- und Frauenwahlrecht in Italien nach dem Ende von Krieg und Faschismus und die ersten unter der neuen Verfassung der Republik. Es waren 574 Sitze im Abgeordnetenhaus (Camera dei deputati) und 237 im Senat (Senato della Repubblica) zu vergeben. Die Wahlen waren vom heraufziehenden Kalten Krieg und der Auseinandersetzung zwischen den großen Parteien der Christdemokraten und Kommunisten geprägt. Die DC erreichte bei den Wahlen am 18. April einen deutlichen Sieg mit der absoluten Mehrheit der Parlamentsmandate und erzielte mit 48,5 % der Stimmen das beste Ergebnis, das je eine Partei bei Parlamentswahlen in Italien erreichte. (de) Les élections parlementaires italiennes de 1948 furent les deuxièmes élections démocratiques au suffrage universel tenue en Italie, après l'élection de l'Assemblée constituante, qui rédigea et adopta la constitution italienne. Elles eurent lieu le 18 avril 1948 et se soldèrent par une nette victoire de la Démocratie chrétienne face au Front démocratique populaire, la coalition formée par le Parti communiste et le Parti socialiste. (fr) Las elecciones generales se celebraron en Italia el domingo 18 de abril de 1948 para elegir al Primer Parlamento Republicano. Estuvieron fuertemente influenciadas por la confrontación de la Guerra Fría entre la Unión Soviética y los Estados Unidos, y ahora son más conocidos por la guerra política encubierta emprendida por el Departamento de Estado de los EE.UU. y la Agencia Central de Inteligencia en nombre del Partido Demócrata Cristiano (DC). Después del golpe de Estado comunista en Checoslovaquia en febrero de 1948, los Estados Unidos se alarmaron por las intenciones soviéticas y temieron que, si la coalición de izquierda ganara las elecciones, la izquierda comunista llevaría a Italia a la esfera de influencia de la Unión Soviética. Cuando comenzó el último mes de la campaña electoral, la revista Time declaró que la posible victoria de la izquierda sería "el borde de la catástrofe". Las elecciones finalmente fueron ganadas por un cómodo margen por el partido Democracia Cristiana. (en italiano, Democrazia Cristiana, DC) que derrotó a la coalición de izquierda del Frente Democrático Popular (en italiano, Fronte Democratico Popolare per la libertà, la pace, il lavoro, FDP) que estaba compuesto por el Partido Comunista Italiano (en italiano, Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) y el Partido Socialista Italiano (en italiano, Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI). Los Demócratas Cristianos pasaron a formar un gobierno sin los comunistas, que habían estado en el gobierno desde junio de 1944, cuando se formó el primer gobierno de posguerra, hasta mayo de 1947. (es) 1948年イタリア総選挙（1948ねんイタリアそうせんきょ、イタリア語: Elezioni politiche italiane del 1948）は、イタリア共和国の立法府であるイタリア議会の議員を選出するため、1948年4月18日に施行された総選挙である。 (ja) Le elezioni politiche in Italia del 1948 per il rinnovo dei due rami del Parlamento Italiano – la Camera dei deputati e il Senato della Repubblica – si tennero domenica 18 e lunedì 19 aprile 1948. La Democrazia Cristiana si aggiudicò la maggioranza relativa dei voti e quella assoluta dei seggi, caso unico nella storia della Repubblica. Questo straordinario successo rese il partito guidato da Alcide De Gasperi il punto di riferimento per l'elettorato anticomunista e il principale partito italiano per quasi cinquant'anni, fino al suo scioglimento nel 1994. Netta fu la sconfitta del Fronte Democratico Popolare, lista che comprendeva sia il Partito Comunista Italiano sia il Partito Socialista Italiano. Con circa il 30% dei voti il fronte della sinistra fu fortemente ridimensionato rispetto alle precedenti elezioni. Su questo dato influì pesantemente la scissione socialdemocratica avvenuta un anno prima e guidata da Giuseppe Saragat. Sull'altro fronte la destra, ancora divisa tra liberali, monarchici e i neonati missini, ottenne risultati mediocri perdendo consensi rispetto alle precedenti elezioni. (it) As eleições legislativas na Itália em 1948 foram realizadas a 18 de Abril e, serviram para eleger os 574 deputados e 237 senadores para o primeiro parlamento da República Italiana. Estas foram, provavelmente, as eleições mais importantes de Itália, com uma forte influência externa, devido ao início da Guerra Fria, com os Estados Unidos a apoiarem a Democracia Cristã e a União Soviética a apoiarem a , aliança eleitoral entre Partido Comunista Italiano e Partido Socialista Italiano. No final, os democratas-cristãos obtiveram uma enorme vitória, conquistando, cerca de, 49% dos votos e 305 deputados, o que significava uma maioria absoluta, contra os 31% dos votos obtidos pela . Após estas eleições, iniciava-se um período de governação da Democracia Cristã coligado com outros partidos de centro-direita e centro-esquerda, como o Partido Liberal Italiano, o Partido Republicano Italiano e o Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano. (pt) Первые парламентские выборы после принятия Учредительным собранием Конституции Итальянской Республики, вступившей в силу 1 января 1948 года. Голосование состоялось 18 апреля 1948 года и принесло победу Христианско-демократической партии (ХД), которая затем удерживала лидирующие позиции в политической системе страны более 30 лет, бессменно возглавляя правительства до 1981 года. По оценкам многих историков, именно эти выборы определили дальнейшую судьбу страны — победа христианских демократов утвердила в стране восстановление либерально-капиталистической экономической системы, отказ от социалистических преобразований, рост влияния Ватикана на политическую и общественную жизнь страны. Избирательная кампания и выборы 1948 года подвели черту под единством антифашистских сил, существовавшим с 1943 года. На результат кампании значительное влияние оказали позиция Ватикана и Соединённых Штатов. США провели массированную кампанию поддержки ХД, оказывая в предвыборный период мощную экономическую помощь правительству, которое возглавлял христианский демократ Де Гаспери. Ватикан использовал для пропаганды в пользу ХД проповеди в церквях, а также светскую общественную организацию «Католическое действие». (ru) 1948年義大利大選在1948年4月18日舉行，選出意大利共和國第一屆議會成員。外國勢力明顯參與了這次選舉。美國和英國支援了天主教民主黨，蘇聯則和意大利共產黨有密切關係。基督教民主黨是這次選舉的勝利者，成為議會最大黨派。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Les eleccions legislatives italianes de 1948 se celebraren el 18 d'abril. Foren les primeres eleccions celebrades amb la Constitució Italiana de 1948 i després de l'Assemblea Constituent en la que es va abolir la monarquia. Vencé per majoria absoluta la DCI. (ca) Parlamentní volby v Itálii roku 1948 byly historickým mezníkem moderních italských dějin. Konaly se 18. dubna 1948 a volilo se souběžně do Poslanecké sněmovny i do Senátu. Navzdory očekávání mnoha pozorovatelů nasměrovaly volby Itálii do Západního bloku začínající Studené války, když zvítězili prozápadní křesťanští demokraté, a to poměrně drtivě (48,5 % hlasů). Volby byly zejména v USA a Sovětském svazu sledovány s velkým napětím a nervozitou a obě velmoci do italské kampaně prokazatelně zasahovaly. Americký časopis Time v předvečer voleb prorokoval vítězství komunistů, zatažení Itálie do sovětské sféry vlivu a začátek katastrofy - zrudnutí celé Evropy. Nestalo se však ani jedno. (cs) Die Parlamentswahlen am 18. April 1948 waren nach den Wahlen zur Verfassungsgebenden Versammlung von 1946 die zweiten Wahlen nach allgemeinem Männer- und Frauenwahlrecht in Italien nach dem Ende von Krieg und Faschismus und die ersten unter der neuen Verfassung der Republik. Es waren 574 Sitze im Abgeordnetenhaus (Camera dei deputati) und 237 im Senat (Senato della Repubblica) zu vergeben. Die Wahlen waren vom heraufziehenden Kalten Krieg und der Auseinandersetzung zwischen den großen Parteien der Christdemokraten und Kommunisten geprägt. Die DC erreichte bei den Wahlen am 18. April einen deutlichen Sieg mit der absoluten Mehrheit der Parlamentsmandate und erzielte mit 48,5 % der Stimmen das beste Ergebnis, das je eine Partei bei Parlamentswahlen in Italien erreichte. (de) Les élections parlementaires italiennes de 1948 furent les deuxièmes élections démocratiques au suffrage universel tenue en Italie, après l'élection de l'Assemblée constituante, qui rédigea et adopta la constitution italienne. Elles eurent lieu le 18 avril 1948 et se soldèrent par une nette victoire de la Démocratie chrétienne face au Front démocratique populaire, la coalition formée par le Parti communiste et le Parti socialiste. (fr) 1948年イタリア総選挙（1948ねんイタリアそうせんきょ、イタリア語: Elezioni politiche italiane del 1948）は、イタリア共和国の立法府であるイタリア議会の議員を選出するため、1948年4月18日に施行された総選挙である。 (ja) 1948年義大利大選在1948年4月18日舉行，選出意大利共和國第一屆議會成員。外國勢力明顯參與了這次選舉。美國和英國支援了天主教民主黨，蘇聯則和意大利共產黨有密切關係。基督教民主黨是這次選舉的勝利者，成為議會最大黨派。 (zh) General elections were held in Italy on 18 April 1948 to elect the first Parliament of the Italian Republic. After the Soviet-backed coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, the U.S. became alarmed about Soviet intentions in Central Europe. The U.S. feared that Italy would be drawn into the Soviet sphere of influence if the leftist Popular Democratic Front (Italian abbr.: FDP), which consisted of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), were to win the 1948 general election. As the last month of the election campaign began, Time magazine published an article which argued that an FDP victory would push Italy to "the brink of catastrophe". The U.S. consequently intervened in the election by heavily funding the centrist coalition led by Christian Democracy (Ita (en) Las elecciones generales se celebraron en Italia el domingo 18 de abril de 1948 para elegir al Primer Parlamento Republicano. Estuvieron fuertemente influenciadas por la confrontación de la Guerra Fría entre la Unión Soviética y los Estados Unidos, y ahora son más conocidos por la guerra política encubierta emprendida por el Departamento de Estado de los EE.UU. y la Agencia Central de Inteligencia en nombre del Partido Demócrata Cristiano (DC). (es) Le elezioni politiche in Italia del 1948 per il rinnovo dei due rami del Parlamento Italiano – la Camera dei deputati e il Senato della Repubblica – si tennero domenica 18 e lunedì 19 aprile 1948. La Democrazia Cristiana si aggiudicò la maggioranza relativa dei voti e quella assoluta dei seggi, caso unico nella storia della Repubblica. Questo straordinario successo rese il partito guidato da Alcide De Gasperi il punto di riferimento per l'elettorato anticomunista e il principale partito italiano per quasi cinquant'anni, fino al suo scioglimento nel 1994. (it) As eleições legislativas na Itália em 1948 foram realizadas a 18 de Abril e, serviram para eleger os 574 deputados e 237 senadores para o primeiro parlamento da República Italiana. Estas foram, provavelmente, as eleições mais importantes de Itália, com uma forte influência externa, devido ao início da Guerra Fria, com os Estados Unidos a apoiarem a Democracia Cristã e a União Soviética a apoiarem a , aliança eleitoral entre Partido Comunista Italiano e Partido Socialista Italiano. (pt) Первые парламентские выборы после принятия Учредительным собранием Конституции Итальянской Республики, вступившей в силу 1 января 1948 года. Голосование состоялось 18 апреля 1948 года и принесло победу Христианско-демократической партии (ХД), которая затем удерживала лидирующие позиции в политической системе страны более 30 лет, бессменно возглавляя правительства до 1981 года. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Eleccions legislatives italianes de 1948 (ca) Parlamentní volby v Itálii 1948 (cs) Parlamentswahlen in Italien 1948 (de) 1948 Italian general election (en) Elecciones generales de Italia de 1948 (es) Élections parlementaires italiennes de 1948 (fr) Elezioni politiche in Italia del 1948 (it) 1948年イタリア総選挙 (ja) Eleições legislativas na Itália em 1948 (pt) Парламентские выборы в Италии (1948) (ru) 1948年義大利大選 (zh) |
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