| dbo:abstract |
On 2 June 1994, a Chinook helicopter of the Royal Air Force (RAF), serial number ZD576, crashed on the Mull of Kintyre, Scotland, in foggy conditions. The crash resulted in the deaths of all twenty-five passengers and four crew on board. Among the passengers were almost all the United Kingdom's senior Northern Ireland intelligence experts. The accident is the RAF's fourth-worst peacetime disaster. In 1995, an RAF board of inquiry ruled that it was impossible to establish the exact cause of the accident. This ruling was subsequently overturned by two senior reviewing officers, who stated the pilots were guilty of gross negligence for flying too fast and too low in thick fog. This finding proved to be controversial, especially in light of irregularities and technical issues surrounding the then-new Chinook HC.2 variant which were uncovered. A Parliamentary inquiry conducted in 2001 found the previous verdict of gross negligence on the part of the crew to be 'unjustified'. In 2011, an independent review of the crash cleared the crew of negligence. (en) Крушение вертолёта «Чинук» (1994) — авиационная катастрофа, произошедшая в четверг 2 июня 1994 года примерно в 18:00 GWT. Вертолёт Королевских ВВС Великобритании Boeing Chinook HC.2 (серийный номер ZD576, позывной F4J40) совершал перелёт по маршруту Белфаст—Инвернесс, а на его борту находилось 4 члена экипажа и 25 пассажиров; большую их часть составляли сотрудники разведывательной службы MI5 — ведущие специалисты Северной Ирландии по государственной безопасности и сбору информации. Однако недалеко от Инвернесса вертолёт попал в густой туман и, двигаясь сквозь него, врезался в гору на мысе Малл-оф-Кинтайр (Шотландия) и полностью разрушился. Погибли все 29 человек, находившиеся на его борту. Эта катастрофа стала крупнейшей катастрофой с участием транспорта Королевских ВВС Великобритании, случившейся в мирное время. В 1995 году комиссия по расследованию заявила о невозможности определения точной причины катастрофы. Хотя два старших сотрудника возложили ответственность за случившееся на пилотов, которые управляли вертолётом на слишком малой высоте и двигались слишком быстро в тумане, этому решению воспротивились родственники и друзья погибших, а в ходе дальнейшей проверки британских «Чинуков» выявились серьёзные технические неисправности, которые ранее не были замечены экспертами. В 2001 году Парламентская комиссия по расследованию порекомендовала снять ответственность с экипажа, поскольку сомнения в их виновности невозможно было устранить окончательно. В 2011 году ответственность с погибших членов экипажа была снята. (ru) |
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http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121018173232/http:/www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/AE81D0D3-8025-4567-A658-47B561CC6F83/0/chinook_response.pdf%7C http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2000/11/30/174561/mps-boost-chinook-fight.htm http://www.mullofkintyrereview.org.uk/sites/default/files/Mull%20of%20Kintyre%20Review%20Report.pdf https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_HL_PO_CO_CH https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldselect/ldchin/25/25we01.htm http://www.computerweekly.com/Articles/2000/11/30/177569/chinook-report-slams-flawed-mod-procurement-methods.htm https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld/ldchin.htm https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldselect/ldchin/25/2507.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1800727.stm http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/AE81D0D3-8025-4567-A658-47B561CC6F83/0/chinook_response.pdf https://archive.org/details/phoenixpolicings0000holl https://web.archive.org/web/20120717021641/http:/www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/resources/general/ethicol/Ecv12no2.html https://web.archive.org/web/20160531215132/http:/www.mullofkintyrereview.org.uk/sites/default/files/Mull%20of%20Kintyre%20Review%20Report.pdf%7C |
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"The chances are that if software caused any of these accidents, we would never know. This is because when software fails, or it contains coding or design flaws... only the manufacturer will understand its system well enough to identify any flaws... Step forward the vulnerable equipment operators: the pilots... who cannot prove their innocence. That is why the loss of Chinook ZD576 is so much more than a helicopter crash. To accept the verdict against the pilots is to accept that it is reasonable to blame the operators if the cause of a disaster is not known." (en) "There is no evidence of any significant change of course and none of the decision, if any, that the crew made. When the crew released the computer from its fix on the Mull, the pilots knew how close to the Mull they were and, given the deteriorating weather and the strict visibility requirements under visual flight rules they should by that time already have chosen an alternative course. As they had not done so, they could, and, under the rules, should have either turned away from the Mull immediately or slowed down and climbed to a safe altitude." (en) |
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Mull of Kintyre, Scotland (en) |
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Karl Schneider, Editor of Computer Weekly, 2002 (en) Baroness Symons, speaking on behalf of the Government in the House of Lords in 2000. (en) |
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Crashed in fog. Disputed: Pilot error leading to CFIT or mechanical failure . (en) |
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On 2 June 1994, a Chinook helicopter of the Royal Air Force (RAF), serial number ZD576, crashed on the Mull of Kintyre, Scotland, in foggy conditions. The crash resulted in the deaths of all twenty-five passengers and four crew on board. Among the passengers were almost all the United Kingdom's senior Northern Ireland intelligence experts. The accident is the RAF's fourth-worst peacetime disaster. (en) Крушение вертолёта «Чинук» (1994) — авиационная катастрофа, произошедшая в четверг 2 июня 1994 года примерно в 18:00 GWT. Вертолёт Королевских ВВС Великобритании Boeing Chinook HC.2 (серийный номер ZD576, позывной F4J40) совершал перелёт по маршруту Белфаст—Инвернесс, а на его борту находилось 4 члена экипажа и 25 пассажиров; большую их часть составляли сотрудники разведывательной службы MI5 — ведущие специалисты Северной Ирландии по государственной безопасности и сбору информации. Однако недалеко от Инвернесса вертолёт попал в густой туман и, двигаясь сквозь него, врезался в гору на мысе Малл-оф-Кинтайр (Шотландия) и полностью разрушился. Погибли все 29 человек, находившиеся на его борту. Эта катастрофа стала крупнейшей катастрофой с участием транспорта Королевских ВВС Великобритании, слу (ru) |
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