Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh (original) (raw)
Abu-Abd-Al·lah Muhàmmad ibn Sad ibn Muhàmmad ibn Àhmad ibn Mardanix al-Judhamí o at-Tujibí (àrab: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīx al-Juḏāmī o at-Tujībī), conegut com a Muhàmmad ibn Mardanix o Ibn Mardanix o, pels cristians, com el Rei Llop (Peníscola, 1124 - Múrcia, març de 1172). A la fi del domini almoràvit es va autoproclamar emir independent de Múrsiya, Balànsiyya i al-Mariyya, convertint-se en dominador efectiu de tot Xarq al-Àndalus entre els anys 1147 i 1172. Es va oposar a la conquesta almohade i aquests no aconseguiren conquerir els seus dominis fins a la seva mort.
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| dbo:abstract | Abu-Abd-Al·lah Muhàmmad ibn Sad ibn Muhàmmad ibn Àhmad ibn Mardanix al-Judhamí o at-Tujibí (àrab: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīx al-Juḏāmī o at-Tujībī), conegut com a Muhàmmad ibn Mardanix o Ibn Mardanix o, pels cristians, com el Rei Llop (Peníscola, 1124 - Múrcia, març de 1172). A la fi del domini almoràvit es va autoproclamar emir independent de Múrsiya, Balànsiyya i al-Mariyya, convertint-se en dominador efectiu de tot Xarq al-Àndalus entre els anys 1147 i 1172. Es va oposar a la conquesta almohade i aquests no aconseguiren conquerir els seus dominis fins a la seva mort. (ca) Ibn Mardanīsch (arabisch ابن مردنيش, DMG Ibn Mardanīš; * 1124; † 1172) war muslimischer Fürst von Valencia (1143–1172) mit vermutlich mozarabischer Abstammung. Der Name Mardanīš wird von einigen Historikern als die arabisierte Form des iberoromanischen Nachnamens Martínes oder Martínez gelesen. In die spanische Überlieferung ist er auch als Rey Lobo (Wolfskönig) eingegangen. Ibn Mardanīš ergriff mit dem Niedergang der Almoravidenmacht in Andalusien nach 1143 die Herrschaft in Valencia und Murcia. Er dehnte sie in der Folgezeit über den östlichen Teil Andalusiens aus, wobei er von seinem Schwiegervater Ibn Hamušk unterstützt wurde. Aus dieser Zeit ist das Castillejo de Monteagudo bei Murcia erhalten geblieben. Dieser Palast war wohl eine der Residenzen von Ibn Mardanīš. Ibn Mardanīš lehnte die Unterwerfung unter die Oberhoheit der Almohaden ab. Zwar wurde er mit seinem aus christlichen Söldnern bestehenden Heer bei Murcia schwer geschlagen (1165), doch konnte er sich in Valencia behaupten, auch wenn sich Ibn Hamušk 1169 den Almohaden unterwarf. Ein zweiter almohadischer Angriff unter Abu Yaqub Yusuf I. scheiterte ebenfalls vor Valencia. Dennoch desertierte bald die Garnison, und Ibn Mardanīš starb. Seine Söhne und Brüder folgten seinem letzten Rat und unterwarfen sich den Almohaden. Der Almohadenherrscher Abu Yaqub Yusuf I. heiratete drei Jahre später in Sevilla eine Tochter von Ibn Mardanīš. (de) أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن مَرْدَنيش (518هـ/1124م - 567هـ/1172م) أمير أندلسي حكم بين سنتي 542هـ/1148م حتى وفاته سنة 567هـ/1172م، وامتد سلطانه من أحواز طرطوشة شمالًا حتى قرطاجنة ولورقة جنوبًا. (ar) Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīsh, called al-Judhāmī or al-Tujībī (born AD 1124×25 [AH 518], died AD 1172 [AH 568]) was the king of Murcia from AD 1147 (AH 542) until his death. He established his rule over the cities of Murcia, Valencia and Dénia as the power of the Almoravid emirate declined, and he opposed the spread of the Almohad caliphate. Christian sources refer to him as the "Wolf King" (Latin rex Lupus, Spanish rey Lobo or rey Lope). Ibn Mardanīsh's full name was Abu ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīsh al-Juḍāmī (or at-Tuȳībī), indicate he was the son of Saʿd, son of Muḥammad, son of Aḥmad, son of Mardanīsh. His tribal nisbas are no secure indication of Arab ancestry. He was a muwallad, a descendant of a native Iberian convert to Islam, and the name Mardanīsh is not of Arabic origin. The thirteenth-century Islamic scholar Ibn Khallikān derived it from an Ibero-Romance term for dung (via Latin merda), perhaps because of Ibn Mardanīsh's friendly relations with the Christians. It is more likely a corruption of Merdanix (today Merdancho), the name of a tributary of the river Najerilla, which was on the border between Christian and Islamic Spain in the early tenth century. This hydronym in turn derives from the Latin for dung, indicating dirty waters. This is consistent with Ibn Mardanīsh's family emigrating from the aṭ-Ṭaḡr al-Aʿlā (Upper March) around the Rioja, as told in Arabic sources. In the first year of his rule (1147/8), Ibn Mardanīsh faced the rebellion of his relative, Yūsuf ibn Hilāl, based in the . Yūsuf conquered the castles of al-Ṣujayra and al-Ṣajra, and defeated Ibn Mardanīsh before the walls of Moratalla, which he occupied. With a reduced following he attacked the fortress of Peñas de San Pedro and was captured. Ibn Mardanīsh threatened to gouge out his eyes unless he ordered the surrender of Moratalla. He refused and his right eye was removed. Ibn Mardanīsh then ordered Yūsuf's wife to surrender the castle or else see her husband blinded. She refused and Yūsuf's other eye was removed. Ibn Mardanīsh then sent his prisoner to Xàtiva, where he died shortly thereafter in 1148 or 1149. In June 1149, after the republic of Genoa had established colonies at both Almería and Tortosa, Ibn Mardanīsh signed a ten-year truce with the republic, agreed to pay 15,000 Almoravid dinars (murābiṭūn) in tribute, exempted the Genoese from tariffs and permitted the establishment of Genoese funduqs at Valencia and Dénia. A payment of 5,000 murābiṭūn was due immediately: 3,000 in cash and 2,000 in equivalent silks. The remaining 10,000 was owed over two years. This treaty is preserved in the Genoese . According to the contemporary historian Caffaro, a similar treaty was signed in 1161. In January 1150, Ibn Mardanīsh signed a treaty with the republic of Pisa, promising funduqs and a general safe-conduct for Pisan merchants, but requiring no payment of tribute. During Dhū l-Qaʿdah 560 (September–October 1165), Ibn Mardanīsh led a large army from Murcia to defend Lorca from an Almohad force advancing from the castle of Vélez. His troops were flanked by the Almohad force at a place called al-Fundūn in the valley of the Guadalentín. In the ensuing battle of Faḥṣ al-Jullāb they were routed. (en) Abu Abd Al-lah Muhámmad ibn Sa‘d ibn Muhámmad ibn Áhmad ibn Mardaniš al-Ŷudhami o at-Tuŷibi (en árabe, أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn ’Aḥmad ibn Mardanīš al-Ŷuḏāmī o al-Tuŷībī), conocido como Muhámmad ibn Mardanix o Ibn Mardanís, o Rey Lobo por los cristianos (Peñíscola, 1124 o 1125 – Murcia, 28 de marzo de 1172) fue rey de la taifa de Mursiyya (Murcia) de 1147 hasta su muerte. Líder y militar andalusí que tras el final del dominio almorávide se proclamó emir independiente de Mursiyya y Balansiyya, convirtiéndose en dominador efectivo de toda Xarq al-Ándalus hasta 1172. Figura capital de los Segundos reinos de taifas, se opuso a la invasión de los almohades, los cuales no consiguieron conquistar por completo sus dominios hasta su muerte. (es) Muhammad ibn abd Allah ibn Sad ibn Mardanis (né à Peñíscola en 1124 [an 518 de l'Hégire] et mort en mars 1172 à Murcie), connu par les chrétiens sous le surnom du Roi Loup (en espagnol El Rey Lobo), est un monarque d’origine mozarabe, qui réussit à être roi de toute la zone orientale de Al-Andalus. (fr) Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīsh al-Judhāmī, in arabo: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي (Peñíscola, 1124 – Murcia, marzo 1172), è stato signore musulmano di alcune regioni di al-Andalus (Spagna islamica), tra la fine dell'impero almoravide e l'ascesa di quello almohade, al quale egli si oppose. (it) Abu Abedalá Maomé ibne Saíde ibne Maomé ibne Amade ibne Mardanis Aljudami ou Atujibi (em árabe: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي; romaniz.: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn ’Aḥmad ibn Mardanīš al-Ŷuḏāmī), ou Rei Lobo (em latim: Rex Lupus; em castelhano: Rey Lobo ou Rey Lope; Peníscola, 1124/25 - Múrcia, 28 de março de 1172) segundo as fontes cristãs, foi rei de Múrcia de 1147 até sua morte. Estabeleceu seu poder sobre as cidades de Múrcia, Valência e Dénia a medida que o Império Almorávida declinou e se opôs à expansão do Califado Almóada ainda sob seu primeiro califa, Abde Almumine (r. 1133–1163). Membro de uma família muladi, sua família emigrou da em direção ao sul do Alandalus, onde ibne Mardanis nasceu. Em 1147/1148, assume o Reino de Múrcia e logo enfrenta oposição de seu parente . Após suprimir a revolta de seu parente, dedica-se nas décadas subsequentes a combater o Califado Almóada nascido dos escombros do Império Almorávida. Na sua luta, fez várias alianças com os reinos cristãos do norte da Península Ibérica e com as Repúblicas de Gênova e Pisa. Apesar disso, sua filha Safia casar-se-ia com o califa Abu Iúçufe Iacube Almançor (r. 1184–1199) e geraria seu sucessor Almamune (r. 1229–1232). (pt) Абд Ал-лах Мухаммад ибн Сад ибн Мухаммад ибн Ахмад ибн Марданис (1124/1125, Пеньискола — 28 марта 1173, Мурсия) — последний правитель независимого тайфа Мурсия (1147—1172). Известный в христианских источниках под именем «Король Волк». Лидер и военный деятель Андалусии, который после окончания правления династии Альморавидов провозгласил себя независимым эмиром Мурсии и Валенсии, став эффективным властителем всего Ксарка Аль-Андалуса до 1172 года. Он выступал против вторжения Альмохадов, которые не смогли полностью завоевать его владения до его смерти. (ru) Аббаллах Мухаммад ібн Саїд ібн Мухаммад ібн Ахмад ібн Марданіс аль-Юдамі (араб. أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي; бл. 1125 — 28 березня 1172 — емір Мурсійської і Валенсійської тайф в 1147—1172 роках. У християн отримав прізвисько «король Вовк» (ісп. rey Lobo). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Abu-Abd-Al·lah Muhàmmad ibn Sad ibn Muhàmmad ibn Àhmad ibn Mardanix al-Judhamí o at-Tujibí (àrab: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīx al-Juḏāmī o at-Tujībī), conegut com a Muhàmmad ibn Mardanix o Ibn Mardanix o, pels cristians, com el Rei Llop (Peníscola, 1124 - Múrcia, març de 1172). A la fi del domini almoràvit es va autoproclamar emir independent de Múrsiya, Balànsiyya i al-Mariyya, convertint-se en dominador efectiu de tot Xarq al-Àndalus entre els anys 1147 i 1172. Es va oposar a la conquesta almohade i aquests no aconseguiren conquerir els seus dominis fins a la seva mort. (ca) أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن مَرْدَنيش (518هـ/1124م - 567هـ/1172م) أمير أندلسي حكم بين سنتي 542هـ/1148م حتى وفاته سنة 567هـ/1172م، وامتد سلطانه من أحواز طرطوشة شمالًا حتى قرطاجنة ولورقة جنوبًا. (ar) Muhammad ibn abd Allah ibn Sad ibn Mardanis (né à Peñíscola en 1124 [an 518 de l'Hégire] et mort en mars 1172 à Murcie), connu par les chrétiens sous le surnom du Roi Loup (en espagnol El Rey Lobo), est un monarque d’origine mozarabe, qui réussit à être roi de toute la zone orientale de Al-Andalus. (fr) Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīsh al-Judhāmī, in arabo: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي (Peñíscola, 1124 – Murcia, marzo 1172), è stato signore musulmano di alcune regioni di al-Andalus (Spagna islamica), tra la fine dell'impero almoravide e l'ascesa di quello almohade, al quale egli si oppose. (it) Абд Ал-лах Мухаммад ибн Сад ибн Мухаммад ибн Ахмад ибн Марданис (1124/1125, Пеньискола — 28 марта 1173, Мурсия) — последний правитель независимого тайфа Мурсия (1147—1172). Известный в христианских источниках под именем «Король Волк». Лидер и военный деятель Андалусии, который после окончания правления династии Альморавидов провозгласил себя независимым эмиром Мурсии и Валенсии, став эффективным властителем всего Ксарка Аль-Андалуса до 1172 года. Он выступал против вторжения Альмохадов, которые не смогли полностью завоевать его владения до его смерти. (ru) Аббаллах Мухаммад ібн Саїд ібн Мухаммад ібн Ахмад ібн Марданіс аль-Юдамі (араб. أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي; бл. 1125 — 28 березня 1172 — емір Мурсійської і Валенсійської тайф в 1147—1172 роках. У християн отримав прізвисько «король Вовк» (ісп. rey Lobo). (uk) Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mardanīsh, called al-Judhāmī or al-Tujībī (born AD 1124×25 [AH 518], died AD 1172 [AH 568]) was the king of Murcia from AD 1147 (AH 542) until his death. He established his rule over the cities of Murcia, Valencia and Dénia as the power of the Almoravid emirate declined, and he opposed the spread of the Almohad caliphate. Christian sources refer to him as the "Wolf King" (Latin rex Lupus, Spanish rey Lobo or rey Lope). (en) Ibn Mardanīsch (arabisch ابن مردنيش, DMG Ibn Mardanīš; * 1124; † 1172) war muslimischer Fürst von Valencia (1143–1172) mit vermutlich mozarabischer Abstammung. Der Name Mardanīš wird von einigen Historikern als die arabisierte Form des iberoromanischen Nachnamens Martínes oder Martínez gelesen. In die spanische Überlieferung ist er auch als Rey Lobo (Wolfskönig) eingegangen. Seine Söhne und Brüder folgten seinem letzten Rat und unterwarfen sich den Almohaden. Der Almohadenherrscher Abu Yaqub Yusuf I. heiratete drei Jahre später in Sevilla eine Tochter von Ibn Mardanīš. (de) Abu Abd Al-lah Muhámmad ibn Sa‘d ibn Muhámmad ibn Áhmad ibn Mardaniš al-Ŷudhami o at-Tuŷibi (en árabe, أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn ’Aḥmad ibn Mardanīš al-Ŷuḏāmī o al-Tuŷībī), conocido como Muhámmad ibn Mardanix o Ibn Mardanís, o Rey Lobo por los cristianos (Peñíscola, 1124 o 1125 – Murcia, 28 de marzo de 1172) fue rey de la taifa de Mursiyya (Murcia) de 1147 hasta su muerte. (es) Abu Abedalá Maomé ibne Saíde ibne Maomé ibne Amade ibne Mardanis Aljudami ou Atujibi (em árabe: أبو عبد الله محمد بن سعد بن محمد بن أحمد بن مردنيش الجذامي o التجيبي; romaniz.: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Muḥammad ibn ’Aḥmad ibn Mardanīš al-Ŷuḏāmī), ou Rei Lobo (em latim: Rex Lupus; em castelhano: Rey Lobo ou Rey Lope; Peníscola, 1124/25 - Múrcia, 28 de março de 1172) segundo as fontes cristãs, foi rei de Múrcia de 1147 até sua morte. Estabeleceu seu poder sobre as cidades de Múrcia, Valência e Dénia a medida que o Império Almorávida declinou e se opôs à expansão do Califado Almóada ainda sob seu primeiro califa, Abde Almumine (r. 1133–1163). (pt) |
| rdfs:label | ابن مردنيش (ar) Muhàmmad ibn Mardanix (ca) Ibn Mardanīsch (de) Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh (en) Muhámmad ibn Mardanís (es) Muhammad ibn Mardanis (fr) Muhammad ibn Mardanish (it) Abu Abdalá Maomé ibne Sade ibne Mardanis (pt) Мухаммад ибн Марданис (ru) Мухаммад ібн Марданіс (uk) |
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