Acting white (original) (raw)
التطبّع بعادات البيض هو مصطلح يستخدم في الولايات المتحدة للإشارة إلى الأمريكيين من الأصول الأفريقية الذين يخونون ثقافة المجتمع الذي ينتمون إليه بتبنيهم العادات الاجتماعية التي تخص ذوي البشرة البيضاء. ويمكن النظر إلى النجاح في التعليم بالتحديد اعتماداً على خلفية الفرد الثقافية كأحد أشكال خيانة الفرد لثقافة مجتمعه.
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| dbo:abstract | التطبّع بعادات البيض هو مصطلح يستخدم في الولايات المتحدة للإشارة إلى الأمريكيين من الأصول الأفريقية الذين يخونون ثقافة المجتمع الذي ينتمون إليه بتبنيهم العادات الاجتماعية التي تخص ذوي البشرة البيضاء. ويمكن النظر إلى النجاح في التعليم بالتحديد اعتماداً على خلفية الفرد الثقافية كأحد أشكال خيانة الفرد لثقافة مجتمعه. ويعد هذا المصطلح مثيراً للجدل مما يجعل من تحديد معناه الدقيق أمراً صعباً. وذكرت عدة مقالات نُشرت في كل من صحيفة نيويورك تايمز، ومجلة التايم، وصحيفة وول ستريت جورنال أن بعض طلاب الأقليات يعانون من التثبيط الناتج عن التحيز لصالح نظرائهم من الأعراق الأخرى مما يحول بينهم وبين تقديم أداء دراسي جيد، كما تبنى هذا الرأي عدد من الشخصيات البارزة والأكاديميين من مختلف الانتماءات السياسية. (ar) In the United States, acting white is a pejorative term, usually applied to black people, which refers to a person's perceived betrayal of their culture by assuming the social expectations of white society. It can be applied to success in education, but this view is highly debated. In 2020, 93.6% of African Americans between 25 and 39 had a high school diploma, on par with the national average. The term is controversial, and its precise meaning is hard to define. It is theorized that some minority students are discouraged from achieving in school by the negative prejudices of ethnic peers; such a view has been expressed in articles in The New York Times, Time magazine, and The Wall Street Journal—and by public figures and academics across the political spectrum. (en) Berlagak seperti kulit putih (Inggris: acting white) ialah ungkapan untuk merendahkan orang kulit hitam di Amerika Serikat. Istilah ini disematkan bagi orang kulit hitam yang dianggap mengkhianati ras kelompoknya atas dasar dugaan mengikuti harapan sosial masyarakat kulit putih. Keberhasilan dalam bidang pendidikan khususnya dipandang sebagai bentuk "mengorbankan integritas dan kesetiaan" terhadap budaya orang yang bersangkutan. Istilah ini begitu kontroversial, sementara makna persisnya sulit untuk didefinisikan. Prasangka negatif terhadap etnis tertentu telah menghalangi beberapa siswa minoritas untuk berprestasi di sekolah. Fenomena ini telah dibahas oleh tokoh masyarakat dan akademisi bidang politik dalam artikel The New York Times, majalah Time, dan The Wall Street Journal. (in) Acting white is een pejoratieve term, die voornamelijk in de Verenigde Staten wordt gebruikt en verwijst naar een gepercipieerde verraad dat Afro-Amerikanen plegen wanneer ze zich gedragen volgens de sociale verwachtingen van de blanke maatschappij. In Nederland wordt gesproken over bountygedrag, verwijzend naar de gelijknamige chocoladereep die zwart van buiten en wit van binnen is. De term acting white wordt gebruikt in sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek, en dan vooral in de onderwijssociologie, maar is niet vrij van controverse. Volgens deze denkwijze wordt het een zwart persoon kwalijk genomen door zijn (zwarte) peer group wanneer diezelfde persoon excelleert in het onderwijs. Door te presteren op school bevestigt hij of zij immers de waarden van de dominante meerderheid. Deze denkwijze wordt onder meer door John Ogbu gebruikt om te verklaren waarom Afro-Amerikanen geen goede schoolresultaten halen ten opzichte van de blanke studenten. Wie de dominante waarden als Afro-Amerikaan niet verwerpt, zou volgens slecht presterende jongeren niet loyaal zijn aan de "eigen" cultuur. Ogbu beweert dat het stigma op goede schoolprestaties in een ruimere context moet gezien worden. Het historisch onvrijwillige karakter van de Afro-Amerikaanse migratie (de slavernij) zou bijvoorbeeld mede de afkeer voor goede schoolprestaties verklaren. Dit onvrijwillige karakter vindt men niet terug bij Aziatisch-Amerikaanse migranten, waardoor deze gemeenschap wel bereid is om de dominante Amerikaanse waarden na te streven. (nl) |
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| rdfs:comment | التطبّع بعادات البيض هو مصطلح يستخدم في الولايات المتحدة للإشارة إلى الأمريكيين من الأصول الأفريقية الذين يخونون ثقافة المجتمع الذي ينتمون إليه بتبنيهم العادات الاجتماعية التي تخص ذوي البشرة البيضاء. ويمكن النظر إلى النجاح في التعليم بالتحديد اعتماداً على خلفية الفرد الثقافية كأحد أشكال خيانة الفرد لثقافة مجتمعه. (ar) In the United States, acting white is a pejorative term, usually applied to black people, which refers to a person's perceived betrayal of their culture by assuming the social expectations of white society. It can be applied to success in education, but this view is highly debated. In 2020, 93.6% of African Americans between 25 and 39 had a high school diploma, on par with the national average. (en) Berlagak seperti kulit putih (Inggris: acting white) ialah ungkapan untuk merendahkan orang kulit hitam di Amerika Serikat. Istilah ini disematkan bagi orang kulit hitam yang dianggap mengkhianati ras kelompoknya atas dasar dugaan mengikuti harapan sosial masyarakat kulit putih. Keberhasilan dalam bidang pendidikan khususnya dipandang sebagai bentuk "mengorbankan integritas dan kesetiaan" terhadap budaya orang yang bersangkutan. (in) Acting white is een pejoratieve term, die voornamelijk in de Verenigde Staten wordt gebruikt en verwijst naar een gepercipieerde verraad dat Afro-Amerikanen plegen wanneer ze zich gedragen volgens de sociale verwachtingen van de blanke maatschappij. In Nederland wordt gesproken over bountygedrag, verwijzend naar de gelijknamige chocoladereep die zwart van buiten en wit van binnen is. De term acting white wordt gebruikt in sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek, en dan vooral in de onderwijssociologie, maar is niet vrij van controverse. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | التطبع بعادات البيض (ar) Acting white (en) Acting white (in) Acting white (nl) |
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