Alford plea (original) (raw)
La Doctrina Alford, llamada también Declaración de Alford o Petición de Alford —en inglés, Kennedy plea, Alford guilty plea, «I'm guilty but I didn't do it» plea o Alford doctrine— es un tipo de declaración aplicable en la justicia criminal estadounidense, por la que un infractor responde a cargos penales no admitiendo culpa sino que inocencia respecto al acto por el que se le acusa. Bajo esta petición, el acusado admite que existen suficientes evidencias como para probar su culpabilidad ante un juez o jurado .
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| dbo:abstract | In United States law, an Alford plea, also called a Kennedy plea in West Virginia, an Alford guilty plea, and the Alford doctrine, is a guilty plea in criminal court, whereby a defendant in a criminal case does not admit to the criminal act and asserts innocence, but admits that the evidence presented by the prosecution would be likely to persuade a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This can be caused by circumstantial evidence and testimony favoring the prosecution and difficulty finding evidence and witnesses that would aid the defense. Alford pleas are legally permissible in nearly all U.S. federal and state courts, except in the state courts of Indiana, Michigan, and New Jersey, or in the courts of the United States Armed Forces. (en) Le plaidoyer Alford (Alford plea en anglais aussi nommé plaidoyer Kennedy en Virginie-Occidentale, plaidoyer de « Culpabilité » Alford[réf. souhaitée], ou doctrine Alford[réf. souhaitée]) est une forme de plaidoyer de marchandage de culpabilité dans le système judiciaire anglo-saxon qui permet à l'accusé d'accepter de plaider coupable tout en rejetant le chef d'accusation afin de conserver son innocence, ce faisant il accepte la peine associée. Par ce plaidoyer, il accepte que l'accusation aurait vraisemblablement persuadé le jury de reconnaître l'accusé coupable sans le moindre doute. Cette manière de plaider est issue d'un procès de 1970 Caroline du Nord contre Alford pour meurtre au premier degré, où l'accusé, Henry Alford, risque la peine capitale si sa culpabilité est reconnue alors qu'il clame son innocence. Il accepte donc de plaider coupable pour un meurtre au second degré afin d'éviter la peine de mort, tout en affirmant son innocence. Henry Alford est alors condamné à trente ans de prison (peine maximale pour un crime de second degré). Henry Alford fait appel car il considère avoir été forcé de plaider coupable (« I just pleaded guilty because they said if I didn't, they would gas me for it. » : « J'ai plaidé coupable uniquement parce qu'ils déclaraient que si je ne le faisais pas, ils me gazeraient pour cela » ), mais la Cour suprême de Caroline du Nord affirme qu'il avait volontairement fait cette démarche en sachant les conséquences. (fr) La Doctrina Alford, llamada también Declaración de Alford o Petición de Alford —en inglés, Kennedy plea, Alford guilty plea, «I'm guilty but I didn't do it» plea o Alford doctrine— es un tipo de declaración aplicable en la justicia criminal estadounidense, por la que un infractor responde a cargos penales no admitiendo culpa sino que inocencia respecto al acto por el que se le acusa. Bajo esta petición, el acusado admite que existen suficientes evidencias como para probar su culpabilidad ante un juez o jurado . (es) Per Alford Plea (anche Alford Doctrine o Alford guilty plea) si intende, nel linguaggio giuridico statunitense, una particolare dichiarazione resa dall'imputato in un processo di diritto penale: in base a essa, l'imputato non si dichiara colpevole del reato per cui è imputato, ma è consapevole e ammette che la pubblica accusa può fornire al giudice o alla giuria un quantitativo di prove sufficiente a ottenere un verdetto di colpevolezza. Un Alford Plea è generalmente il presupposto per poter ottenere un accordo di patteggiamento da parte dell'imputato. (it) Alford plea, även Alford guilty plea med flera varianter, är en plädering där en åtalad erkänner ur ett juridiskt perspektiv men fortsätter att hävda sin oskuld. Fördelen med att göra detta är att hårdare straff kan eller har kunnat ådömas den som fälls mot sitt nekande, och den som har överväldigande bevisföring eller vittnesmål emot sig kan på så vis minska ett straff som förefaller oundvikligt. Beteckningens ursprung är en rättegång i North Carolina 1963 där en Henry Alford stod åtalad för mord och riskerade dödsstraff men hade möjlighet att slippa undan med ett tidsbegränsat fängelsestraff om han erkände. Alford dömdes till 30 års fängelse och avled i fängelse 1975. I ett överklagande till USA:s högsta domstol 1970, North Carolina v. Alford - som gav fenomenet dess namn - fastslog en majoritet, under domare , att Alfords plädering fastän möjligen moraliskt problematisk var konstitutionsenlig och att hävdande av oskuld kombinerat med erkännande, i juridisk mening, är tillåtet förutsatt att personen getts tillräcklig rådgivning från sitt ombud. År 2011 gjorde West Memphis Three en Alford plea. (sv) 阿爾弗德抗辯（英語：Alford Plea），也稱“阿爾福德認罪（Alford Guilty Plea）”和“阿爾福德原則（Alford Doctrine）”，而在西維吉尼亞州亦稱為“肯尼迪抗辯（Kennedy Plea）”，是指在美國法律中，被告在上同意對其的認罪但卻並不承認自己的犯罪行為且聲稱。在提出阿爾弗德抗辯時，被告方承認控方所提出的證據可能會說服法官或陪審團在排除合理懷疑的情況下認定其有罪。 阿爾弗德抗辯在幾乎所有美國聯邦和州法院都是法律允許的，但在印第安納州、密歇根州和新澤西州的州法院或美國武裝部隊的法院中是不允許的。 (zh) |
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| dbp:quote | Alford plea (en) These procedures may be constitutional and efficient, but they undermine key values served by admissions of guilt in open court. (en) |
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| dbp:source | —Stephanos Bibas, Cornell Law Review (en) —United States Department of Justice (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La Doctrina Alford, llamada también Declaración de Alford o Petición de Alford —en inglés, Kennedy plea, Alford guilty plea, «I'm guilty but I didn't do it» plea o Alford doctrine— es un tipo de declaración aplicable en la justicia criminal estadounidense, por la que un infractor responde a cargos penales no admitiendo culpa sino que inocencia respecto al acto por el que se le acusa. Bajo esta petición, el acusado admite que existen suficientes evidencias como para probar su culpabilidad ante un juez o jurado . (es) Per Alford Plea (anche Alford Doctrine o Alford guilty plea) si intende, nel linguaggio giuridico statunitense, una particolare dichiarazione resa dall'imputato in un processo di diritto penale: in base a essa, l'imputato non si dichiara colpevole del reato per cui è imputato, ma è consapevole e ammette che la pubblica accusa può fornire al giudice o alla giuria un quantitativo di prove sufficiente a ottenere un verdetto di colpevolezza. Un Alford Plea è generalmente il presupposto per poter ottenere un accordo di patteggiamento da parte dell'imputato. (it) 阿爾弗德抗辯（英語：Alford Plea），也稱“阿爾福德認罪（Alford Guilty Plea）”和“阿爾福德原則（Alford Doctrine）”，而在西維吉尼亞州亦稱為“肯尼迪抗辯（Kennedy Plea）”，是指在美國法律中，被告在上同意對其的認罪但卻並不承認自己的犯罪行為且聲稱。在提出阿爾弗德抗辯時，被告方承認控方所提出的證據可能會說服法官或陪審團在排除合理懷疑的情況下認定其有罪。 阿爾弗德抗辯在幾乎所有美國聯邦和州法院都是法律允許的，但在印第安納州、密歇根州和新澤西州的州法院或美國武裝部隊的法院中是不允許的。 (zh) In United States law, an Alford plea, also called a Kennedy plea in West Virginia, an Alford guilty plea, and the Alford doctrine, is a guilty plea in criminal court, whereby a defendant in a criminal case does not admit to the criminal act and asserts innocence, but admits that the evidence presented by the prosecution would be likely to persuade a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This can be caused by circumstantial evidence and testimony favoring the prosecution and difficulty finding evidence and witnesses that would aid the defense. (en) Le plaidoyer Alford (Alford plea en anglais aussi nommé plaidoyer Kennedy en Virginie-Occidentale, plaidoyer de « Culpabilité » Alford[réf. souhaitée], ou doctrine Alford[réf. souhaitée]) est une forme de plaidoyer de marchandage de culpabilité dans le système judiciaire anglo-saxon qui permet à l'accusé d'accepter de plaider coupable tout en rejetant le chef d'accusation afin de conserver son innocence, ce faisant il accepte la peine associée. Par ce plaidoyer, il accepte que l'accusation aurait vraisemblablement persuadé le jury de reconnaître l'accusé coupable sans le moindre doute. (fr) Alford plea, även Alford guilty plea med flera varianter, är en plädering där en åtalad erkänner ur ett juridiskt perspektiv men fortsätter att hävda sin oskuld. Fördelen med att göra detta är att hårdare straff kan eller har kunnat ådömas den som fälls mot sitt nekande, och den som har överväldigande bevisföring eller vittnesmål emot sig kan på så vis minska ett straff som förefaller oundvikligt. Beteckningens ursprung är en rättegång i North Carolina 1963 där en Henry Alford stod åtalad för mord och riskerade dödsstraff men hade möjlighet att slippa undan med ett tidsbegränsat fängelsestraff om han erkände. Alford dömdes till 30 års fängelse och avled i fängelse 1975. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Alford plea (en) Doctrina Alford (es) Plaidoyer Alford (fr) Alford Plea (it) Alford plea (sv) 阿尔弗德抗辩 (zh) |
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