Revolving door (politics) (original) (raw)
في السياسة، «الباب الدوار» هو انتقال الشخص بين أدوار المشرعين والمنظمين والصناعات المتأثرة بالتشريع والتنظيم. وفي بعض الحالات، يتم تنفيذ الأدوار بالتتابع، ولكن في حالات معينة، قد يتم تنفيذها في نفس الوقت. ويقول المحللون السياسيون إنه يمكن أن تتطور علاقة غير جيدة بين القطاع الخاص والحكومة، اعتمادًا على منح امتيازات متبادلة على حساب الأمة، ويمكن أن يؤدي ذلك إلى حالة من السيطرة التنظيمية.
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dbo:abstract | Porta giratòria, en política, fa referència al fet que una persona que treballa a l'esfera pública passi a treballar per una empresa privada. Aquest moviment de personal produeix un conflicte d'interessos entre les esferes pública i privada. Analistes polítics sostenen que aquest moviment de personal pot provocar en una relació poc sana entre els sectors públic i privat. Els governs contracten professionals de la indústria per a la seva experiència en el sector privat, la seva influència professional (amb empreses que el govern intenta regular o bé fer-hi negocis), i/o per obtenir el suport polític de certes corporacions. Per la seva banda, la indústria, contracta gent del govern per obtenir accés a persones clau de l'Estat, per influenciar una legislació favorable a la seva tasca empresarial, o bé per assabentar-se d'allò que succeix al govern. Ex polítics cobren grans retribucions per haver acceptat en el passat que una determinada empresa hagi estat afavorida per un determinat govern. (ca) في السياسة، «الباب الدوار» هو انتقال الشخص بين أدوار المشرعين والمنظمين والصناعات المتأثرة بالتشريع والتنظيم. وفي بعض الحالات، يتم تنفيذ الأدوار بالتتابع، ولكن في حالات معينة، قد يتم تنفيذها في نفس الوقت. ويقول المحللون السياسيون إنه يمكن أن تتطور علاقة غير جيدة بين القطاع الخاص والحكومة، اعتمادًا على منح امتيازات متبادلة على حساب الأمة، ويمكن أن يؤدي ذلك إلى حالة من السيطرة التنظيمية. (ar) Der Begriff Drehtür-Effekt bezeichnet als eine Metapher den schnellen Wechsel zwischen zwei Zuständen („rein/raus“). Er ist negativ besetzt und stellt typischerweise bildhaft eine Veränderung dar, die nach kurzer Zeit zum Ursprungszustand zurückkehrt und prangert entsprechend die Nutzlosigkeit bzw. Verwerflichkeit dieser Veränderung an. (de) Ate birakaria sektore publikoko kargu altu batean dagoen langilea enpresa pribatu batera joatean datza. Honek, enpresa pribatuak emandako etekinekin batera, bere aurreko lanbideko etekinak jasotzen jarraituko du, sektore publikoari kaltetuz. Ekintza horrek etengabeko liskarrak sortu izan ditu eta sortzen jarraitzen du gaur egun, hori dela eta herrialde askotan delitu gisa hartzen hasi dira.[erreferentzia behar] (eu) La expresión puerta giratoria designa de forma coloquial el hecho de que un alto cargo público se marche a trabajar a una empresa privada, obteniendo beneficio de su anterior ocupación pública y produciendo conflictos de interés entre la esfera pública y la privada, en beneficio propio y en perjuicio del interés público. Se conoce como puerta giratoria (como calco del inglés revolving door) al movimiento de altos cargos entre el sector público, el sector privado y viceversa. (es) In politics, a revolving door is a situation in which personnel move between roles as legislators and regulators, on one hand, and members of the industries affected by the legislation and regulation, on the other, analogous to the movement of people in a physical revolving door. In some cases, the roles are performed in sequence, but in certain circumstances they may be performed at the same time. Political analysts claim that an unhealthy relationship can develop between the private sector and government, based on the granting of reciprocated privileges to the detriment of the nation, and can lead to regulatory capture. The term has also been used in a different context, to refer to the constant switching and ousting of political leaders from offices such as in Australia (which changed Prime Ministers 6 times from 2007-2018) and Japan. (en) La porte tambour[réf. nécessaire] (revolving doors), aussi appelée « porte tournante »[réf. souhaitée] ou « chaise musicale »[réf. souhaitée], est un phénomène de rotation de personnel entre un rôle de législateur et régulateur d'une part et un poste dans l'industrie affecté par ces mêmes législation et régulation (donc avec suspicion de conflit d'intérêt) d'autre part. Dans certains cas ces rôles sont assumés séquentiellement, mais dans certaines circonstances ils peuvent être assumés en même temps. Les analystes politiques pensent qu'une relation malsaine peut se développer entre le secteur privé et le gouvernement, basé sur l'allocation de privilèges réciproques au détriment de l'intérêt de la nation.La crise de 2008 dite des "Subprimes" en est un exemple concret : Henry Paulson, le PDG de Goldman Sachs à l'époque, a été nommé secrétaire du Trésor le 30 mai 2006 (son mandat débutant en juillet). Les lobbyistes jouent également un rôle essentiel dans ce phénomène. (fr) La locuzione porta girevole, nella terminologia della politica, individua il movimento continuo di persone divise tra attività politica (ad esempio come legislatori), attività come funzionari in enti di regolamentazione, attività di lobbying per conto di gruppi industriali, e attività economica nelle stesse industrie coinvolte. Il termine è mutuato dall'inglese revolving door/doors (porta girevole/porte girevoli), con cui si indica tale pratica nel sistema della politica statunitense. (it) Met de term draaideurpolitiek of draaideur wordt het fenomeen bedoeld waarbij ambtenaren of politici die bevoegd zijn voor regelgeving of toezicht over een bepaalde sector van de economie of maatschappij, overstappen naar een betaalde functie in een privébedrijf dat werkzaam is in precies (of nagenoeg) diezelfde economische of maatschappelijke sector. Ook het omgekeerde fenomeen bestaat. Meestal wordt de functiewissel na elkaar uitgevoerd, maar soms ook gelijktijdig. Bij een overstap naar een privébedrijf gaat het meestal om een lobbyfunctie. Een dergelijke “draaideur” levert voordelen op voor beide partijen: personen met toegang tot overheidsinstellingen leveren waardevolle contacten op voor bedrijven. Omgekeerd kan de overheid er wel bij varen om mensen met bedrijfservaring in te schakelen bij de regelgeving. Toch kan door een te snelle wissel gemakkelijk belangenvermenging ontstaan. Hierover is zowel in Nederland, in België, als op Europees niveau reeds eerder controverse ontstaan. Vooral op internationaal vlak houden meerdere NGO's zoals Transparency International, Center for Responsive Politics, Corporate Europe Observatory of Corporate Watch deze “draaideuren” in de gaten. (nl) 旋轉門條款(英語:Revolving door),或稱為公務員離職後利益迴避條款,目的為防弊,防止公務員利用其服務公職之機會累積日後轉業之資產,以便日後任職營利事業時循原任公職時之管道或機會,牟取不當利益或取得其他競爭者所無法享有之便利。透過這種方式擔任新職位的人被蔑稱為「門神」。 (zh) |
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rdfs:comment | في السياسة، «الباب الدوار» هو انتقال الشخص بين أدوار المشرعين والمنظمين والصناعات المتأثرة بالتشريع والتنظيم. وفي بعض الحالات، يتم تنفيذ الأدوار بالتتابع، ولكن في حالات معينة، قد يتم تنفيذها في نفس الوقت. ويقول المحللون السياسيون إنه يمكن أن تتطور علاقة غير جيدة بين القطاع الخاص والحكومة، اعتمادًا على منح امتيازات متبادلة على حساب الأمة، ويمكن أن يؤدي ذلك إلى حالة من السيطرة التنظيمية. (ar) Der Begriff Drehtür-Effekt bezeichnet als eine Metapher den schnellen Wechsel zwischen zwei Zuständen („rein/raus“). Er ist negativ besetzt und stellt typischerweise bildhaft eine Veränderung dar, die nach kurzer Zeit zum Ursprungszustand zurückkehrt und prangert entsprechend die Nutzlosigkeit bzw. Verwerflichkeit dieser Veränderung an. (de) Ate birakaria sektore publikoko kargu altu batean dagoen langilea enpresa pribatu batera joatean datza. Honek, enpresa pribatuak emandako etekinekin batera, bere aurreko lanbideko etekinak jasotzen jarraituko du, sektore publikoari kaltetuz. Ekintza horrek etengabeko liskarrak sortu izan ditu eta sortzen jarraitzen du gaur egun, hori dela eta herrialde askotan delitu gisa hartzen hasi dira.[erreferentzia behar] (eu) La expresión puerta giratoria designa de forma coloquial el hecho de que un alto cargo público se marche a trabajar a una empresa privada, obteniendo beneficio de su anterior ocupación pública y produciendo conflictos de interés entre la esfera pública y la privada, en beneficio propio y en perjuicio del interés público. Se conoce como puerta giratoria (como calco del inglés revolving door) al movimiento de altos cargos entre el sector público, el sector privado y viceversa. (es) La locuzione porta girevole, nella terminologia della politica, individua il movimento continuo di persone divise tra attività politica (ad esempio come legislatori), attività come funzionari in enti di regolamentazione, attività di lobbying per conto di gruppi industriali, e attività economica nelle stesse industrie coinvolte. Il termine è mutuato dall'inglese revolving door/doors (porta girevole/porte girevoli), con cui si indica tale pratica nel sistema della politica statunitense. (it) 旋轉門條款(英語:Revolving door),或稱為公務員離職後利益迴避條款,目的為防弊,防止公務員利用其服務公職之機會累積日後轉業之資產,以便日後任職營利事業時循原任公職時之管道或機會,牟取不當利益或取得其他競爭者所無法享有之便利。透過這種方式擔任新職位的人被蔑稱為「門神」。 (zh) Porta giratòria, en política, fa referència al fet que una persona que treballa a l'esfera pública passi a treballar per una empresa privada. Aquest moviment de personal produeix un conflicte d'interessos entre les esferes pública i privada. Analistes polítics sostenen que aquest moviment de personal pot provocar en una relació poc sana entre els sectors públic i privat. (ca) La porte tambour[réf. nécessaire] (revolving doors), aussi appelée « porte tournante »[réf. souhaitée] ou « chaise musicale »[réf. souhaitée], est un phénomène de rotation de personnel entre un rôle de législateur et régulateur d'une part et un poste dans l'industrie affecté par ces mêmes législation et régulation (donc avec suspicion de conflit d'intérêt) d'autre part. Dans certains cas ces rôles sont assumés séquentiellement, mais dans certaines circonstances ils peuvent être assumés en même temps. Les analystes politiques pensent qu'une relation malsaine peut se développer entre le secteur privé et le gouvernement, basé sur l'allocation de privilèges réciproques au détriment de l'intérêt de la nation.La crise de 2008 dite des "Subprimes" en est un exemple concret : Henry Paulson, le PDG (fr) In politics, a revolving door is a situation in which personnel move between roles as legislators and regulators, on one hand, and members of the industries affected by the legislation and regulation, on the other, analogous to the movement of people in a physical revolving door. The term has also been used in a different context, to refer to the constant switching and ousting of political leaders from offices such as in Australia (which changed Prime Ministers 6 times from 2007-2018) and Japan. (en) Met de term draaideurpolitiek of draaideur wordt het fenomeen bedoeld waarbij ambtenaren of politici die bevoegd zijn voor regelgeving of toezicht over een bepaalde sector van de economie of maatschappij, overstappen naar een betaalde functie in een privébedrijf dat werkzaam is in precies (of nagenoeg) diezelfde economische of maatschappelijke sector. Ook het omgekeerde fenomeen bestaat. Meestal wordt de functiewissel na elkaar uitgevoerd, maar soms ook gelijktijdig. Bij een overstap naar een privébedrijf gaat het meestal om een lobbyfunctie. (nl) |
rdfs:label | باب دوار (سياسة) (ar) Porta giratòria (política) (ca) Drehtür-Effekt (de) Puerta giratoria (política) (es) Ate birakari (politika) (eu) Porte tambour (politique) (fr) Porta girevole (politica) (it) Draaideurpolitiek (nl) Revolving door (politics) (en) 旋轉門问题 (zh) |
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