Anti-Normanism (original) (raw)
Anti-Normanism is a movement of historical revisionism in opposition to the mainstream narrative of the Viking Age in Eastern Europe, and concerns the origin of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and their historic predecessor, Kievan Rus'. At the centre of the disagreement is the Rus' people, a people generally considered to be of Scandinavian origin and who arrived in Eastern Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries, but who during the 10th and 11th centuries merged with Fenno-Ugrics, Balts and East Slavs, and together with them formed Kievan Rus' with Old East Slavic as a common language, and with the name Rus' as a common marker of identity.
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| dbo:abstract | Anti-Normanism is a movement of historical revisionism in opposition to the mainstream narrative of the Viking Age in Eastern Europe, and concerns the origin of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and their historic predecessor, Kievan Rus'. At the centre of the disagreement is the Rus' people, a people generally considered to be of Scandinavian origin and who arrived in Eastern Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries, but who during the 10th and 11th centuries merged with Fenno-Ugrics, Balts and East Slavs, and together with them formed Kievan Rus' with Old East Slavic as a common language, and with the name Rus' as a common marker of identity. The origin of Kievan Rus' is infamously contentious, and relates to its perceived importance for the legitimation of nation-building, imperialism, and independence movements within the Slavic-speaking world, and for legitimating different political relationships between eastern and western European countries. The Norsemen that ventured into the waterways of Eastern Europe feature prominently in the history of the Baltic states, Scandinavia, Poland, and the Byzantine Empire. They are particularly important in the historiography and cultural history of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine but have also featured in the history of Poland. Nevertheless, contention has centred around whether the development of Kievan Rus' was influenced by non-Slavic, Viking migrants (this idea is characterised as the 'Normanist theory'), or whether the people of Kievan Rus' emerged solely from autochthonous Slavic political development (known as the 'anti-Normanist theory'). Added to this ideological force is a scarcity of contemporary evidence for the emergence of Kievan Rus', and the great ethnic diversity and complexity of the wide area where these Norsemen were active. (en) Normanismo (también conocido como teoría normanista, teoría normanda) es un nombre (usado con más frecuencia por sus oponentes que por sus defensores) para una teoría historiográfica sobre el origen de Rusia, Ucrania, Bielorrusia y su predecesor histórico, el Rus de Kiev. La teoría sostiene que la Rus de Kiev fue fundada por colonos nórdicos, predominantemente de Suecia, en lugar de eslavos. De una forma u otra, esto se ha convertido en la narrativa principal de la Edad vikinga en Europa del Este y la posición de consenso de la mayoría de los historiadores profesionales. El anti-normanismo es un movimiento de revisionismo histórico en oposición a la teoría normanista, y es actual particularmente entre algunos historiadores rusos y ucranianos. En el centro del desacuerdo está el pueblo de Rus, un pueblo generalmente considerado de origen escandinavo y que llegó a Europa del Este en los siglos VIII y IX, pero que durante los siglos X y XI se fusionó con ugrofineses, bálticos y eslavos orientales, y junto con ellos formaron Kievan Rus' con el antiguo eslavo oriental como lenguaje común, y con el nombre Rus' como marcador común de identidad. (es) Антинормани́зм — направление преимущественно в российской досоветской, советской и постсоветской историографии, сторонники которого отрицают роль скандинавов в создании Древнерусского государства, отвергают и стремятся опровергнуть норманскую теорию создания Древнерусского государства. Антинорманизм включает широкий спектр концепций и гипотез, общими признаками которых являются отрицание существенности влияния скандинавов на политические и экономические процессы становления Древней Руси и выдвижение альтернативных норманской гипотез. Народ русь и варяги, составившие раннюю элиту Древнерусского государства, а следовательно и первые представители правящей династии Древней Руси в рамках антинорманизма рассматриваются не в качестве потомков выходцев из Скандинавии, а как восточные или балтийские славяне, финны, пруссы и др. Антинорманизм может иметь националистическую мотивацию. Опровержения норманской теории могут выдвигаться в рамках инструментального подхода к истории, который отрицает самостоятельную ценность прошлого и ставит прошлое на службу настоящему; по явному или подразумеваемому заказу власти. Антинорманизм распространён в околонаучной среде, националистических псевдоисторических построениях, включая фолк-хистори, и в славянском неоязычестве. (ru) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.journals.uio.no/index.php/JAIS/article/viewFile/4553/4006 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=kfv6HKXErqAC https://archive.today/20060302105118/http:/www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/066/66944.htm https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=4dUWAQAAIAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=7K2ywwGox6IC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=H3bxAAAAMAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=hEawXSP4AVwC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=hEawXSP4AVwC&pg=PA132 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=wuN-AgAAQBAJ https://web.archive.org/web/20131001082748/http:/www.uib.no/jais/v003ht/03-001-025Montgom1.htm |
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| dbp:quote | The controversies over the nature of the Rus and the origins of the Russian state have bedevilled Viking studies, and indeed Russian history, for well over a century. It is historically certain that the Rus were Swedes. The evidence is incontrovertible, and that a debate still lingers at some levels of historical writing is clear evidence of the holding power of received notions. The debate over this issue – futile, embittered, tendentious, doctrinaire – served to obscure the most serious and genuine historical problem which remains: the assimilation of these Viking Rus into the Slavic people among whom they lived. The principal historical question is not whether the Rus were Scandinavians or Slavs, but, rather, how quickly these Scandinavian Rus became absorbed into Slavic life and culture. (en) In light of evidence, theories – most of them proposed by Soviet scholars with nationalistic agendas – of a Slav state in the Baltic region attacked by and ultimately absorbing Viking invaders are more likely the product of wishful thinking than of fact. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Anti-Normanism is a movement of historical revisionism in opposition to the mainstream narrative of the Viking Age in Eastern Europe, and concerns the origin of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and their historic predecessor, Kievan Rus'. At the centre of the disagreement is the Rus' people, a people generally considered to be of Scandinavian origin and who arrived in Eastern Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries, but who during the 10th and 11th centuries merged with Fenno-Ugrics, Balts and East Slavs, and together with them formed Kievan Rus' with Old East Slavic as a common language, and with the name Rus' as a common marker of identity. (en) Normanismo (también conocido como teoría normanista, teoría normanda) es un nombre (usado con más frecuencia por sus oponentes que por sus defensores) para una teoría historiográfica sobre el origen de Rusia, Ucrania, Bielorrusia y su predecesor histórico, el Rus de Kiev. La teoría sostiene que la Rus de Kiev fue fundada por colonos nórdicos, predominantemente de Suecia, en lugar de eslavos. De una forma u otra, esto se ha convertido en la narrativa principal de la Edad vikinga en Europa del Este y la posición de consenso de la mayoría de los historiadores profesionales. El anti-normanismo es un movimiento de revisionismo histórico en oposición a la teoría normanista, y es actual particularmente entre algunos historiadores rusos y ucranianos. (es) Антинормани́зм — направление преимущественно в российской досоветской, советской и постсоветской историографии, сторонники которого отрицают роль скандинавов в создании Древнерусского государства, отвергают и стремятся опровергнуть норманскую теорию создания Древнерусского государства. Антинорманизм включает широкий спектр концепций и гипотез, общими признаками которых являются отрицание существенности влияния скандинавов на политические и экономические процессы становления Древней Руси и выдвижение альтернативных норманской гипотез. Народ русь и варяги, составившие раннюю элиту Древнерусского государства, а следовательно и первые представители правящей династии Древней Руси в рамках антинорманизма рассматриваются не в качестве потомков выходцев из Скандинавии, а как восточные или балтийск (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Anti-Normanism (en) Teoría normanista (es) Антинорманизм (ru) |
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