Breechloader (original) (raw)
Una arma de retrocàrrega és una arma de foc en la qual el projectil és carregat per la part posterior del canó (culata), al contrari de les armes d'avantcàrrega en les quals, el projectil i el propel·lent s'introdueixen dins l'ànima del canó per la boca.
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| dbo:abstract | Una arma de retrocàrrega és una arma de foc en la qual el projectil és carregat per la part posterior del canó (culata), al contrari de les armes d'avantcàrrega en les quals, el projectil i el propel·lent s'introdueixen dins l'ànima del canó per la boca. (ca) Zadovka je označení pro hlavňové střelné zbraně nabíjené zezadu.Do skupiny zadovek patří ruční palné zbraně, ale i zbraně velkých ráží jako jsou děla a podobně. Kromě palných zbraní vyhovují definici zadovek také zbraně, kde je energie výstřelu čerpána ze stlačeného vzduchu nebo jiného plynu. V současnosti patří téměř všechny moderní hlavňové zbraně mezi zadovky. (cs) Hinterlader sind Schusswaffen, deren Lauf an beiden Enden offen ist und bei denen das Projektil und die Treibladung durch die hintere Öffnung in die Kammer gebracht werden. Meist wird dazu eine Patrone verwendet. Die Ladeseite des Laufs wird durch den Verschluss der Waffe abgedichtet, der typischerweise auch die Auslösevorrichtung enthält. (de) A breechloader is a firearm in which the user loads the ammunition (cartridge or shell) via the rear (breech) end of its barrel, as opposed to a muzzleloader, which loads ammunition via the front (muzzle). Modern firearms are generally breech-loading – except for replicas of vintage weapons. Early firearms before the mid-19th century were almost entirely muzzle-loading. Mortars and the Russian GP-25 grenade launcher are the only muzzleloaders remaining in frequent modern usage. However, referring to a weapon specifically as breech loading is mostly limited to single-shot or otherwise non-repeating firearms, such as double-barreled shotguns. Breech-loading provides the advantage of reduced reloading time, because it is far quicker to load the projectile and propellant into the chamber of a gun/cannon than to reach all the way over to the front end to load ammunition and then push them back down a long tube – especially when the projectile fits tightly and the tube has spiral ridges from rifling. In field artillery, the advantages were similar – crews no longer had to get in front of the gun and force things down a long barrel with a ramrod, and the shot could now tightly fit the bore, increasing accuracy. It also made it easier to load a previously fired weapon with a fouled barrel. Gun turrets and emplacements for breechloaders can be smaller, since crews don't need to retract the gun for frontal loading. Unloading a breechloader is much easier as well, as the load can be extracted from the breech end and is often doable by hand; unloading muzzle loaders requires drilling into the projectile to drag it out through whole length of the barrel, and in some cases they are simply fired to unload. After breech-loading became common, it also became common practice to fit recoil systems onto field guns to prevent the recoil from rolling the carriage back with every shot and ruining the aim. That provided faster firing times, but is not directly related to whether the gun is breech-loading or not. Now that guns were able to fire without the entire carriage recoiling, the crew was able to remain grouped closely around the gun, ready to load and put final touches on the aim, prior to firing the next shot. That led to the development of an armored shield fitted to the carriage of the gun, to help shield the crew from long range area or sniper fire from the new, high-velocity, long-range rifles, or even machine guns. (en) Una arma de retrocarga es una arma de fuego en la cual el proyectil es cargado por la parte posterior de la misma, a diferencia de las armas de avancarga en las cuales, el proyectil y el propelente se introducen en el arma por la boca de la misma. (es) Une arme à chargement par la culasse est une arme à feu (un fusil, un canon, etc.) dans laquelle la cartouche ou l'obus est chargé à l'arrière du canon (la culasse), par opposition à une arme à chargement par la bouche. (fr) Per retrocarica si intende il sistema di caricamento di un'arma da fuoco nel quale il proiettile e la carica di lancio vengono inserite dalla culatta, ovvero dalla parte posteriore della canna. Praticamente al giorno d'oggi tutte le moderne armi da fuoco, eccetto i mortai, sono a retrocarica. (it) 후장총포(後裝銃砲, breech-loader)는 탄환 또는 포탄이 총포신의 뒤쪽 부분을 통해 장전 내지 삽입되는 화기로, 그 장전 방식을 후장식(後裝式, breech-loading)이라 한다. 박격포를 제외한 현대의 모든 화기들은 후장식을 사용한다. (ko) Een achterlader is een vuurwapen waarbij aan de achterkant van de loop een kamer is aangebracht.Deze kamer kan door middel van een grendel, een schuif of een klep worden geopend. Daarna kan deze kamer worden voorzien van een projectiel, in de wandeling wel genoemd kogel en een voortdrijvende lading van buskruit dan wel van een complete patroon. Voor geweren was een oplossing gevonden door middel van de patroon, maar voor grotere kanonnen was dit niet mogelijk. Omstreeks midden 19e eeuw ging men experimenteren met kanonnen met achterlader, terwijl tegelijk proeven werden genomen met getrokken lopen. De eerste wapens waren allemaal voorladers, maar alle moderne vuurwapens zijn achterladers. De achterlader kwam pas in gebruik nadat een goede gasafsluiting was gevonden. Een achterlader werkt sneller omdat de kogel niet door de gehele loop naar binnen geduwd hoeft te worden en - bij scheepsgeschut - het kanon niet meer na een schot geheel naar binnen worden gehaald om te herladen. Verder was een achterlader veiliger, bij een voorlader kon de lader bloot staan aan vijandelijk vuur en bij een achterlader bleef de geschutbemanning achter het kanon. Alleen mortieren zijn meestal nog voorladers. Tijdens de Pruisisch-Oostenrijkse Oorlog in 1866 versloeg het Pruisische leger onder leiding van Helmuth von Moltke het Oostenrijkse leger mede dankzij de invoering van geweren met achterlading. Het grote voordeel was dat Pruisische soldaten niet langer staand hoefden te vuren, zoals de Oostenrijkers, maar dit ook liggend konden doen. (nl) 後装式（こうそうしき）は、銃砲の装填方式を2つに大別した1つで、銃砲身の尾部から砲弾と装薬を装填する方式を言う。銃砲口から装填する前装式の対義語。 後込め（あとごめ）、元込め（もとごめ）、砲尾装填式とも呼ばれる。後装式の銃砲を後装銃、後装砲、ブリーチローダー（breechloader）と言う。後装式では銃砲の尾栓（閉鎖機）に工夫が必要となる。 (ja) Retrocarga, é o termo que se usa para designar uma arma de fogo na qual tanto o projétil quanto o propelente são carregados através da "culatra" do cano da mesma; ao contrário das armas de carregamento pela "boca" do cano (antecarga), nas quais o projétil e o propelente são introduzidos pela parte frontal do cano ou da(s) câmara(s) da arma. (pt) En bakladdare är ett eldvapen som laddas bakifrån, till skillnad från mynningsladdare. (sv) Broń odtylcowa – broń palna ładowana od wlotu lufy (od tyłu broni). Jej istotnym elementem jest zamek, który łączony jest z lufą mechanizmem ryglowym pozwalając na otwieranie i zamykanie jej przewodu. Żargonowo myśliwska broń palna ładowana odtylcowo nazywana jest odtylcówką. (pl) Казённик, Казённая часть ствола — задняя (казённая) часть артиллерийского (миномётного) ствола, в которой расположен затвор. (ru) Казе́нник, казенна частина або задо́к — задня частина артилерійського (мінометного) ствола, в якій розташований затвор. У сучасній стрілецькій зброї аналогічна за призначенням деталь називається ствольною коробкою або затворною коробкою, і, як правило, виконується конструктивно окремо від ствола. Назви «казенник», «казенна частина» пов'язані з тим, що на задній частині ствола ставилось «казенне» клеймо, що вказувало на приналежність гармати державі («казні»). Задній обріз ствола називається казенним зрізом (на протилежність дульному). (uk) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/scientific-american-1894-06-02 https://archive.today/2013.02.08-163723/http:/query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html%3Fres=9F0CE6DA1F38E333A25751C1A9619C946091D7CF https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html%3Fres=9F0CE6DA1F38E333A25751C1A9619C946091D7CF http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/new-navy2.htm http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/69336/rec/169 |
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| rdfs:comment | Una arma de retrocàrrega és una arma de foc en la qual el projectil és carregat per la part posterior del canó (culata), al contrari de les armes d'avantcàrrega en les quals, el projectil i el propel·lent s'introdueixen dins l'ànima del canó per la boca. (ca) Zadovka je označení pro hlavňové střelné zbraně nabíjené zezadu.Do skupiny zadovek patří ruční palné zbraně, ale i zbraně velkých ráží jako jsou děla a podobně. Kromě palných zbraní vyhovují definici zadovek také zbraně, kde je energie výstřelu čerpána ze stlačeného vzduchu nebo jiného plynu. V současnosti patří téměř všechny moderní hlavňové zbraně mezi zadovky. (cs) Hinterlader sind Schusswaffen, deren Lauf an beiden Enden offen ist und bei denen das Projektil und die Treibladung durch die hintere Öffnung in die Kammer gebracht werden. Meist wird dazu eine Patrone verwendet. Die Ladeseite des Laufs wird durch den Verschluss der Waffe abgedichtet, der typischerweise auch die Auslösevorrichtung enthält. (de) Una arma de retrocarga es una arma de fuego en la cual el proyectil es cargado por la parte posterior de la misma, a diferencia de las armas de avancarga en las cuales, el proyectil y el propelente se introducen en el arma por la boca de la misma. (es) Une arme à chargement par la culasse est une arme à feu (un fusil, un canon, etc.) dans laquelle la cartouche ou l'obus est chargé à l'arrière du canon (la culasse), par opposition à une arme à chargement par la bouche. (fr) Per retrocarica si intende il sistema di caricamento di un'arma da fuoco nel quale il proiettile e la carica di lancio vengono inserite dalla culatta, ovvero dalla parte posteriore della canna. Praticamente al giorno d'oggi tutte le moderne armi da fuoco, eccetto i mortai, sono a retrocarica. (it) 후장총포(後裝銃砲, breech-loader)는 탄환 또는 포탄이 총포신의 뒤쪽 부분을 통해 장전 내지 삽입되는 화기로, 그 장전 방식을 후장식(後裝式, breech-loading)이라 한다. 박격포를 제외한 현대의 모든 화기들은 후장식을 사용한다. (ko) 後装式（こうそうしき）は、銃砲の装填方式を2つに大別した1つで、銃砲身の尾部から砲弾と装薬を装填する方式を言う。銃砲口から装填する前装式の対義語。 後込め（あとごめ）、元込め（もとごめ）、砲尾装填式とも呼ばれる。後装式の銃砲を後装銃、後装砲、ブリーチローダー（breechloader）と言う。後装式では銃砲の尾栓（閉鎖機）に工夫が必要となる。 (ja) Retrocarga, é o termo que se usa para designar uma arma de fogo na qual tanto o projétil quanto o propelente são carregados através da "culatra" do cano da mesma; ao contrário das armas de carregamento pela "boca" do cano (antecarga), nas quais o projétil e o propelente são introduzidos pela parte frontal do cano ou da(s) câmara(s) da arma. (pt) En bakladdare är ett eldvapen som laddas bakifrån, till skillnad från mynningsladdare. (sv) Broń odtylcowa – broń palna ładowana od wlotu lufy (od tyłu broni). Jej istotnym elementem jest zamek, który łączony jest z lufą mechanizmem ryglowym pozwalając na otwieranie i zamykanie jej przewodu. Żargonowo myśliwska broń palna ładowana odtylcowo nazywana jest odtylcówką. (pl) Казённик, Казённая часть ствола — задняя (казённая) часть артиллерийского (миномётного) ствола, в которой расположен затвор. (ru) Казе́нник, казенна частина або задо́к — задня частина артилерійського (мінометного) ствола, в якій розташований затвор. У сучасній стрілецькій зброї аналогічна за призначенням деталь називається ствольною коробкою або затворною коробкою, і, як правило, виконується конструктивно окремо від ствола. Назви «казенник», «казенна частина» пов'язані з тим, що на задній частині ствола ставилось «казенне» клеймо, що вказувало на приналежність гармати державі («казні»). Задній обріз ствола називається казенним зрізом (на протилежність дульному). (uk) A breechloader is a firearm in which the user loads the ammunition (cartridge or shell) via the rear (breech) end of its barrel, as opposed to a muzzleloader, which loads ammunition via the front (muzzle). (en) Een achterlader is een vuurwapen waarbij aan de achterkant van de loop een kamer is aangebracht.Deze kamer kan door middel van een grendel, een schuif of een klep worden geopend. Daarna kan deze kamer worden voorzien van een projectiel, in de wandeling wel genoemd kogel en een voortdrijvende lading van buskruit dan wel van een complete patroon. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Retrocàrrega (ca) Zadovka (cs) Hinterlader (de) Breechloader (en) Retrocarga (es) Arme à chargement par la culasse (fr) Retrocarica (it) 후장 총포 (ko) 後装式 (ja) Achterlader (nl) Broń odtylcowa (pl) Retrocarga (pt) Bakladdare (sv) Казённик (ru) Казенник (uk) |
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