Burke and Wills expedition (original) (raw)

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L’expédition Burke et Wills est un épisode tragique de l'exploration des terres intérieures de l'Australie. En 1860, une expédition de 18 hommes tente la traversée sud-nord de l'Australie à partir de la ville de Melbourne pour atteindre le golfe de Carpentarie, un parcours de 2 800 kilomètres. À l'époque, l'intérieur de l'Australie était encore inconnu des colons européens. Les explorateurs réussirent à atteindre la côte nord, stoppés seulement à 5 kilomètres par une zone de marécages. Mais la malchance et la défaillance des meneurs causèrent la mort de sept personnes sur le chemin du retour, notamment celles de Burke et de Wills.

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dbo:abstract Burkeho a Willsova výprava je název expedice, kterou v letech 1860–61 vedli Robert O'Hara Burke a napříč Austrálií od jihu na sever a zpět. Devatenáctičlenná výprava měla za cíl přejít Austrálii z Melbourne na jihu až po Carpentarský záliv na severu a zpět, což znamenalo zdolat vzdálenost zhruba 3 250 kilometrů. V té době nebyla většina australského vnitrozemí prozkoumána nikým kromě domorodých Austrálců a pro evropské osadníky byla naprosto neznámá. Cesta z jihu na sever proběhla úspěšně (výpravu zastavily až bažiny 5 kilometrů od severního pobřeží), ovšem zpáteční cesta se změnila v drama. Kvůli chybným rozhodnutím a také smůle zemřelo sedm mužů včetně obou vůdců výpravy. Pouze jediný muž, irský voják přešel celý světadíl a vrátil se zpět do Melbourne živý. (cs) Die Expedition von Burke und Wills (ursprünglich Victorian Exploring Expedition, deutsch Victorianische Erkundungsexpedition) war eine in den Jahren 1860 und 1861 im Auftrag der Regierung Victorias durchgeführte Expedition, bei der Australien westlich des 143. Längengrades von Süden nach Norden durchquert wurde. Sie führte von der Stadt Melbourne zum etwa 3250 Kilometer entfernten Golf von Carpentaria und stand unter der Leitung von Robert O’Hara Burke und William John Wills. Sieben Teilnehmer starben während der Expedition, Burke und Wills kamen auf der Rückreise ums Leben. Nur John King schloss die gesamte Expedition ab und kehrte nach Melbourne zurück. Die Expedition war die am besten ausgerüstete Expedition der Geschichte Australiens und fand viel Beachtung, aber sie scheiterte aufgrund einer Verkettung unglücklicher Umstände und auch aufgrund der schlechten Führungsqualitäten Burkes. Der unerfahrene Leiter entließ unterwegs zahlreiche qualifizierte Teilnehmer und konnte mit den mitgeführten Kamelen nicht umgehen. Des Weiteren waren die Wagen und Tiere zu schwer beladen; es wurden mehrfach Ausrüstungsgegenstände und Vorräte zurückgelassen. Wegen der Konkurrenz zu John McDouall Stuart, der gleichzeitig eine Expedition mit demselben Ziel von Adelaide aus führte, trieb Burke zur Eile und ließ keine Zeit für die wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten, die bei einer Expedition im Vordergrund stehen sollten. Deshalb trug die Expedition selbst so gut wie keine neuen Erkenntnisse zur Beschaffenheit des australischen Hinterlandes bei. Eine bedeutendere Rolle zur Erforschung spielten aber die Suchtrupps, die aus den verschiedenen Landesteilen zur Rettung von Burke und Wills ausgesendet wurden. Nach ihrem Tod wurden Burke und Wills trotz ihres Scheiterns zu Helden stilisiert. So wurde ihnen ein Staatsbegräbnis in Melbourne gewährt und Denkmäler gewidmet. Als aber nach und nach die Hintergründe ihres Todes bekannt wurden, ließ die Begeisterung nach. (de) The Burke and Wills expedition was organised by the Royal Society of Victoria in Australia in 1860–61. It consisted of 19 men led by Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills, with the objective of crossing Australia from Melbourne in the south, to the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north, a distance of around 3,250 kilometres (approximately 2,000 miles). At that time most of the inland of Australia had not been explored by non-Indigenous people and was largely unknown to the European settlers. The expedition left Melbourne in winter. Very bad weather, poor roads and broken-down horse wagons meant they made slow progress at first. After dividing the party at Menindee on the Darling River Burke made good progress, reaching Cooper Creek at the beginning of summer. The expedition established a depot camp at the Cooper, and Burke, Wills and two other men pushed on to the north coast (although swampland stopped them from reaching the northern coastline). The return journey was plagued by delays and monsoon rains, and when they reached the depot at Cooper Creek, they found it had been abandoned just hours earlier. Burke and Wills died on or about 30 June 1861. Several relief expeditions were sent out, all contributing new geographical findings. Altogether, seven men died, and only one man, the Irish soldier John King, crossed the continent with the expedition and returned alive to Melbourne. (en) L’expédition Burke et Wills est un épisode tragique de l'exploration des terres intérieures de l'Australie. En 1860, une expédition de 18 hommes tente la traversée sud-nord de l'Australie à partir de la ville de Melbourne pour atteindre le golfe de Carpentarie, un parcours de 2 800 kilomètres. À l'époque, l'intérieur de l'Australie était encore inconnu des colons européens. Les explorateurs réussirent à atteindre la côte nord, stoppés seulement à 5 kilomètres par une zone de marécages. Mais la malchance et la défaillance des meneurs causèrent la mort de sept personnes sur le chemin du retour, notamment celles de Burke et de Wills. (fr) La expedición de Burke y Wills fue una expedición de exploración organizada en Australia por la Royal Society of Victoria en 1860-1861. Consistió en 19 hombres dirigidos por Robert O'Hara Burke y William John Wills, con el objetivo de cruzar por tierra el continente desde Melbourne, en el sur, hasta el golfo de Carpentaria, en el norte, una distancia de alrededor de 3250 km.​ En ese momento, la mayor parte del interior de Australia no había sido explorado por personas no indígenas y era desconocido para los colonos europeos. La expedición partió de Melbourne en invierno. El mal tiempo, los caminos en mal estado y los carromatos averiados causaron que al principio progresaran lentamente. Después de dividir el grupo en Menindee, a orillas del río Darling, Burke hizo un buen progreso, llegando al río Cooper (Cooper Creek) a principios del verano. La expedición estableció un campamento de depósito (un almacén y escondite de víveres) en el río Cooper, y Burke, Wills y otros dos hombres avanzaron hacia la costa norte (aunque los pantanos próximos a la costa les impidieron llegar a la misma línea costera septentrional). El viaje de regreso estuvo plagado de demoras, muy afectado por las lluvias monzónicas, y cuando llegaron al depósito en el río Cooper, descubrieron que había sido abandonado solo unas horas antes. Burke y Wills murieron aproximadamente el 30 de junio de 1861. Se enviaron varias expediciones de socorro, todas ellas realizando nuevos hallazgos geográficos. En total, siete hombres perdieron la vida, y solo un hombre, el soldado irlandés , cruzó el continente con la expedición y regresó vivo a Melbourne. El árbol de las inscripciones (Dig Tree) aún permanece, constituyendo un popular destino turístico. (es) La spedizione di Burke e Wills fu una spedizione di 19 uomini condotta in Australia tra il 1860 e il 1861 da Robert O'Hara Burke e William John Wills partendo da Melbourne per risalire a nord nel golfo di Carpentaria per una distanza di 3250 chilometri. A quei tempi l'entroterra australiano non era stato esplorato se non da persone indigene e, seppur completamente sconosciuto ai coloni europei, si credeva che fosse presente un mare interno, ipotesi smentita alla fine della spedizione. La maggior parte delle esplorazioni effettuate in Australia dagli europei erano state condotte soprattutto lungo le coste, come quella di Ludwig Leichhardt nel 1848 nell'entroterra della costa nord-orientale, o come la spedizione, sempre nell'entroterra della costa sud-orientale, effettuata da Charles Sturt nel 1844. Altrettanto rilevante è la spedizione compiuta da Edward John Eyre nello Stato dell'Australia Meridionale attraverso i Monti Flinders. (it) バーク・ウィルズ探検隊 (Burke and Wills Expedition)とは、1860年から1861年にかけて(Robert O'Hara Burke)と(William John Wills)が率いた総勢19名の探検隊のこと。当時、オーストラリア内陸部を探険した者は先住民以外になく、ヨーロッパ系移民たちにとって未知の世界だった。 彼らはオーストラリア大陸縦断を目指し、南のメルボルンから2,800キロ離れたカーペンタリア湾まで到達した。南から北へ向かった往路は達成した(ただし、北部の海岸線から5キロ内陸の沼地で引き返している)が、指導者の力量不足と不運が重なり、合計7名が死亡し、全行程を探険してメルボルンへ帰還したのは最も若いジョン・キングのみであった。 (ja) De Expeditie van Burke en Wills werd in 1860-1861 georganiseerd door de Royal Society of Victoria om het Australische binnenland te verkennen. Het doel van de expeditie geleid door en was om van Melbourne in het zuiden naar de Golf van Carpentaria in het noorden te trekken en terug, maar ze liep fataal af voor drie van de deelnemers. (nl) Экспедиция Роберта О’Хара Бёрка и Уильяма Джона Уиллса из 19 человек состоялась с главной целью — пересечь территорию Австралии из Мельбурна на юге страны до залива Карпентария на севере. Расстояние составило около 3 250 километров. В то время большинство внутренних областей Австралии не было изучено, а аборигены оставались неизвестны для европейских поселенцев. (ru)
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rdfs:comment L’expédition Burke et Wills est un épisode tragique de l'exploration des terres intérieures de l'Australie. En 1860, une expédition de 18 hommes tente la traversée sud-nord de l'Australie à partir de la ville de Melbourne pour atteindre le golfe de Carpentarie, un parcours de 2 800 kilomètres. À l'époque, l'intérieur de l'Australie était encore inconnu des colons européens. Les explorateurs réussirent à atteindre la côte nord, stoppés seulement à 5 kilomètres par une zone de marécages. Mais la malchance et la défaillance des meneurs causèrent la mort de sept personnes sur le chemin du retour, notamment celles de Burke et de Wills. (fr) バーク・ウィルズ探検隊 (Burke and Wills Expedition)とは、1860年から1861年にかけて(Robert O'Hara Burke)と(William John Wills)が率いた総勢19名の探検隊のこと。当時、オーストラリア内陸部を探険した者は先住民以外になく、ヨーロッパ系移民たちにとって未知の世界だった。 彼らはオーストラリア大陸縦断を目指し、南のメルボルンから2,800キロ離れたカーペンタリア湾まで到達した。南から北へ向かった往路は達成した(ただし、北部の海岸線から5キロ内陸の沼地で引き返している)が、指導者の力量不足と不運が重なり、合計7名が死亡し、全行程を探険してメルボルンへ帰還したのは最も若いジョン・キングのみであった。 (ja) De Expeditie van Burke en Wills werd in 1860-1861 georganiseerd door de Royal Society of Victoria om het Australische binnenland te verkennen. Het doel van de expeditie geleid door en was om van Melbourne in het zuiden naar de Golf van Carpentaria in het noorden te trekken en terug, maar ze liep fataal af voor drie van de deelnemers. (nl) Экспедиция Роберта О’Хара Бёрка и Уильяма Джона Уиллса из 19 человек состоялась с главной целью — пересечь территорию Австралии из Мельбурна на юге страны до залива Карпентария на севере. Расстояние составило около 3 250 километров. В то время большинство внутренних областей Австралии не было изучено, а аборигены оставались неизвестны для европейских поселенцев. (ru) Burkeho a Willsova výprava je název expedice, kterou v letech 1860–61 vedli Robert O'Hara Burke a napříč Austrálií od jihu na sever a zpět. Devatenáctičlenná výprava měla za cíl přejít Austrálii z Melbourne na jihu až po Carpentarský záliv na severu a zpět, což znamenalo zdolat vzdálenost zhruba 3 250 kilometrů. V té době nebyla většina australského vnitrozemí prozkoumána nikým kromě domorodých Austrálců a pro evropské osadníky byla naprosto neznámá. (cs) Die Expedition von Burke und Wills (ursprünglich Victorian Exploring Expedition, deutsch Victorianische Erkundungsexpedition) war eine in den Jahren 1860 und 1861 im Auftrag der Regierung Victorias durchgeführte Expedition, bei der Australien westlich des 143. Längengrades von Süden nach Norden durchquert wurde. Sie führte von der Stadt Melbourne zum etwa 3250 Kilometer entfernten Golf von Carpentaria und stand unter der Leitung von Robert O’Hara Burke und William John Wills. Sieben Teilnehmer starben während der Expedition, Burke und Wills kamen auf der Rückreise ums Leben. Nur John King schloss die gesamte Expedition ab und kehrte nach Melbourne zurück. (de) The Burke and Wills expedition was organised by the Royal Society of Victoria in Australia in 1860–61. It consisted of 19 men led by Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills, with the objective of crossing Australia from Melbourne in the south, to the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north, a distance of around 3,250 kilometres (approximately 2,000 miles). At that time most of the inland of Australia had not been explored by non-Indigenous people and was largely unknown to the European settlers. (en) La expedición de Burke y Wills fue una expedición de exploración organizada en Australia por la Royal Society of Victoria en 1860-1861. Consistió en 19 hombres dirigidos por Robert O'Hara Burke y William John Wills, con el objetivo de cruzar por tierra el continente desde Melbourne, en el sur, hasta el golfo de Carpentaria, en el norte, una distancia de alrededor de 3250 km.​ En ese momento, la mayor parte del interior de Australia no había sido explorado por personas no indígenas y era desconocido para los colonos europeos. (es) La spedizione di Burke e Wills fu una spedizione di 19 uomini condotta in Australia tra il 1860 e il 1861 da Robert O'Hara Burke e William John Wills partendo da Melbourne per risalire a nord nel golfo di Carpentaria per una distanza di 3250 chilometri. A quei tempi l'entroterra australiano non era stato esplorato se non da persone indigene e, seppur completamente sconosciuto ai coloni europei, si credeva che fosse presente un mare interno, ipotesi smentita alla fine della spedizione. (it)
rdfs:label Burke and Wills expedition (en) Burkeho a Willsova výprava (cs) Expedition von Burke und Wills (de) Expedición de Burke y Wills (es) Expédition de Burke et Wills (fr) Spedizione di Burke e Wills (it) バーク・ウィルズ探検隊 (ja) Expeditie van Burke en Wills (nl) Экспедиция Бёрка и Уиллса (ru)
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