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حادثة ضرب تشارلز سومنر، أو قضية بروكس وسومنر، هي حادثة وقعت داخل مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي في 22 مايو 1856، عندما استخدم النائب برستون بروكس، وهو ديمقراطي مؤيد للرق من كارولينا الجنوبية، عصا المشي خاصته لضرب السناتور تشارلز سومنر، وهو جمهوري معادي للعبودية من ماساتشوستس، ردا على خطاب ألقاه سومنر قبل يومين انتقد فيه بشدة ملاك الرقيق، بمن فيهم أحد أقرباء من بروكس. كاد الضرب أن يودي بحياة سومنر ولقي ردودا شديدة من الجانبين داخل الرأي العام الأمريكي حول موضوع توسع العبودية في الولايات المتحدة. وقد اعتبرت الحادثة رمزا لـ «انهيار الخطاب المنطقي» والذي أدى في النهاية إلى قيام الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية. (ar) Die Brooks-Sumner-Affäre (englisch Brooks–Sumner Affair; auch Caning of Charles Sumner) war ein Ereignis im Jahre 1856 in den Vereinigten Staaten, das symbolisch für den Zusammenbruch eines zivilisierten Diskurses in der Sklavereifrage steht. Am 22. Mai 1856 schlug der demokratische Kongressabgeordnete Preston Brooks aus South Carolina im Senat der Vereinigten Staaten mit einem Gehstock auf den republikanischen Senator Charles Sumner aus Massachusetts ein und verletzte diesen schwer. Sumner, ein Abolitionist, hatte zwei Tage zuvor eine Rede gehalten, in der er die Sklavenhalter des Südens scharf angegriffen und dabei einen Verwandten Brooks’ erwähnt hatte. (de) The Caning of Charles Sumner, or the Brooks–Sumner Affair, occurred on May 22, 1856, in the United States Senate chamber, when Representative Preston Brooks, a pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina, used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Republican from Massachusetts. The attack was in retaliation for a speech given by Sumner two days earlier in which he fiercely criticized slaveholders, including South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler, a relative of Brooks. The beating nearly killed Sumner and contributed significantly to the country's polarization over the issue of slavery. It has been considered symbolic of the "breakdown of reasoned discourse" and the use of violence that eventually led to the Civil War. Although Sumner was unable to return to the Senate until December of 1859, the Massachusetts legislature refused to replace him, leaving his empty desk in the Senate as a public reminder of the attack. (en) La bastonatura di Charles Sumner - o l'affare Brooks-Sumner, avvenne il 22 maggio del 1856 all'interno dell'aula nel Senato degli Stati Uniti d'America allorché , deputato alla Camera dei Rappresentanti per la Carolina del Sud, esponente del Partito Democratico, fece irruzione usando un pesante bastone da passeggio per attaccare il senatore del Partito Repubblicano per il Massachusetts, un fiero fautore dell'abolizionismo. L'azione venne giustificata a posteriori come un segno di rappresaglia per un discorso pronunciato dallo stesso Sumner due giorni prima ed in cui criticava ferocemente gli schiavisti tra cui un parente di Brooks. Il pestaggio quasi uccise il senatore - che riportò una commozione cerebrale - ed ebbe la conseguenza di suscitare una reazione fortemente polarizzata da parte del pubblico americano sul tema dell'espansione della schiavitù negli Stati Uniti d'America. È stato considerato un episodio simbolico della "rottura del discorso ragionato" che alla fine condusse alla guerra di secessione americana. (it) |
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http://www.c-span.org/video/%3F326283-1/qa-stephen-puleo https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781402218392 https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781402218392/page/252 https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781402218392/page/259 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=_NPbXpW9fTEC&pg=PA62 https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm |
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Political caricature of Sumner on the floor, pen in one hand and "Crime against Kansas" speech in the other. Brooks towers over him with a raised cane. (en) |
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Representative Preston Brooks and Senator Charles Sumner (en) |
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United States Senate chamber, United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. (en) |
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Retaliation to an anti-slavery speech by Sumner (en) |
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Caning of Charles Sumner (en) |
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Assault by caning (en) |
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حادثة ضرب تشارلز سومنر، أو قضية بروكس وسومنر، هي حادثة وقعت داخل مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي في 22 مايو 1856، عندما استخدم النائب برستون بروكس، وهو ديمقراطي مؤيد للرق من كارولينا الجنوبية، عصا المشي خاصته لضرب السناتور تشارلز سومنر، وهو جمهوري معادي للعبودية من ماساتشوستس، ردا على خطاب ألقاه سومنر قبل يومين انتقد فيه بشدة ملاك الرقيق، بمن فيهم أحد أقرباء من بروكس. كاد الضرب أن يودي بحياة سومنر ولقي ردودا شديدة من الجانبين داخل الرأي العام الأمريكي حول موضوع توسع العبودية في الولايات المتحدة. وقد اعتبرت الحادثة رمزا لـ «انهيار الخطاب المنطقي» والذي أدى في النهاية إلى قيام الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية. (ar) Die Brooks-Sumner-Affäre (englisch Brooks–Sumner Affair; auch Caning of Charles Sumner) war ein Ereignis im Jahre 1856 in den Vereinigten Staaten, das symbolisch für den Zusammenbruch eines zivilisierten Diskurses in der Sklavereifrage steht. Am 22. Mai 1856 schlug der demokratische Kongressabgeordnete Preston Brooks aus South Carolina im Senat der Vereinigten Staaten mit einem Gehstock auf den republikanischen Senator Charles Sumner aus Massachusetts ein und verletzte diesen schwer. Sumner, ein Abolitionist, hatte zwei Tage zuvor eine Rede gehalten, in der er die Sklavenhalter des Südens scharf angegriffen und dabei einen Verwandten Brooks’ erwähnt hatte. (de) The Caning of Charles Sumner, or the Brooks–Sumner Affair, occurred on May 22, 1856, in the United States Senate chamber, when Representative Preston Brooks, a pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina, used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Republican from Massachusetts. The attack was in retaliation for a speech given by Sumner two days earlier in which he fiercely criticized slaveholders, including South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler, a relative of Brooks. The beating nearly killed Sumner and contributed significantly to the country's polarization over the issue of slavery. It has been considered symbolic of the "breakdown of reasoned discourse" and the use of violence that eventually led to the Civil War. (en) La bastonatura di Charles Sumner - o l'affare Brooks-Sumner, avvenne il 22 maggio del 1856 all'interno dell'aula nel Senato degli Stati Uniti d'America allorché , deputato alla Camera dei Rappresentanti per la Carolina del Sud, esponente del Partito Democratico, fece irruzione usando un pesante bastone da passeggio per attaccare il senatore del Partito Repubblicano per il Massachusetts, un fiero fautore dell'abolizionismo. È stato considerato un episodio simbolico della "rottura del discorso ragionato" che alla fine condusse alla guerra di secessione americana. (it) |
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