Chongryon (original) (raw)
L'Association générale des Coréens résidant au Japon (en hangeul coréen : 재일본조선인총연합회, Jae ilbon joseonin chongryeonhaphoe, abrégée en Chongryon ; en japonais : 在日本朝鮮人総連合会, Zai nihon chōsenjin sōrengōkai) regroupe 35 % des quelques 613 791 Coréens résidant au Japon. La Chongryon, actuellement présidée par Ho Jong-man, est le principal relais d'influence de la Corée du Nord au sein de la diaspora coréenne au Japon.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abbreviation | Ch'ongryŏn, Chōsen Sōren |
| dbo:abstract | The General Association of Korean Residents in Japan, abbreviated as Chongryon (Korean: 총련, Hanja: 總聯) or Chōsen Sōren (Japanese: 朝鮮総連), is one of two main organisations for Zainichi (or Jaeil) Koreans (Korean citizens or residents of Japan) and has close ties to North Korea (DPRK). As there are no diplomatic relations between the two states, it has functioned as North Korea's de facto embassy in Japan. The organisation is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and there are prefectural and regional head offices and branches throughout Japan. The other main organization in Japan of Korean affiliation is called Mindan, the Korean Residents Union in Japan, which contrastingly consists of Zainichi Koreans who have adopted South Korean nationality. Currently, among 610,000 Korean residents in Japan who have not adopted Japanese nationality, 25 percent are members of the Chongryon, and 65 percent are members of Mindan. Chongryon's strong links to North Korea, its allegiance to the North Korean ideology and its opposition to integration of Koreans into Japanese society have made it the more controversial of the two organisations in Japan. There are numerous organisations affiliated with the Chongryon, including 18 mass propaganda bodies and 23 business enterprises, with one of its most important business sectors being pachinko. The organisation also operates about 60 Korean schools and a Korean university, as well as banks and other facilities in Japan. In recent years, the organization has run into severe financial trouble, with debts of over US$750 million, and was ordered by court in 2012 to dispose of most of its assets, including its Tokyo headquarters. According to an interview with Mitsuhiro Suganuma, former head of the Public Security Intelligence Agency's Second Intelligence Department, Chongryon is under the control of the United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea's Liaison Department. (en) Ch’ongryŏn (kor. 총련, 總聯), auch Chōsen Sōren (jap. 朝鮮総連) genannt, ist eine Organisation für in Japan lebende Koreaner (Zainichi-Koreaner), die Nordkorea nahesteht. Ihr Gegenstück ist die Vereinigung Mindan, die mit Südkorea verbunden ist. Der Ch’ongryŏn wurde am 25. Mai 1955 von Han Tok-su (한덕수, 韓德銖) gegründet. Von den 610.000 Koreanern in Japan stehen etwa ein Drittel dem Ch’ongryŏn nahe (1991 hatte sie etwa 244.000 Mitglieder), zwei Drittel der Mindan. Hauptsitz des Ch’ongryŏn ist Tokio. Es bestehen daneben auch regionale Niederlassungen in den japanischen Präfekturen. Des Weiteren existiert eine dazugehörige Jugendorganisation namens Choch’ŏng. Der Ch’ongryŏn betreibt verschiedene Medien zur Verbreitung nordkoreanischer Propaganda, eigene Kindergärten, Schulen und Banken und ist in der Wirtschaft tätig. 1992 betrieb die Organisation 83 Grund-, 55 Mittel- und 13 Oberschulen, sowie die Hochschule . Die Schülerzahl lag bei insgesamt 19.000. Sie ist mit fünf Abgeordneten in der Obersten Volksversammlung Nordkoreas vertreten. Die erwirtschafteten Devisen fließen größtenteils nach Nordkorea zur Unterstützung des dortigen Regimes unter Kim Jong-un. 1995 wurden die Gesamtvermögenswerte der Organisation auf 200 Milliarden US-Dollar geschätzt, was beinahe der zehnfachen Summe des nordkoreanischen Bruttosozialprodukts entsprach. Um 1990 lag der jährlich nach Nordkorea überwiesene Betrag bei insgesamt etwa 750 Millionen US-Dollar. Hinzu kommen Investitionen in Joint Ventures in Nordkorea durch der Organisation nahestehende Geschäftsleute. Der Ch’ongryŏn wurde in der Vergangenheit mehrmals beschuldigt, Spionage, Drogenschmuggel und andere illegale Aktivitäten zu betreiben. Ein bedeutender Anteil aller in Südkorea enttarnten nordkoreanischen Agenten stammten aus den Reihen des Ch’ongryŏn. Am 15. August 1974 unternahm ein Koreaner mit Verbindungen zu der Organisation ein Attentat auf den Staatschef der südkoreanischen Militärdiktatur, Park Chung-hee. Seit der zweiten Hälfte der 1970er Jahre leidet die Organisation an einem permanenten Mitgliederschwund. Während 1975 noch 290.000 Zainichi-Koreaner dem Ch’ongryŏn angehörten, waren es 1985 noch 275.000 und 1991 nur 244.000. Mittlerweile gehen nach mehreren Finanzskandalen, die den Ch’ongryŏn an den Rand der Zahlungsunfähigkeit brachten, optimistische Schätzungen nur noch von 40.000 Mitgliedern aus. Die einst kleinere Organisation der Südkoreaner (Mindan) konnte die Zahl ihrer Mitglieder dagegen bis 1991 auf 371.000 steigern. Als ein Grund für den Mitgliederschwund werden die Berichte von nach Nordkorea ausgewanderten Ch’ongryŏn-Mitgliedern genannt, die sich in ihren Briefen an die Verwandtschaft in Japan über die schlechte materielle und politische Lage in Nordkorea beklagten, sowie das Vernachlässigen der Funktion als Vertretung der koreanischen Minderheit zu Gunsten staatlicher Propaganda und Devisenbeschaffung. Hinzu kommt, dass sich die Kinder der ersten Mitgliedergeneration weit weniger als ihre Eltern mit Nordkorea verbunden fühlen. In den 1990er Jahren wurde vermehrt über Spannungen zwischen der nordkoreanischen Führung und dem Ch’ongryŏn berichtet. Diese resultierten aus der Unzufriedenheit der Zainichi-Koreaner mit den stets steigenden Forderungen Nordkoreas nach Geldzuweisungen, sowie mit der dynastischen Nachfolgeregelung nach dem Tod des nordkoreanischen Staatschefs Kim Il-sung. Viele Ch’ongryŏn-Mitglieder wagten jedoch nicht den völligen Bruch mit der Organisation, da sie um das Wohlergehen von Verwandten in Nordkorea bangten. Der Führung in Pjöngjang wird in diesem Zusammenhang vorgeworfen, die Angehörigen der Zainichi-Koreaner in Nordkorea als Geiseln zu missbrauchen, um von den Zainichi-Koreanern materielle Unterstützung zu erpressen. Da es keine diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Japan und Nordkorea gibt, übernimmt der Ch’ongryŏn de facto die Funktion einer nordkoreanischen Vertretung in Japan. Nach der Pfändung des Hauptquartiers ist allerdings zurzeit fraglich, ob der Ch’ongryŏn überhaupt und in welchem Umfang diese Funktion wahrnehmen kann. Vorsitzender des Zentralkomitees des Ch’ongryŏn war ab 2007 bis zu seinem Tode im Februar 2012 . Sein Nachfolger wurde am 19. Mai 2012 mit gewählt. (de) La Asociación general de coreanos residentes en Japón (en coreano 재일본 조선인 총련합회, Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe), más conocida por la abreviación Chongryon (en coreano 총련) o Chōsen Sōren (en japonés, 朝鮮総連), es una organización de personas de etnia coreana que residen en Japón. El grupo mantiene estrechos vínculos con Corea del Norte y funciona como su embajada de facto en el país nipón. Los miembros del Chongryon se caracterizan por haber renunciado a la nacionalidad japonesa y surcoreana, y figuran registrados como Joseon. Este término fue una definición legal empleada por el Gobierno japonés cuando abandonó la península de Corea y está basado en la Dinastía Joseon, periodo anterior a la ocupación japonesa de Corea. Debido a que Japón no tiene vínculos diplomáticos con Corea del Norte y por tanto no puede dispensar esa nacionalidad, los coreanos favorables a dicho régimen se mantuvieron en el registro con la nacionalidad Joseon. Chongryon es la segunda organización de residentes coreanos en Japón por detrás de la agrupación Mindan, favorable a Corea del Sur y la integración de los coreanos en la cultura nipona. A lo largo de su historia, la organización ha mantenido varias disputas con el Gobierno de Japón por la colaboración de Chongryon con la RPD de Corea y su supuesta implicación con el secuestro de ciudadanos japoneses en los años 1970. La agrupación gestiona escuelas, universidades, negocios, bancos y clubes deportivos juveniles. (es) L'Association générale des Coréens résidant au Japon (en hangeul coréen : 재일본조선인총연합회, Jae ilbon joseonin chongryeonhaphoe, abrégée en Chongryon ; en japonais : 在日本朝鮮人総連合会, Zai nihon chōsenjin sōrengōkai) regroupe 35 % des quelques 613 791 Coréens résidant au Japon. La Chongryon, actuellement présidée par Ho Jong-man, est le principal relais d'influence de la Corée du Nord au sein de la diaspora coréenne au Japon. (fr) Asosiasi Utama Penduduk Korea di Jepang (Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe dalam bahasa Korea atau Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai dalam bahasa Jepang), atau disingkat Chongryon (Korea: 총련,Hanja: 總聯) atau Chōsen Sōren (Jepang: 朝鮮総連), adalah salah satu dari dua organisasi utara untuk Zainichi (atau Jaeil) Korea (istilah dari orang Korea yang bermukim di Jepang), dan memiliki hubungan dekat dengan Korea Utara (DPRK). Karena tidak ada , organisasi tersebut digunakan sebagai kedutaan de facto Korea Utara di Jepang. (in) 재일본조선인총련합회(在日本朝鮮人總聯合會，일본어: 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 자이니혼초센진소렌고카이[*])는 일본에 있는 조선민주주의인민공화국에 강한 소속감을 갖는 재일 조선인의 단체이다. 약칭은 조선총련(朝鮮總聯), 총련(總聯)이며, 대한민국에서는 조총련(朝総聯)이라고 부른다. 재일본조선인련맹을 모태로 1955년 5월 25일 ~ 5월 26일 도쿄도 다이토구 아사쿠사 공회당에서 한덕수 의장의 발기에 의해 결성되었다. 일본 내의 사실상 조선민주주의인민공화국 대표부이다. 련합회는 총련의 강령과 규약을 승인하는 모든 재일 조선인에게 개방되어 있다. 중앙본부는 일본 도쿄도 지요다구 후지미 2-14-15에 있다. (ko) 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会（ざいにほんちょうせんじんそうれんごうかい）は、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国を支持する在日朝鮮人のうち、「主体（チュチェ）思想」を指導的指針としてすべての活動、運動を展開しているとする人々で構成される団体。 1945年（昭和20年）結成の在日朝鮮人連盟がGHQによって「暴力主義的団体」として解散させられた後、新たに設立された在日朝鮮統一民主戦線を経て1955年に設立。略称は朝鮮総聯（ちょうせんそうれん、チョソンチョンニョン、조선총련）で一般にこの名称で呼ばれることが多い。報道などでは朝鮮総連とも表記される。最高責任者は、2012年より許宗萬中央常任委員会議長が務める。 法人格がない「権利能力なき社団」。朝鮮総連中央議長を始めとする数名の幹部は北朝鮮の代議員（国会議員）を兼任している。過去に複数の元構成員が土台人となって北朝鮮問題に関与し、祖国防衛隊事件や文世光事件を引き起こした歴史的経緯から、公安調査庁から破壊活動防止法に基づく調査対象団体に指定されている。 (ja) Chongryon (Koreaans: 총련) is de Algemene Associatie van Koreaanse Ingezetenen in Japan. Het is een organisatie die zich inzet voor de in Japan. Hun hoofdkantoor is in Tokyo. Chongryon heeft zeer nauwe banden met Noord-Korea en is in feite de ambassade van Noord-Korea in Japan. Chongryon werd opgericht op 25 mei 1955 onder leiding van . De organisatie heeft heel wat scholen onder zijn leiding waar hun eigen curriculum van kracht is. De schoolreizen hebben dan ook meestal Pyongyang als bestemming. Vroeger werden de scholen gefinancierd door Noord-Korea, maar nu zorgen enkele lokale Japanse autoriteiten daar deels voor. De Japanse overheid gaat niet in op de vraag van Chongryon om de scholen met staatsgeld te steunen. Anderzijds heeft Chongryon ook een eigen uitgeverij en dagblad waarvan het bekendste The People’s Korea is. De organisatie bezit ook nog recreatiecentra, de Federation of Traders and Industrialists in Japan en de Federation of Korean Credit Associations. De laatste organisatie alleen al heeft een kapitaal dat meer dan 2,5 miljard yen bedraagt. Vele leden van Chongryon hebben ook een Zuid-Koreaanse identiteitskaart. Voor Zuid-Korea is dit geen probleem want volgens hen zijn alle inwoners van Noord-Korea ook inwoners van Zuid-Korea. Er bestaat heel wat controverse rond deze organisatie. Zo is de Japanse politie al meerdere keren voorzieningen van Chongryon binnengevallen waaronder ook het hoofdkwartier in Tokyo. Ook verdenkt men de organisatie van zwart geld te smokkelen naar Noord-Korea om de economie te steunen, maar daar heeft men nog geen staalhard bewijs van. (nl) L'Associazione generale dei residenti coreani in Giappone (chosŏngŭl: 재일본 조선인 총련합회, Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe; kanji: 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会, Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai), abbreviato in Ch'ongryŏn (chosŏngŭl: 총련총련, Hanja: 總聯總聯) o Chōsen Sōren (giapponese: 朝鮮総連, 朝鮮総連?), è una delle due principali organizzazioni per i zainichi (coreani residenti in Giappone) e ha stretti contatti con la Corea del Nord. Poiché non esistono delle relazioni diplomatiche tra i due Paesi, l'associazione ha funzionato come un'ambasciata nordcoreana in Giappone. I membri della Ch'ongryŏn sono prevalentemente cittadini che hanno mantenuto la loro registrazione come , invece di ottenere o essere nati con la cittadinanza giapponese o sudcoreana. Il Chōsen-seki era uno status legale con il quale il governo giapponese definì nel periodo successivo della seconda guerra mondiale, quando il governo della penisola coreana era ancora indeterminato. Fino alla fine del secondo conflitto mondiale, la Corea era sotto il dominio giapponese ed essendo parte dell'Impero, la cittadinanza dei coreani sia in Giappone che in Corea era quella giapponese. L'altra organizzazione principale è la , l'Unione dei residenti coreani in Giappone, e riunisce gli zainichi che hanno adottato la cittadinanza sudcoreana. Attualmente, nel totale di 610 000 coreani residenti in Giappone che non hanno adottato la cittadinanza giapponese, il 25% sono membri della Ch'ongryŏn mentre il 65% è iscritto nella Mindan. I forti legami della Ch'ongryŏn con la Corea del Nord, la sua aderenza all'ideologia Juche e l'opposizione all'integrazione dei coreani nella società giapponese, sono aspetti che rendono tale organizzazione la più controversa tra le due in Giappone. La sede della Ch'ongryŏn è situata a Chiyoda, e sono presenti degli uffici e delle filiali nelle prefetture e regioni di tutto il Giappone. Tuttavia, l'organizzazione si è trovata in gravi difficoltà finanziarie, con debiti per oltre 750 milioni $, ed è stata costretta dal tribunale nel 2012 a vendere la maggior parte delle sue attività, compresa la sede di Tokyo. Esistono numerose organizzazioni affiliate alla Ch'ongryŏn, tra cui 18 organi di propaganda di massa e 23 imprese commerciali. Uno dei settori aziendali più importanti è il pachinko. Gestisce inoltre circa 60 scuole coreane e un'università coreana, oltre a banche e altre strutture in Giappone. I cinque maggiori ufficiali della Ch'ongryŏn sono membri anche dell'Assemblea popolare suprema in Corea del Nord. Il 23 febbraio 2018, la sede della Ch'ongryŏn è stata il bersaglio di un attacco durante il quale due persone su un furgone avevano aperto il fuoco contro l'edificio prima delle 4 del mattino. Alla fine furono arrestati dalla polizia e identificati come Satoshi Katsurada, un attivista di destra, e Yoshinori Kawamura, un ex membro dello yakuza confermato come il responsabile per aver sparato i cinque colpi con la pistola. (it) A Associação Geral de Residentes Coreanos no Japão (em coreano: 재일본조선인총련합회 Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe; japonês: 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai), abreviada para Chongryon (coreano: 총련; japonês: 朝鮮総連) ou ainda Chōsen Sōren, (coreano: 조선총련; japonês: 朝鮮総連) é uma das duas principais organizações para coreanos no Japão (conhecidos como Zainichi) e tem laços estreitos com a República Popular Democrática da Coreia. Como não há relações diplomáticas entre os dois Estados, ela tem funcionado como a embaixada de facto da Coreia do Norte no Japão. A Associação apoia a Coreia do Norte e suas atividades e movimentos são guiados pela ideologia Juche. A sede da Chongryon é localizada em Chiyoda, Tóquio, e há escritórios e filiais nas províncias e regionais em todo o Japão. No entanto, a organização enfrentou sérios problemas financeiros, com dívidas de mais de 750 milhões de dólares, e foi condenada pelo tribunal em 2012 a se desfazer da maioria de seus ativos, incluindo sua sede em Tóquio. É dirigida por Ho Jong-man, Presidente do Comité Central Permanente, desde 2012. Chongryon é a segunda organização de residentes coreanos no Japão atrás do grupo Mindan, favorável à Coreia do Sul e à integração dos coreanos na cultura japonesa. Ao longo de sua história, a organização teve várias disputas com o Governo do Japão sobre a colaboração da Chongryon com a Coreia do Norte e seu suposto envolvimento em sequestros de cidadãos japoneses na década de 1970 e posteriores. A associação administra escolas, universidades, empresas, bancos e clubes esportivos juvenis. (pt) 旅日朝鲜人总联合会（朝鲜语：재일본 조선인 총련합회／在日本朝鮮人總聯合會 Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe（马赖式）／Jae Ilbon Joseonin Chongryeonhaphoe（文观部式） */?，日语：在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai），简称朝鲜总联（朝鲜语：조선총련／朝鮮總聯 Chosŏn Ch'ongryŏn（马赖式）／Joseon Chongryeon（文观部式） ?，日语：朝鮮総聯 Chōsen Sōren），亦简称总联，是一个位于日本的朝鲜人组织。由于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国与日本并没有建立正式的外交关系，此组织事实上承担着维持日朝两国外交关系的角色。部分朝鲜总联高官会取得朝鲜最高人民会议的官职。目前的主席許宗萬以及其他5位高级官员都是朝鲜最高人民会议的议员。 总联的总部位于东京都千代田区，其在日本各地都有支部。总联在日本支持着很多机构，包括十八家媒体，二十三家企业。这其中包括了著名的弹珠机产业。总联开设了60所“朝鲜学校”以及1所“朝鲜大学校”，以及银行等其他机构。 朝鮮總聯在日本名義上屬於沒有法人資格的無權力社團，因曾涉及間諜工作、文世光事件、祖國防衛隊事件等問題，目前朝鮮總聯是日本公安調査廳基於《》的調查對象團體之一。另外，朝鮮總聯被揭露與北韓綁架日本人事件有關，但朝鮮總聯對此予以否認，並指稱綁架問題是安倍政權進行民族壓迫的一種方式。 (zh) Ассоциация северокорейских граждан в Японии (яп. 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会, кор. 재일본 조선인 총련합회, сокр. 조총련, Чочхоллён, иногда также Чхоллён) — общественная организация корейской диаспоры. Возникла в 1955 году, находится под контролем спецслужб КНДР. В связи с тем, что Япония отказывалась предоставлять японское подданство корейцам, насильственно вывезенным в метрополию во время Второй мировой войны, ассоциация Чочхоннён активно агитировала за то, чтобы те принимали северокорейское гражданство. В настоящее время Чочхоннён контролирует почти весь бизнес этнических корейцев в Японии, а кроме того — ряд корейскоязычных образовательных учреждений, где в обязательном порядке изучается идеология «чучхе». Под давлением Чочхоннён более 100 000 корейцев переехали из Японии в КНДР; вернуться обратно они не смогли. Политика, производимая Чочхоннён, официально называлось «гуманизмом и человеколюбием». Процесс репатриации продолжался вплоть до 1984 года с единичной паузой на три с половиной года. Часть из репатриантов была сослана в концлагеря. Однако валюта, которую пересылали и пересылают «репатриантам» оставшиеся в Японии родственники, служит одним из источников финансирования северокорейского режима. Поскольку Япония официально не имеет дипломатических отношений с Северной Кореей, Чочхоннён фактически представляет интересы КНДР в Японии. (ru) |
| dbo:foundingDate | 1955-03-30 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:keyPerson | dbr:Han_Duk-su |
| dbo:language | dbr:Korean_language |
| dbo:leaderFunction | dbr:Chongryon__PersonFunction__1 |
| dbo:location | dbr:Chiyoda,_Tokyo |
| dbo:parentOrganisation | dbr:Workers'_Party_of_Korea |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Chongryon_HQ_Tokyo.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://liberationschool.org/the-chongryon-movement-the-struggle-of-koreans-in-japan http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2510347.stm http://apjjf.org/2016/15/Ryang.html |
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| dbp:abbreviation | Ch'ongryŏn, Chōsen Sōren (en) |
| dbp:caption | Former headquarters of Ch'ongryŏn, Chiyoda, Tokyo (en) |
| dbp:date | June 2022 (en) |
| dbp:formation | 1955-03-30 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:iboxOrder | ja, ko1, ko4, ko3 (en) |
| dbp:kanji | 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 or 在日本朝鮮人総連合会 (en) |
| dbp:keyPeople | Han Duk-su, founder (en) |
| dbp:language | Korean, Japanese (en) |
| dbp:leaderName | Pak Ku-ho (en) |
| dbp:leaderTitle | Chairman (en) |
| dbp:location | Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan (en) |
| dbp:mainOrgan | General Assembly (en) |
| dbp:name | General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (en) |
| dbp:nkhangul | 재일본조선인총련합회 (en) |
| dbp:nkhanja | 在日本朝鮮人總聯合會 (en) |
| dbp:nkmr | Chaeilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe (en) |
| dbp:nkrr | Jaeilbon Joseonin Chongnyeonhaphoe (en) |
| dbp:parentOrganization | dbr:Workers'_Party_of_Korea |
| dbp:predecessor | Minsen (en) |
| dbp:regionServed | Japan (en) |
| dbp:revhep | Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai (en) |
| dbp:section | top (en) |
| dbp:title | Ch'ongryŏn (en) |
| dbp:type | NGO (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | L'Association générale des Coréens résidant au Japon (en hangeul coréen : 재일본조선인총연합회, Jae ilbon joseonin chongryeonhaphoe, abrégée en Chongryon ; en japonais : 在日本朝鮮人総連合会, Zai nihon chōsenjin sōrengōkai) regroupe 35 % des quelques 613 791 Coréens résidant au Japon. La Chongryon, actuellement présidée par Ho Jong-man, est le principal relais d'influence de la Corée du Nord au sein de la diaspora coréenne au Japon. (fr) Asosiasi Utama Penduduk Korea di Jepang (Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe dalam bahasa Korea atau Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai dalam bahasa Jepang), atau disingkat Chongryon (Korea: 총련,Hanja: 總聯) atau Chōsen Sōren (Jepang: 朝鮮総連), adalah salah satu dari dua organisasi utara untuk Zainichi (atau Jaeil) Korea (istilah dari orang Korea yang bermukim di Jepang), dan memiliki hubungan dekat dengan Korea Utara (DPRK). Karena tidak ada , organisasi tersebut digunakan sebagai kedutaan de facto Korea Utara di Jepang. (in) 재일본조선인총련합회(在日本朝鮮人總聯合會，일본어: 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 자이니혼초센진소렌고카이[*])는 일본에 있는 조선민주주의인민공화국에 강한 소속감을 갖는 재일 조선인의 단체이다. 약칭은 조선총련(朝鮮總聯), 총련(總聯)이며, 대한민국에서는 조총련(朝総聯)이라고 부른다. 재일본조선인련맹을 모태로 1955년 5월 25일 ~ 5월 26일 도쿄도 다이토구 아사쿠사 공회당에서 한덕수 의장의 발기에 의해 결성되었다. 일본 내의 사실상 조선민주주의인민공화국 대표부이다. 련합회는 총련의 강령과 규약을 승인하는 모든 재일 조선인에게 개방되어 있다. 중앙본부는 일본 도쿄도 지요다구 후지미 2-14-15에 있다. (ko) 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会（ざいにほんちょうせんじんそうれんごうかい）は、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国を支持する在日朝鮮人のうち、「主体（チュチェ）思想」を指導的指針としてすべての活動、運動を展開しているとする人々で構成される団体。 1945年（昭和20年）結成の在日朝鮮人連盟がGHQによって「暴力主義的団体」として解散させられた後、新たに設立された在日朝鮮統一民主戦線を経て1955年に設立。略称は朝鮮総聯（ちょうせんそうれん、チョソンチョンニョン、조선총련）で一般にこの名称で呼ばれることが多い。報道などでは朝鮮総連とも表記される。最高責任者は、2012年より許宗萬中央常任委員会議長が務める。 法人格がない「権利能力なき社団」。朝鮮総連中央議長を始めとする数名の幹部は北朝鮮の代議員（国会議員）を兼任している。過去に複数の元構成員が土台人となって北朝鮮問題に関与し、祖国防衛隊事件や文世光事件を引き起こした歴史的経緯から、公安調査庁から破壊活動防止法に基づく調査対象団体に指定されている。 (ja) The General Association of Korean Residents in Japan, abbreviated as Chongryon (Korean: 총련, Hanja: 總聯) or Chōsen Sōren (Japanese: 朝鮮総連), is one of two main organisations for Zainichi (or Jaeil) Koreans (Korean citizens or residents of Japan) and has close ties to North Korea (DPRK). As there are no diplomatic relations between the two states, it has functioned as North Korea's de facto embassy in Japan. The organisation is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and there are prefectural and regional head offices and branches throughout Japan. (en) La Asociación general de coreanos residentes en Japón (en coreano 재일본 조선인 총련합회, Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe), más conocida por la abreviación Chongryon (en coreano 총련) o Chōsen Sōren (en japonés, 朝鮮総連), es una organización de personas de etnia coreana que residen en Japón. El grupo mantiene estrechos vínculos con Corea del Norte y funciona como su embajada de facto en el país nipón. (es) Ch’ongryŏn (kor. 총련, 總聯), auch Chōsen Sōren (jap. 朝鮮総連) genannt, ist eine Organisation für in Japan lebende Koreaner (Zainichi-Koreaner), die Nordkorea nahesteht. Ihr Gegenstück ist die Vereinigung Mindan, die mit Südkorea verbunden ist. Der Ch’ongryŏn wurde am 25. Mai 1955 von Han Tok-su (한덕수, 韓德銖) gegründet. Von den 610.000 Koreanern in Japan stehen etwa ein Drittel dem Ch’ongryŏn nahe (1991 hatte sie etwa 244.000 Mitglieder), zwei Drittel der Mindan. (de) L'Associazione generale dei residenti coreani in Giappone (chosŏngŭl: 재일본 조선인 총련합회, Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe; kanji: 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会, Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai), abbreviato in Ch'ongryŏn (chosŏngŭl: 총련총련, Hanja: 總聯總聯) o Chōsen Sōren (giapponese: 朝鮮総連, 朝鮮総連?), è una delle due principali organizzazioni per i zainichi (coreani residenti in Giappone) e ha stretti contatti con la Corea del Nord. Poiché non esistono delle relazioni diplomatiche tra i due Paesi, l'associazione ha funzionato come un'ambasciata nordcoreana in Giappone. (it) Chongryon (Koreaans: 총련) is de Algemene Associatie van Koreaanse Ingezetenen in Japan. Het is een organisatie die zich inzet voor de in Japan. Hun hoofdkantoor is in Tokyo. Chongryon heeft zeer nauwe banden met Noord-Korea en is in feite de ambassade van Noord-Korea in Japan. (nl) A Associação Geral de Residentes Coreanos no Japão (em coreano: 재일본조선인총련합회 Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe; japonês: 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai), abreviada para Chongryon (coreano: 총련; japonês: 朝鮮総連) ou ainda Chōsen Sōren, (coreano: 조선총련; japonês: 朝鮮総連) é uma das duas principais organizações para coreanos no Japão (conhecidos como Zainichi) e tem laços estreitos com a República Popular Democrática da Coreia. Como não há relações diplomáticas entre os dois Estados, ela tem funcionado como a embaixada de facto da Coreia do Norte no Japão. A Associação apoia a Coreia do Norte e suas atividades e movimentos são guiados pela ideologia Juche. (pt) Ассоциация северокорейских граждан в Японии (яп. 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会, кор. 재일본 조선인 총련합회, сокр. 조총련, Чочхоллён, иногда также Чхоллён) — общественная организация корейской диаспоры. Возникла в 1955 году, находится под контролем спецслужб КНДР. В связи с тем, что Япония отказывалась предоставлять японское подданство корейцам, насильственно вывезенным в метрополию во время Второй мировой войны, ассоциация Чочхоннён активно агитировала за то, чтобы те принимали северокорейское гражданство. В настоящее время Чочхоннён контролирует почти весь бизнес этнических корейцев в Японии, а кроме того — ряд корейскоязычных образовательных учреждений, где в обязательном порядке изучается идеология «чучхе». Под давлением Чочхоннён более 100 000 корейцев переехали из Японии в КНДР; вернуться обратно они не смогли. По (ru) 旅日朝鲜人总联合会（朝鲜语：재일본 조선인 총련합회／在日本朝鮮人總聯合會 Chae Ilbon Chosŏnin Ch'ongryŏnhaphoe（马赖式）／Jae Ilbon Joseonin Chongryeonhaphoe（文观部式） */?，日语：在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 Zai-Nihon Chōsenjin Sōrengōkai），简称朝鲜总联（朝鲜语：조선총련／朝鮮總聯 Chosŏn Ch'ongryŏn（马赖式）／Joseon Chongryeon（文观部式） ?，日语：朝鮮総聯 Chōsen Sōren），亦简称总联，是一个位于日本的朝鲜人组织。由于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国与日本并没有建立正式的外交关系，此组织事实上承担着维持日朝两国外交关系的角色。部分朝鲜总联高官会取得朝鲜最高人民会议的官职。目前的主席許宗萬以及其他5位高级官员都是朝鲜最高人民会议的议员。 总联的总部位于东京都千代田区，其在日本各地都有支部。总联在日本支持着很多机构，包括十八家媒体，二十三家企业。这其中包括了著名的弹珠机产业。总联开设了60所“朝鲜学校”以及1所“朝鲜大学校”，以及银行等其他机构。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Ch’ongryŏn (de) Chongryon (en) Chongryon (es) Chongryon (fr) Chongryon (in) Ch'ongryŏn (it) 재일본조선인총련합회 (ko) 在日本朝鮮人総聯合会 (ja) Chongryon (nl) Chongryon (pt) Ассоциация северокорейских граждан в Японии (ru) 旅日朝鲜人总联合会 (zh) |
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