Convoys HX 229/SC 122 (original) (raw)

dbo:abstract

During the Battle of the Atlantic, British merchant shipping was formed into convoys for protection against German submarine attack. In March 1943 convoys HX 229 and SC 122 were the focus of the largest convoy battle of the war. Kriegsmarine tactics against convoys employed multiple-submarine wolfpack tactics in nearly simultaneous surface attacks at night. Patrolling aircraft restricted the ability of submarines to converge on convoys during daylight. The North Atlantic winters offered the longest periods of darkness to conceal surfaced submarine operations. The winter of 1942–43 saw the largest number of submarines deployed to the mid-Atlantic before comprehensive anti-submarine aircraft patrols could be extended into that area. During March, there was a series of fierce convoy battles which became, for the Allies, the crisis point of the whole campaign. One hundred merchant ships in trade convoys HX 229 and SC 122 encountered three wolfpacks of 38 submarines in a single sprawling action, which German radio reported as "the greatest convoy battle of all time" (Die grösste Geleitzugschlacht aller Zeiten). A Royal Navy report later concluded "The Germans never came so near to disrupting communications between the New World and the Old as in the first 20 days of March 1943". (en)
Der Geleitzug HX 229 war ein alliierter Geleitzug der HX-Geleitzugserie zur Versorgung Großbritanniens im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Er fuhr am 8. März 1943 in New York ab und traf am 23. März in Liverpool ein. Die Alliierten verloren durch deutsche U-Boote 13 Frachtschiffe mit 93.502 BRT, während auf deutscher Seite ein U-Boot verloren ging. Damit war der HX 229 der verlustreichste HX-Geleitzug. (de)
L'attacco ai convogli Alleati HX-229 e SC-122, portato da tre mute di U-Boot tedeschi, avvenuto nell'Atlantico del nord tra il 16 ed il 19 marzo 1943, fu la più grande battaglia della seconda guerra mondiale condotta tra le unità sottomarine della Kriegsmarine e quelle della Royal Navy di scorta ai mercantili, che si concluse con la perdita di 22 mercantili contro un solo U-Boot affondato; l'attacco ai due convogli costituì l'ultimo grande successo di parte tedesca della battaglia dell'Atlantico, nella cosiddetta guerra dei convogli. (it)
HX-229 was een geallieerd scheepskonvooi tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Het konvooi bestond uit 37 vrachtschepen van verscheidene nationaliteiten. Het grote en snelle konvooi HX-229 vertrok vanuit Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada - New York naar Groot-Brittannië over de Noord-Atlantische Oceaan. Tussen 16 maart en 19 maart 1943 werd het konvooi door Duitse U-boten aangevallen, bestaande uit drie "Wolfpack"-groepen, de Gruppe Raubgraf, met 10 U-boten, Gruppe Dränger, 11 U-boten en Gruppe Stürmer, 18 U-boten. Verder waren er nog 4 U-boten die niet ingedeeld waren bij deze groepen maar die wel deelnamen aan de konvooislag. In totaal werd konvooi HX-229 en later, met het ingehaalde en tragere konvooi SC-122, samen aangevallen door 41 Duitse onderzeeërs. (nl)

dbo:causalties

1 U-Boat destroyed
7 damaged

dbo:combatant

25pxUnited Kingdom

dbo:commander

dbr:Admiral

dbo:date

1943-03-19 (xsd:date)

dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict

dbr:World_War_II

dbo:result

German Victory

dbo:strength

50 ships, 5 escorts
60 ships, 8 escorts
Dränger 11 U-boats
HX229:
Raubgraf 10 U-boats
SC122:
Stürmer 18 U-boats
Total: 39
plus reinforcements

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dbp:casualties

1 (xsd:integer)
7 (xsd:integer)
9 (xsd:integer)
13 (xsd:integer)
HX229: (en)
SC122: (en)

dbp:combatant

25 (xsd:integer)

dbp:commander

dbr:Admiral
dbr:Karl_Dönitz
B4 Group: GJ Luther; later EC Day (en)
B5 Group: RC Boyle (en)

dbp:conflict

Convoy HX 229 /SC 122 (en)

dbp:date

0001-03-19 (xsd:gMonthDay)

dbp:partof

dbr:World_War_II

dbp:place

North Atlantic (en)

dbp:result

German Victory (en)

dbp:strength

50 (xsd:integer)
60 (xsd:integer)
Dränger 11 U-boats Total: 39 (en)
HX229: (en)
Raubgraf 10 U-boats (en)
SC122: (en)
Stürmer 18 U-boats (en)
plus reinforcements (en)

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50.6333 -34.7667

rdf:type

rdfs:comment

Der Geleitzug HX 229 war ein alliierter Geleitzug der HX-Geleitzugserie zur Versorgung Großbritanniens im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Er fuhr am 8. März 1943 in New York ab und traf am 23. März in Liverpool ein. Die Alliierten verloren durch deutsche U-Boote 13 Frachtschiffe mit 93.502 BRT, während auf deutscher Seite ein U-Boot verloren ging. Damit war der HX 229 der verlustreichste HX-Geleitzug. (de)
L'attacco ai convogli Alleati HX-229 e SC-122, portato da tre mute di U-Boot tedeschi, avvenuto nell'Atlantico del nord tra il 16 ed il 19 marzo 1943, fu la più grande battaglia della seconda guerra mondiale condotta tra le unità sottomarine della Kriegsmarine e quelle della Royal Navy di scorta ai mercantili, che si concluse con la perdita di 22 mercantili contro un solo U-Boot affondato; l'attacco ai due convogli costituì l'ultimo grande successo di parte tedesca della battaglia dell'Atlantico, nella cosiddetta guerra dei convogli. (it)
HX-229 was een geallieerd scheepskonvooi tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Het konvooi bestond uit 37 vrachtschepen van verscheidene nationaliteiten. Het grote en snelle konvooi HX-229 vertrok vanuit Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada - New York naar Groot-Brittannië over de Noord-Atlantische Oceaan. Tussen 16 maart en 19 maart 1943 werd het konvooi door Duitse U-boten aangevallen, bestaande uit drie "Wolfpack"-groepen, de Gruppe Raubgraf, met 10 U-boten, Gruppe Dränger, 11 U-boten en Gruppe Stürmer, 18 U-boten. Verder waren er nog 4 U-boten die niet ingedeeld waren bij deze groepen maar die wel deelnamen aan de konvooislag. In totaal werd konvooi HX-229 en later, met het ingehaalde en tragere konvooi SC-122, samen aangevallen door 41 Duitse onderzeeërs. (nl)
During the Battle of the Atlantic, British merchant shipping was formed into convoys for protection against German submarine attack. In March 1943 convoys HX 229 and SC 122 were the focus of the largest convoy battle of the war. Kriegsmarine tactics against convoys employed multiple-submarine wolfpack tactics in nearly simultaneous surface attacks at night. Patrolling aircraft restricted the ability of submarines to converge on convoys during daylight. The North Atlantic winters offered the longest periods of darkness to conceal surfaced submarine operations. The winter of 1942–43 saw the largest number of submarines deployed to the mid-Atlantic before comprehensive anti-submarine aircraft patrols could be extended into that area. (en)

rdfs:label