Duplicate bridge (original) (raw)
Le bridge de compétition ou bridge en duplicate est une version du bridge encadré par des règles précises et pratiqué en compétition par plus de 100 000 personnes en France. Ses règles sont définies par la Fédération mondiale de bridge.
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| dbo:abstract | Turnirbriĝo estas variantode la kartludo briĝo.Tiun varianton oni ludasen briĝturniroj kaj briĝkluboj.La celo de distingoj disde robrobriĝo estasminimumigi la influon de hazardosur la rezultojn. Plej ofte en turnirbriĝo konkursas duopoj de ludantojaŭ teamoj, konsistantaj el du duopoj.Samtempe ludas minimume ok ludantoj,po du duopoj ĉe ĉiu tablo. Tuto de la 13 kartoj, donitaj al unu ludanto,estas nomata mano.La samaj manoj estas uzataj plurfoje,kaj gajnas tiuj, kiuj atingas pli bonan rezulton,ol aliaj konkursantoj, ludintaj per la samaj kartoj. Aŭkcio kaj kartludado okazassame, kiel en robrobriĝo,kun la nura escepto, ke dum kartludadokartoj ne estas kunmetitaj en prenojn,sed ĉiu ludanto kolektas siajn kartojn,jam "metitajn en prenojn",sur la tablo antaŭ sipor ne detrui la disdonon.La kartoj kuŝas kun facoj malsupren,ilia direkto indikas, kiu duopo gajnisla respondan prenon. (eo) Duplicate bridge is a variation of contract bridge where the same set of bridge deals (i.e. the distribution of the 52 cards among the four hands) are played by different competitors, and scoring is based on relative performance. In this way, every hand, whether strong or weak, is played in competition with others playing identical cards, and the element of skill is heightened while that of chance is reduced. This stands in contrast to Bridge played without duplication, where each hand is freshly dealt and where scores may be more affected by chance in the short run. Four-way card holders known as Bridge boards are used to enable each player's hand to be preserved from table to table, and final scores are calculated by comparing each pair's result with others who played the same hand. In duplicate bridge, players normally play all the hands with the same partner, and compete either as a partnership (in a 'Pairs tournament') or on a team with one or more other partnerships ('Teams tournament' - players are usually allowed to change partner within their team at any point if they wish). 'Individual tournaments' also exist, in which players change partnerships regularly during the tournament and are ranked on their personal performance. (en) Le bridge de compétition ou bridge en duplicate est une version du bridge encadré par des règles précises et pratiqué en compétition par plus de 100 000 personnes en France. Ses règles sont définies par la Fédération mondiale de bridge. (fr) Il bridge duplicato è la variante più comune del gioco del bridge, usata principalmente nei club e nelle competizioni. Si chiama duplicato perché la stessa mano (vale a dire la stessa distribuzione di carte) viene duplicata in tutti i tavoli della sala. I giocatori si trovano quindi a giocare in concorrenza con altri che hanno le stesse identiche carte; in questo modo viene esaltato il confronto fra l'abilità dei giocatori e quasi completamente esclusa l'incidenza della fortuna.Il bridge duplicato è alternativo alla partita libera nella quale ogni mano è una nuova distribuzione casuale e il punteggio dipende tanto dalle carte ricevute quanto dall'abilità dei giocatori. Per garantire che la mano di ogni giocatore venga passata intatta al tavolo successivo, vengono utilizzati degli appositi astucci con quattro scompartimenti (indicati col termine inglese di boards). Il punteggio finale viene calcolato confrontando i punteggi di ciascuna coppia con le altre coppie che hanno giocato la stessa mano. Per facilitare il meccanismo della dichiarazione e ridurre il rumore nella sala, vengono usati degli appositi cartoncini (indicati col termine inglese di '). Nel bridge duplicato normalmente un giocatore gioca con lo stesso compagno per tutto un evento e i due formano una coppia. Ci sono due eccezioni: una competizione a squadre con cinque o sei elementi che si scambiano il compagno per segmenti della competizione, e i tornei individuali, in cui i giocatori scambiano il compagno ad ogni turno. Per impedire che i giocatori si scambino volontariamente o involontariamente informazioni con cenni o espressioni del viso, nelle competizioni più importanti i tavoli sono attraversati da un sipario situato obliquamente in modo che i compagni non si vedano. La dichiarazione avviene passando attraverso una fessura un carrello contenente i cartoncini delle chiamate, mentre per il gioco della carta viene aperto un piccolo sportello che consente a tutti di vedere il centro del tavolo. (it) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Bridge-Großschlemm.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.ebu.co.uk https://web.archive.org/web/20130730164804/http:/www.acbl.org/assets/documents/play/Laws-of-Duplicate-Bridge.pdf http://ptaff.ca/bridge/duplicata/%3Flang=en_CA http://www.worldbridge.org/Data/Sites/1/media/documents/laws/2007lawscomplete.pdf http://www.bridgehands.com/Laws/ACBL/Duplicate/index.htm http://www.acbl.org http://www.eurobridge.org http://www.worldbridge.org https://archive.org/details/duplicatewhist00mitcgoog%7Cpublisher |
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| dbo:wikiPageLength | 31946 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1124213637 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Scrabble dbr:English_Bridge_Union dbr:Board_(bridge) dbr:Deutscher_Bridge_Verband dbr:Duplicate_Scrabble dbr:Duplicate_poker dbr:Contract_bridge dbr:Memory dbr:Caddy_(bridge) dbr:Single-elimination_tournament dbr:Communication dbr:Australia dbr:Central_America dbr:Richard_P._Powell dbr:Africa dbr:Europe dbr:Far_East dbr:Bridge_convention dbr:Bridge_scoring dbr:North_America dbr:John_T._Mitchell dbr:Probability dbr:Asia dbc:Contract_bridge dbr:Bidding_box dbr:Bidding_system dbr:Swiss_tournament dbr:Edwin_C_Howell_(whist_and_bridge_player) dbr:Bye_(sports) dbr:Poker dbr:South_America dbr:Oceania dbr:Rubber_bridge dbr:Round-robin_tournament dbr:Sacrifice_(bridge) dbr:Screen_(bridge) dbr:Signal_(bridge) dbr:Whist dbr:World_Bridge_Federation dbr:Tickets_to_the_Devil dbr:Safety_play dbr:Wikt:tactics dbr:Sports_governing_body dbr:Swiss_system_tournament dbr:French_deck dbr:Contract_bridge_glossary dbr:File:Duplicate_bridge_score_sheet.jpg dbr:File:BridgeTournamentPlayingArea.jpg |
| dbp:altNames | Tournament bridge (en) |
| dbp:cardRank | A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 (en) |
| dbp:deck | dbr:French_deck |
| dbp:imageCaption | Bridge declarer play in a duplicate tournament (en) |
| dbp:imageLink | Bridge-Großschlemm.JPG (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 320 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:numCards | 52 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:play | Clockwise (en) |
| dbp:players | 8 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:playingTime | 450.0 (dbd:second) |
| dbp:randomChance | Very Low (en) |
| dbp:related | dbr:Contract_bridge |
| dbp:sign | dbr:John_T._Mitchell Cavendish (en) |
| dbp:skills | dbr:Memory dbr:Communication dbr:Probability dbr:Wikt:tactics |
| dbp:source | Card Table Talk (en) |
| dbp:text | The writer has it on good authority that it was played in Berlin and Paris as far back as 1840, and later in Philadelphia and New York... (en) ...that this experiment does not altogether eliminate luck, as bad play sometimes succeeds. But by far the greater part of luck, namely, that due to the superiority of winning cards, is by the plan described quite got rid of. (en) |
| dbp:title | Duplicate Bridge (en) |
| dbp:type | Trick-taking (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:As_of dbt:Cite_book dbt:Infobox_card_game dbt:Main dbt:Quote dbt:See_also dbt:Short_description dbt:WPCBIndex |
| dct:subject | dbc:Contract_bridge |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Act100030358 yago:Activity100407535 yago:CardGame100488225 yago:Event100029378 yago:Game100455599 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity |
| rdfs:comment | Le bridge de compétition ou bridge en duplicate est une version du bridge encadré par des règles précises et pratiqué en compétition par plus de 100 000 personnes en France. Ses règles sont définies par la Fédération mondiale de bridge. (fr) Turnirbriĝo estas variantode la kartludo briĝo.Tiun varianton oni ludasen briĝturniroj kaj briĝkluboj.La celo de distingoj disde robrobriĝo estasminimumigi la influon de hazardosur la rezultojn. Plej ofte en turnirbriĝo konkursas duopoj de ludantojaŭ teamoj, konsistantaj el du duopoj.Samtempe ludas minimume ok ludantoj,po du duopoj ĉe ĉiu tablo. Tuto de la 13 kartoj, donitaj al unu ludanto,estas nomata mano.La samaj manoj estas uzataj plurfoje,kaj gajnas tiuj, kiuj atingas pli bonan rezulton,ol aliaj konkursantoj, ludintaj per la samaj kartoj. (eo) Duplicate bridge is a variation of contract bridge where the same set of bridge deals (i.e. the distribution of the 52 cards among the four hands) are played by different competitors, and scoring is based on relative performance. In this way, every hand, whether strong or weak, is played in competition with others playing identical cards, and the element of skill is heightened while that of chance is reduced. This stands in contrast to Bridge played without duplication, where each hand is freshly dealt and where scores may be more affected by chance in the short run. (en) Il bridge duplicato è la variante più comune del gioco del bridge, usata principalmente nei club e nelle competizioni. Si chiama duplicato perché la stessa mano (vale a dire la stessa distribuzione di carte) viene duplicata in tutti i tavoli della sala. I giocatori si trovano quindi a giocare in concorrenza con altri che hanno le stesse identiche carte; in questo modo viene esaltato il confronto fra l'abilità dei giocatori e quasi completamente esclusa l'incidenza della fortuna.Il bridge duplicato è alternativo alla partita libera nella quale ogni mano è una nuova distribuzione casuale e il punteggio dipende tanto dalle carte ricevute quanto dall'abilità dei giocatori. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Turnirbriĝo (eo) Bridge de compétition (fr) Duplicate bridge (en) Bridge duplicato (it) Brydż sportowy (pl) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Duplicate_bridge_movements dbr:Bridge_scoring |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Duplicate bridge wikidata:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-eo:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-fi:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-fr:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-it:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-no:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-pl:Duplicate bridge dbpedia-sr:Duplicate bridge https://global.dbpedia.org/id/2NCXM |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Duplicate_bridge?oldid=1124213637&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Bridge-Großschlemm.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/BridgeTournamentPlayingArea.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Duplicate_bridge_score_sheet.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Duplicate_bridge |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Bridge_(disambiguation) |
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| is dbp:related of | dbr:Contract_bridge |
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