Fengtian clique (original) (raw)
- Fengtianská klika (zjednodušená čínština: 奉系军阀; tradiční čínština: 奉系軍閥; Pchin-jin: Fèng Xì Jūnfá) byla v letech 1911-1928 vojenská klika se sídlem v Mandžusku. Byla pojmenována podle města Feng-tchien (Mukden), kde se nacházelo její velitelství. (cs)
- La camarilla de Fengtian (en chino, 奉系; pinyin, Feng Xi) fue una de las diversas camarillas o facciones político-militares hostiles entre sí que surgieron de la camarilla de Beiyang en la época de los caudillos militares a comienzos del periodo republicano. (es)
- The Fengtian clique (Chinese: 奉系军阀; pinyin: Fèngxì Jūnfá) was one of several opposing military factions that constituted the early Republic of China during its Warlord Era. It was named after Fengtian Province (now Liaoning), and operated from a territorial base comprising the three northeastern provinces that made up Manchuria. Warlord Zhang Zuolin, known as the "Old Marshal," led the clique with support from Japan. Following the Zhili–Anhui War of 1920 and 1921, the Fengtian Clique exercised control of Beijing and the national government jointly with the Zhili clique. Tensions soon began building between the two, resulting in clashes for control of Beijing known as the First Zhili–Fengtian War (1922). The Second (1924) Zhili–Fengtian War started later over the Zhili invasion of the remnants of the Anhui clique, which had become allies of the Fengtian Clique, which resulted in a Fengtian victory, with the Zhili clique retreating as far South as Henan. The power of the Fengtian Clique began to decrease in the midst of the Kuomintang's Northern Expedition. In 1928, while he was retreating North, Zhang Zuolin's Japanese sponsors blew up his train, killing him. After the assassination, his son, Zhang Xueliang, took over the leadership of the clique, later pledging himself and his army to the Kuomintang government in Nanking. The remnants of the Fengtian Clique were made into the Northeastern Army, which was built after unification. (en)
- La Clique du Fengtian (奉系军阀, fèngxì jūnfá) désigne de manière informelle une faction armée mandchoue du Nord-Est de la Chine, active à l'époque de la première République de Chine durant la période des seigneurs de la guerre, et qui tire son nom de la province de Fengtian (奉天省, « province de Mukden »), en Mandchourie, aujourd'hui appelée Liaoning. (fr)
- Kelompok Fengtian (Hanzi sederhana: 奉系军阀; Hanzi tradisional: 奉系軍閥; Pinyin: Fèng Xì Jūnfá) adalah salah satu dari beberapa kelompok atau faksi yang saling bertikai yang terpecah dari Kelompok Beiyang di Republik Tiongkok pada era Panglima Perang. Kelompok tersebut diambil dari nama , sekarang menjadi Liaoning sejak 1929, dan beroperasi dari sebuah basis teritorial yang meliputi tiga provinsi timur laut yang meliputi Manchuria. Panglima perang Zhang Zuolin, yang dikenal sebagai "Marsekal Besar," memimpin kelompok tersebut dengan dukungan dari Jepang. Antara 1920 dan 1921, Kelompok Fengtian mengendalikan kota Beijing bersama-sama dengan Kelompok Zhili. Ketegangan segera mulai terjadi di antara keduanya, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya bentrokan untuk menguasai Beijing yang dikenal sebagai Pertempuran Zhili-Fengtian Pertama (1922) dan Pertempuran Zhili-Fengtian Kedua (1924). Kekuatan Kelompok Fengtian mulai berkurang pada tahun 1926-1927an di masa Ekspedisi Utara yang diluncurkan oleh Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek dari Partai Nasionalis Kuomintang. Pada tahun 1928, ketika Marsekal Besar Zhang Zuolin hendak mundur dari Utara, ia terbunuh saat gerbong kereta apinya diledakkan bom ketika sedang melintasi rel kereta api yang ada di bawah sebuah jembatan.Setelah pembunuhan itu, putranya yang bernama Zhang Xueliang, mengambil alih kepemimpinan kelompok itu, kemudian dia dan pasukannya berjanji untuk setia kepada pemerintahan Kuomintang di Nanking. dibangun setelah Reunifikasi Tiongkok tahun 1928. (in)
- La Cricca del Fengtian fu una delle numerose cricche o fazioni ostili che si scissero dall'Esercito Beiyang della Repubblica di Cina durante il Periodo dei signori della guerra. Fu chiamata così per la (ora Liaoning) e gestita da una base territoriale comprendente le tre province nord-orientali che costituivano la Manciuria. Fu guidata dal signore della guerra Zhang Zuolin noto come il "Grande Maresciallo" che fu supportato dal Giappone. Tra il 1920 e il 1921 esercitò il controllo su Pechino insieme alla Cricca di Zhili. Tuttavia le tensioni iniziarono presto a manifestarsi tra le due cricche e la Cricca del Fengtian si scontrò con la Cricca di Zhili per il controllo di Pechino nella Prima guerra Zhili-Fengtian (1922) e nella Seconda guerra Zhili-Fengtian (1924). Il potere della Cricca del Fengtian cominciò a diminuire nel bel mezzo della Spedizione del Nord guidata dal Kuomintang. Mentre si ritirava verso nord i sostenitori giapponesi di Zhang Zuolin fecero saltare in aria il suo treno, uccidendolo. Dopo l'assassinio di Zhang Zuolin nel 1928 da parte dei giapponesi, suo figlio, Zhang Xueliang, assunse la direzione della cricca. Zhang Xueliang continuò poi a impegnare se stesso e il suo esercito nel governo del Kuomintang a Nanchino. (it)
- 奉天派(ほうてんは)は、中華民国の大陸統治期に存在した軍閥。 東三省(中国東北部)を基盤とする北洋軍閥の分派で、日本の支援を受けていた。 総帥は張作霖と息子の張学良。 名前の由来は張作霖の祖籍が奉天(遼寧省)だったことによる。 (ja)
- Фэнтяньская клика (от кит. упр. 奉天, пиньинь Fèngtiān, палл. Фэнтянь — старое название города Шэньян), северо-восточная группировка китайских милитаристов в период республиканского Китая. Фэнтяньская клика была преобладающей силой в центральном правительстве в Пекине в 1924-1928 годах. Лидеры клики неоднократно возглавляли пекинское правительство. В правительстве клика боролась за влияние с Чжилийской кликой и Аньхойской кликой, и это противостояние сопровождалось сложными интригами и военными столкновениями. (ru)
- 奉系軍閥是民國軍閥一主要派系,屬於北洋系統,先後以張作霖和其子張學良為首,並一度成為中國境內最大的軍政府。 20世紀初,奉系張作霖接受招安。 奉係受到日本支持。 1918年,張作霖統一滿洲。後聯合皖係與孫中山的廣東政權組成反直三角同盟。 (zh)
- Фентянська кліка (спрощ.: 奉系军阀; кит. трад.: 奉系軍閥; піньїнь: Fèng Xì Jūnfá — північно-східне угруповання китайських мілітаристів, що утворилось після смерті Юань Шикая в результаті розпаду організації бейянських мілітаристів. Мала перевагу в центральному уряді в Пекіні в 1924-1928 роках. Лідери кліки неодноразово очолювали пекінський уряд. Вела боротьбу за вплив проти Чжилійської й Аньхойської клік. (uk)
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- Fengtianská klika (zjednodušená čínština: 奉系军阀; tradiční čínština: 奉系軍閥; Pchin-jin: Fèng Xì Jūnfá) byla v letech 1911-1928 vojenská klika se sídlem v Mandžusku. Byla pojmenována podle města Feng-tchien (Mukden), kde se nacházelo její velitelství. (cs)
- La camarilla de Fengtian (en chino, 奉系; pinyin, Feng Xi) fue una de las diversas camarillas o facciones político-militares hostiles entre sí que surgieron de la camarilla de Beiyang en la época de los caudillos militares a comienzos del periodo republicano. (es)
- La Clique du Fengtian (奉系军阀, fèngxì jūnfá) désigne de manière informelle une faction armée mandchoue du Nord-Est de la Chine, active à l'époque de la première République de Chine durant la période des seigneurs de la guerre, et qui tire son nom de la province de Fengtian (奉天省, « province de Mukden »), en Mandchourie, aujourd'hui appelée Liaoning. (fr)
- 奉天派(ほうてんは)は、中華民国の大陸統治期に存在した軍閥。 東三省(中国東北部)を基盤とする北洋軍閥の分派で、日本の支援を受けていた。 総帥は張作霖と息子の張学良。 名前の由来は張作霖の祖籍が奉天(遼寧省)だったことによる。 (ja)
- Фэнтяньская клика (от кит. упр. 奉天, пиньинь Fèngtiān, палл. Фэнтянь — старое название города Шэньян), северо-восточная группировка китайских милитаристов в период республиканского Китая. Фэнтяньская клика была преобладающей силой в центральном правительстве в Пекине в 1924-1928 годах. Лидеры клики неоднократно возглавляли пекинское правительство. В правительстве клика боролась за влияние с Чжилийской кликой и Аньхойской кликой, и это противостояние сопровождалось сложными интригами и военными столкновениями. (ru)
- 奉系軍閥是民國軍閥一主要派系,屬於北洋系統,先後以張作霖和其子張學良為首,並一度成為中國境內最大的軍政府。 20世紀初,奉系張作霖接受招安。 奉係受到日本支持。 1918年,張作霖統一滿洲。後聯合皖係與孫中山的廣東政權組成反直三角同盟。 (zh)
- Фентянська кліка (спрощ.: 奉系军阀; кит. трад.: 奉系軍閥; піньїнь: Fèng Xì Jūnfá — північно-східне угруповання китайських мілітаристів, що утворилось після смерті Юань Шикая в результаті розпаду організації бейянських мілітаристів. Мала перевагу в центральному уряді в Пекіні в 1924-1928 роках. Лідери кліки неодноразово очолювали пекінський уряд. Вела боротьбу за вплив проти Чжилійської й Аньхойської клік. (uk)
- The Fengtian clique (Chinese: 奉系军阀; pinyin: Fèngxì Jūnfá) was one of several opposing military factions that constituted the early Republic of China during its Warlord Era. It was named after Fengtian Province (now Liaoning), and operated from a territorial base comprising the three northeastern provinces that made up Manchuria. Warlord Zhang Zuolin, known as the "Old Marshal," led the clique with support from Japan. (en)
- Kelompok Fengtian (Hanzi sederhana: 奉系军阀; Hanzi tradisional: 奉系軍閥; Pinyin: Fèng Xì Jūnfá) adalah salah satu dari beberapa kelompok atau faksi yang saling bertikai yang terpecah dari Kelompok Beiyang di Republik Tiongkok pada era Panglima Perang. Kelompok tersebut diambil dari nama , sekarang menjadi Liaoning sejak 1929, dan beroperasi dari sebuah basis teritorial yang meliputi tiga provinsi timur laut yang meliputi Manchuria. Panglima perang Zhang Zuolin, yang dikenal sebagai "Marsekal Besar," memimpin kelompok tersebut dengan dukungan dari Jepang. (in)
- La Cricca del Fengtian fu una delle numerose cricche o fazioni ostili che si scissero dall'Esercito Beiyang della Repubblica di Cina durante il Periodo dei signori della guerra. Fu chiamata così per la (ora Liaoning) e gestita da una base territoriale comprendente le tre province nord-orientali che costituivano la Manciuria. Fu guidata dal signore della guerra Zhang Zuolin noto come il "Grande Maresciallo" che fu supportato dal Giappone. Tra il 1920 e il 1921 esercitò il controllo su Pechino insieme alla Cricca di Zhili. Tuttavia le tensioni iniziarono presto a manifestarsi tra le due cricche e la Cricca del Fengtian si scontrò con la Cricca di Zhili per il controllo di Pechino nella Prima guerra Zhili-Fengtian (1922) e nella Seconda guerra Zhili-Fengtian (1924). Il potere della Cricca de (it)
- Fengtianská klika (cs)
- Fengtian clique (en)
- Camarilla de Fengtian (es)
- Kelompok Fengtian (in)
- Cricca del Fengtian (it)
- Clique du Fengtian (fr)
- 奉天派 (ja)
- Фэнтяньская клика (ru)
- 奉系 (zh)
- Фентянська кліка (uk)
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