Global silver trade from the 16th to 19th centuries (original) (raw)
El comerç mundial de plata dels segles XVI al XIX entre Amèrica, Europa i la Xina va ser un derivació de l'intercanvi colombí que va tenir un profund efecte sobre l'economia mundial. De fet, molts estudis consideren que el comerç de plata suposa realment l'inici d'una . La historiografia assenyala que la plata "va fer la volta al món i va fer que el món es pogués connectar". Tot i que l'intercanvi de la plata fos global, el seu destí final va ser acabar en mans dels xinesos, ja que la van adoptar com un estandard monetari. A més dels canvis econòmics mundials que va suposar el comerç de la plata, també va posar en marxa una àmplia gamma de transformacions polítiques en l'època moderna. "Les noves mines del món", han conclòs diversos historiadors destacats, "van donar suport a l'imperi espa
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| dbo:abstract | El comerç mundial de plata dels segles XVI al XIX entre Amèrica, Europa i la Xina va ser un derivació de l'intercanvi colombí que va tenir un profund efecte sobre l'economia mundial. De fet, molts estudis consideren que el comerç de plata suposa realment l'inici d'una . La historiografia assenyala que la plata "va fer la volta al món i va fer que el món es pogués connectar". Tot i que l'intercanvi de la plata fos global, el seu destí final va ser acabar en mans dels xinesos, ja que la van adoptar com un estandard monetari. A més dels canvis econòmics mundials que va suposar el comerç de la plata, també va posar en marxa una àmplia gamma de transformacions polítiques en l'època moderna. "Les noves mines del món", han conclòs diversos historiadors destacats, "van donar suport a l'imperi espanyol", actuant com a eix vertebrador de l'economia hispànica. Però també van impulsar un comerç global de mercaderies asiàtiques i la difusió mundial de productes com el te. (ca) The global silver between the Americas, Europe and China from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries was a spillover of the Columbian Exchange which had a profound effect on the world economy. Many scholars consider the silver trade to mark the beginning of a genuinely global economy, with one historian noting that silver "went round the world and made the world go round." Although global, much of that silver ended up in the hands of the Chinese, as they accepted it as a form of currency. In addition to the global economic changes the silver trade engendered, it also put into motion a wide array of political transformations in the early modern era. "New World mines", concluded several prominent historians, "supported the Spanish empire", acting as a linchpin of the Spanish economy. Spaniards at the time of the Age of Discovery discovered vast amounts of silver, much of which was from the Potosí silver mines, to fuel their trade economy. Potosí's deposits were rich and Spanish American silver mines were the world's cheapest sources of it. The Spanish acquired the silver, minting it into the peso de ocho to then use it as a means of purchase; that currency was so widespread that even the United States accepted it as valid until the Coinage Act of 1857. As the Spanish need for silver increased, new innovations for more efficient extraction of silver were developed, such as the amalgamation method of using mercury to extract silver from ore. In the two centuries that followed the discovery of Potosí in 1545, the Spanish silver mines in the Americas produced 40,000 tons of silver. Altogether, more than 150,000 tons of silver were shipped from Potosí by the end of the 18th century. From 1500 to 1800, Bolivia and Mexico produced about 80% of the world's silver with 30% of it eventually ending up in China. In the late 16th and early 17th century, Japan was also exporting heavily into China and the foreign trade at large. As has been demonstrated, China dominated silver imports. The market value of silver in the Ming territory was double its value elsewhere, which provided great arbitrage profit for the Europeans and Japanese. The abundance of silver in China made it easy for the country to mint it into coinage. That process was so widespread that local Chinese government officials would demand taxes to be paid in silver to the point that silver eventually backed all of China's economy. (en) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://webzoom.freewebs.com/phsworldhistory/Silver%20Essay%20for%20APWH/13.2flynn.pdf https://www.birdvilleschools.net/cms/lib2/TX01000797/Centricity/Domain/3775/Born_with_a_Silver_SpoonThe_Origin_of_World_Trade_in_1571.doc https://scholar.archive.org/work/oufljl47lbg5jbtfznlk6m5ria/access/wayback/https:/www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A9F97F6BE34B56252F0C217FC82FC58F/S1740022819000317a.pdf/div-class-title-linking-the-atlantic-and-indian-oceans-asian-textiles-spanish-silver-global-capital-and-the-financing-of-the-portuguese-brazilian-slave-trade-span-class-italic-c-span-1760-1808-div.pdf https://archive.org/details/royaltreasurieso11tepa https://archive.org/details/royaltreasurieso21tepa https://doi.org/10.2753/CSH0009-4633450105 https://muse.jhu.edu/article/398568/summary https://www.amazon.com/Empire-Silver-Monetary-History-China/dp/0300250045/ https://www.amazon.com/Silver-Trade-War-America-Making/dp/0801877555/ https://www.jstor.org/stable/20078638 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dennis-Flynn-2/publication/280297919_Ottoman_Monetary_History_in_Global_Perspective/links/55affcb908aeb9239917196f/Ottoman-Monetary-History-in-Global-Perspective.pdf https://www.worldcat.org/title/tea-silver-opium-and-war-the-international-tea-trade-and-western-commercial-expansion-into-china-in-1740-1840/oclc/54203666%3Freferer=di&ht=edition https://www.jstor.org/stable/40241528 https://muse.jhu.edu/article/267532/summary https://www.amazon.com/dp/073439943X/ |
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| rdfs:comment | El comerç mundial de plata dels segles XVI al XIX entre Amèrica, Europa i la Xina va ser un derivació de l'intercanvi colombí que va tenir un profund efecte sobre l'economia mundial. De fet, molts estudis consideren que el comerç de plata suposa realment l'inici d'una . La historiografia assenyala que la plata "va fer la volta al món i va fer que el món es pogués connectar". Tot i que l'intercanvi de la plata fos global, el seu destí final va ser acabar en mans dels xinesos, ja que la van adoptar com un estandard monetari. A més dels canvis econòmics mundials que va suposar el comerç de la plata, també va posar en marxa una àmplia gamma de transformacions polítiques en l'època moderna. "Les noves mines del món", han conclòs diversos historiadors destacats, "van donar suport a l'imperi espa (ca) The global silver between the Americas, Europe and China from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries was a spillover of the Columbian Exchange which had a profound effect on the world economy. Many scholars consider the silver trade to mark the beginning of a genuinely global economy, with one historian noting that silver "went round the world and made the world go round." Although global, much of that silver ended up in the hands of the Chinese, as they accepted it as a form of currency. In addition to the global economic changes the silver trade engendered, it also put into motion a wide array of political transformations in the early modern era. "New World mines", concluded several prominent historians, "supported the Spanish empire", acting as a linchpin of the Spanish economy. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Comerç global de plata als segles XVI al XIX (ca) Global silver trade from the 16th to 19th centuries (en) |
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