Gold cyanidation (original) (raw)
La cianuración del oro (también conocida como el proceso de cianuro o el proceso de MacArthur-Forrest) es una técnica metalúrgica para la extracción de oro de mineral baja calidad, que busca convertir el oro (insoluble en agua) en aniones metálicos complejos de aurocianida, solubles en agua, mediante un proceso denominado lixiviación. Es el proceso más comúnmente utilizado para la extracción de oro. Debido a la naturaleza venenosa del cianuro, el proceso es muy controvertido y su uso está prohibido en varios países y territorios.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | La cianuración del oro (también conocida como el proceso de cianuro o el proceso de MacArthur-Forrest) es una técnica metalúrgica para la extracción de oro de mineral baja calidad, que busca convertir el oro (insoluble en agua) en aniones metálicos complejos de aurocianida, solubles en agua, mediante un proceso denominado lixiviación. Es el proceso más comúnmente utilizado para la extracción de oro. Debido a la naturaleza venenosa del cianuro, el proceso es muy controvertido y su uso está prohibido en varios países y territorios. (es) Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur-Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore by converting the gold to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. Cyanidation is also widely used in the extraction of silver, usually after froth flotation. Production of reagents for mineral processing to recover gold represents more than 70% of cyanide consumption globally. Other metals are recovered from the process include copper, zinc, and silver, but gold is the main driver of this technology. Due to the highly poisonous nature of cyanide, the process is controversial and its use is even banned in some parts of the world. Cyanide can be safely used in the gold mining industry. A key feature for safe use of cyanide is to ensure adequate pH control at an alkaline pH level above 10.5. At industrial scale, pH control is mainly achieved using lime, as an important enabling reagent in gold processing. (en) Próiseas chun ór is airgead a eastóscadh ó mhianaigh. Cuirtear tuaslagán caolaithe ciainíd sóidiam nó potaisiam le mianach, meilte ina phúdar. Cruthaíonn an t-ór nó an t-airgead coimpléasc intuaslagtha, agus is féidir é a fháil amach trí phúdar since a chur leis an tuaslagán. (ga) La cyanuration, ou procédé MacArthur-Forrest selon les noms des inventeurs, John Stewart MacArthur et les frères Robert et William Forrest, est une technique hydrométallurgique d'extraction de l'or grâce à une solution de cyanures alcalins. Le procédé consiste en une lixiviation du minerai aurifère par une solution de cyanures très dilués. Le lixiviat est ensuite mis en contact avec du zinc pour faire précipiter l'or dissous, ainsi que d'autres métaux précieux comme l'argent, le cuivre, etc. Le procédé a permis une rupture dans l'extraction de l'or. Par exemple, dans le cas du gisement d'or de Witwatersrand, l'or se présente sous la forme de fines particules, et l'amalgamation comme la chloration ne sont capables d'extraire que 55 à 65 % du métal. Au début du XXe siècle, près d'un milliard de tonnes de minerai d'or est traité chaque année par des solutions de cyanure, faisant de ce procédé le plus important mode de traitement chimique de minerai. Depuis les années 1970, le prix de l'or a rendu rentable le traitement des tas de résidu miniers contenant 1 g/t d'or, en utilisant des techniques mises au point pour les traitements des minerais pauvres de cuivre ou des minerais d'uranium. (fr) La cianurazione dell'oro (nota anche come processo al cianuro o processo di MacArthur-Forrest) è una tecnica idrometallurgica per estrarre l'oro dai minerali grezzi di bassa qualità, convertendo l'oro in un complesso di coordinazione solubile in acqua. È il processo di lisciviazione più comunemente usato per l'estrazione dell'oro. La produzione di reagenti per la lavorazione dei minerali per recuperare oro, rame, zinco e argento rappresenta circa il 13% del consumo di cianuro a livello globale, con il restante 87% di cianuro utilizzato in altri processi industriali come plastica, adesivi e pesticidi. A causa della natura altamente velenosa del cianuro, il processo può essere considerato controverso e il suo utilizzo è vietato in un piccolo numero di paesi. (it) 青化法（せいかほう）とは、金を水溶性の錯体に変化させることによって、低品位の金鉱石から金を浸出させる湿式製錬技術である。シアン化法とも言う他、開発者の名を取ってマッカーサー・フォレスト法（MacArthur-Forrest process）とも呼ばれる。 全世界のシアン化合物の生産量の13パーセントが、金や銅、亜鉛、銀を回収するために処理する薬剤として使用されている。残りの87パーセントは、プラスチックや接着剤、農薬の製造などに使用されている。シアン化合物は毒性が強く、青化法は問題のあるプロセスであるとして、少数の国や地域では使用が禁止されている。 (ja) 黃金氰化法（英語：Gold cyanidation）又稱麥克阿瑟-佛瑞斯特過程（MacArthur-Forrest process），是一種從低品質金礦萃取出黃金的冶金學技術，透過氰化物將黃金轉為水溶性化合物。此法為黃金提取最常用的方法。全球的氰化物消耗有約13%是用在此法，以提取金、銀、銅、鋅等金屬，而其他87%則用於製備塑膠、接著劑、殺蟲劑等化工過程。由於氰化物的高毒性，此法極具爭議性，在許多國家被禁用。 (zh) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Jsmacarthur-X-007r.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.yestech.com/tech/gold1.htm https://refreshscience.com/how-gold-is-extracted-by-cyanidation-process/ https://web.archive.org/web/20121021155525/http:/www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/cyanideuncertainties.pdf http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_351793.htm |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 402244 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 24361 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1110646259 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Calcium_cyanide dbr:Calcium_hydroxide dbr:Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele dbr:Potassium_cyanide dbr:Precipitation_(chemistry) dbr:Pyrite dbr:Electrowinning dbr:Merrill–Crowe_process dbr:Pascua_Lama dbr:Aqueous_solution dbc:Gold dbr:Hungary dbr:Hydrogen_cyanide dbr:Hydrogen_peroxide dbr:Peroxymonosulfuric_acid dbc:Cyano_complexes dbr:Cyanate dbr:Cyclodextrin dbr:Lime_(material) dbr:Ore dbr:Glasgow dbr:Gold dbr:Montana dbr:Controversy dbr:Coordination_complex dbr:Thiocyanate dbr:Thiosulfate dbr:Stoichiometry dbr:Comminution dbr:Froth_flotation dbr:Poison dbr:Baia_Mare dbr:Wisconsin dbr:Lixiviant dbr:Mineral_processing dbr:2013_Romanian_protests_against_the_Roșia_Montană_Project dbr:Cyanide dbr:Czech_Republic dbr:European_Commission dbr:European_Parliament dbr:Oxygen dbr:Oxygen_saturation dbr:PH dbr:Carbon_in_pulp dbr:Charles_Washington_Merrill dbr:Directive_82/501/EC dbr:Gold_cyanidation_in_Romania dbr:Gold_extraction dbr:John_Stewart_MacArthur dbr:Water_Framework_Directive dbr:2000_Baia_Mare_cyanide_spill dbr:Atmospheric_pressure dbr:Hydrometallurgy dbr:Aeration dbr:Charles_Tennant dbc:Metallurgical_processes dbr:Lake_Cowal dbr:Leaching_(chemistry) dbr:Lead(II)_nitrate dbr:Sulfur dbr:Summitville_mine dbr:Sodium_cyanide dbr:Sodium_hydroxide dbr:Sodium_metabisulfite dbr:Someș dbr:Copper_sulfate dbr:Kumtor_Gold_Mine dbr:Mercur,_Utah dbr:Michael_Faraday dbr:Reagent dbr:Witwatersrand dbr:Tank_leaching dbr:Ok_Tedi_environmental_disaster dbr:Ok_Tedi_Mine dbr:Iron_hydroxide dbr:Gilbert_S._Peyton dbr:Peter_Bagrationi dbr:Seveso_II_Directive dbr:Roşia_Montană dbr:Best_available_techniques dbr:Dicyanoaurate dbr:Iron_(III)_oxide dbr:Directive_2006/21/EC dbr:Directive_80/68/EEC dbr:File:Chemung_mine-sodium_cyanide.jpeg dbr:File:Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-balls.png dbr:File:Gold_heap_leaching.jpeg dbr:File:Jsmacarthur-X-007r.jpg |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Chem dbt:Commons_category dbt:Nbsp dbt:Reflist dbt:See_also dbt:Short_description dbt:Extractive_metallurgy |
| dct:subject | dbc:Gold dbc:Cyano_complexes dbc:Metallurgical_processes |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Technique |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing dbo:TopicalConcept yago:WikicatChemicalProcesses yago:ChemicalProcess113446390 yago:IndustrialProcess113497928 yago:NaturalProcess113518963 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Process100029677 yago:WikicatIndustrialProcesses |
| rdfs:comment | La cianuración del oro (también conocida como el proceso de cianuro o el proceso de MacArthur-Forrest) es una técnica metalúrgica para la extracción de oro de mineral baja calidad, que busca convertir el oro (insoluble en agua) en aniones metálicos complejos de aurocianida, solubles en agua, mediante un proceso denominado lixiviación. Es el proceso más comúnmente utilizado para la extracción de oro. Debido a la naturaleza venenosa del cianuro, el proceso es muy controvertido y su uso está prohibido en varios países y territorios. (es) Próiseas chun ór is airgead a eastóscadh ó mhianaigh. Cuirtear tuaslagán caolaithe ciainíd sóidiam nó potaisiam le mianach, meilte ina phúdar. Cruthaíonn an t-ór nó an t-airgead coimpléasc intuaslagtha, agus is féidir é a fháil amach trí phúdar since a chur leis an tuaslagán. (ga) 青化法（せいかほう）とは、金を水溶性の錯体に変化させることによって、低品位の金鉱石から金を浸出させる湿式製錬技術である。シアン化法とも言う他、開発者の名を取ってマッカーサー・フォレスト法（MacArthur-Forrest process）とも呼ばれる。 全世界のシアン化合物の生産量の13パーセントが、金や銅、亜鉛、銀を回収するために処理する薬剤として使用されている。残りの87パーセントは、プラスチックや接着剤、農薬の製造などに使用されている。シアン化合物は毒性が強く、青化法は問題のあるプロセスであるとして、少数の国や地域では使用が禁止されている。 (ja) 黃金氰化法（英語：Gold cyanidation）又稱麥克阿瑟-佛瑞斯特過程（MacArthur-Forrest process），是一種從低品質金礦萃取出黃金的冶金學技術，透過氰化物將黃金轉為水溶性化合物。此法為黃金提取最常用的方法。全球的氰化物消耗有約13%是用在此法，以提取金、銀、銅、鋅等金屬，而其他87%則用於製備塑膠、接著劑、殺蟲劑等化工過程。由於氰化物的高毒性，此法極具爭議性，在許多國家被禁用。 (zh) Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur-Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore by converting the gold to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. Cyanidation is also widely used in the extraction of silver, usually after froth flotation. (en) La cyanuration, ou procédé MacArthur-Forrest selon les noms des inventeurs, John Stewart MacArthur et les frères Robert et William Forrest, est une technique hydrométallurgique d'extraction de l'or grâce à une solution de cyanures alcalins. Le procédé consiste en une lixiviation du minerai aurifère par une solution de cyanures très dilués. Le lixiviat est ensuite mis en contact avec du zinc pour faire précipiter l'or dissous, ainsi que d'autres métaux précieux comme l'argent, le cuivre, etc. (fr) La cianurazione dell'oro (nota anche come processo al cianuro o processo di MacArthur-Forrest) è una tecnica idrometallurgica per estrarre l'oro dai minerali grezzi di bassa qualità, convertendo l'oro in un complesso di coordinazione solubile in acqua. È il processo di lisciviazione più comunemente usato per l'estrazione dell'oro. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Cianuración del oro (es) Próiseas ciainíde (ga) Cyanuration (fr) Gold cyanidation (en) Cianurazione dell'oro (it) 青化法 (ja) 黃金氰化法 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:List_of_gold_mining_disasters dbr:Gold_cyanidation_ban |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Gold cyanidation yago-res:Gold cyanidation wikidata:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-es:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-fa:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-fr:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-ga:Gold cyanidation http://hi.dbpedia.org/resource/सायनाइड_विधि dbpedia-hu:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-it:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-ja:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-pnb:Gold cyanidation dbpedia-ro:Gold cyanidation http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/سایانائیڈ_کا_طریقہ dbpedia-zh:Gold cyanidation https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4wmSp |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Gold_cyanidation?oldid=1110646259&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Chemung_mine-sodium_cyanide.jpeg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Dicyanoaurate(I)-3D-balls.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Gold_heap_leaching.jpeg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Jsmacarthur-X-007r.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Gold_cyanidation |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Cyanide_process dbr:Elsner_Reaction dbr:Alternatives_to_gold_cyanidation dbr:Cyanide_gold_mining dbr:MacArthur-Forrest_Cyanidation_Process dbr:MacArthur-Forrest_Process dbr:MacArthur-Forrest_process dbr:Mac_arthur_forrest_process dbr:Macarthur-forrest_process |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Calcium_cyanamide dbr:Bayer_process dbr:Potassium_dicyanoaurate dbr:Pyotr_Romanovich_Bagration dbr:Roentgenium dbr:Roșia_Montană dbr:Samira_Hill_Gold_Mine dbr:Engagement_ring dbr:List_of_buildings_in_Bodie,_California dbr:Merrill–Crowe_process dbr:Open-pit_mining dbr:Bimetallism dbr:Detour_Gold dbr:Detour_Lake_Mine dbr:Allis-Chalmers dbr:Homeward_Bound_Battery_and_Dam dbr:Petropavlovsk_plc dbr:Richmond_Mine_and_Battery dbr:Ridgeway_Mine dbr:Cumberland,_Queensland dbr:D._&_J._Fowler_Ltd. dbr:Venus_State_Battery dbr:Index_of_Arizona-related_articles dbr:List_of_gold_mining_disasters dbr:Pressure_oxidation dbr:Timeline_of_historic_inventions dbr:Comarca_Minera_Geopark dbr:McIntyre_House_(Salt_Lake_City) dbr:Río_Negro_Province dbr:Sali_Hochschild dbr:Frank_Timiș dbr:Frederick_Allsop dbr:Frederick_Lancelot_Nott dbr:General_Grant_Mine dbr:George_Beilby dbr:Gold dbr:Gold(I)_cyanide dbr:Gold_mining dbr:Gold_mining_in_Colorado dbr:Golden_Gate_Mining_and_Town_Complex dbr:Goldstrike_mine dbr:Moose_River_Gold_Mines,_Nova_Scotia dbr:Musselwhite_mine dbr:Martha_Mine dbr:Organogold_chemistry dbr:Mabel_Mill dbr:Maitland,_South_Dakota dbr:Zinc_cyanide dbr:Zortman,_Montana dbr:Froth_flotation dbr:John_Henry_Cordner-James dbr:BDTH2 dbr:Bagrationi_dynasty dbr:Barclay's_Battery dbr:Tyrconnel_Mine_and_Battery dbr:Wilsons_Hill dbr:Heap_leaching dbr:Jáchal_River dbr:Lava_Cap_Mine dbr:Mitchells_Creek dbr:2013_Romanian_protests_against_the_Roșia_Montană_Project dbr:Alaska-Gastineau_Mine dbr:Ammonium_thiosulfate dbr:Ebagoola_Township_and_Battery dbr:Nickel_Plate_Mine dbr:No._1_Scottish_Gympie_Mine_and_Battery dbr:Palladium_dicyanide dbr:Carbon_in_pulp dbr:Gold-containing_drugs dbr:Gold_compounds dbr:Gold_cyanidation_ban dbr:Gold_cyanidation_in_Romania dbr:Gold_rush dbr:Good_Hope_Mine dbr:John_Stewart_MacArthur dbr:John_Wessels dbr:Cyanide_process dbr:Long_Depression dbr:2000_Baia_Mare_cyanide_spill dbr:Heavy_metals dbr:Hispaniola dbr:Bacterial_oxidation dbr:Baghdad_Battery dbr:Hydrometallurgy dbr:A_Stone's_Throw dbr:Charles_Butters dbr:Charters_Towers dbr:Charters_Towers_Stock_Exchange_Arcade dbr:Kimberly,_Utah dbr:Lead(II)_nitrate dbr:Super_Pit_gold_mine dbr:Treadwell_gold_mine dbr:Aspergillus_niger dbr:Sodium_metabisulfite dbr:Sodium_thiosulfate dbr:Kingsborough_Battery dbr:Kirkland_Lake dbr:Kittilä_mine dbr:Mining_works_on_Towers_Hill dbr:Ravenswood_Mining_Landscape_and_Chinese_Settlement_Area dbr:Wyalong dbr:Yamana_Gold dbr:Knelson_concentrator dbr:May_&_Baker dbr:Roșia_Montană_Project dbr:Simmer_and_Jack dbr:Elsner_Reaction dbr:Alternatives_to_gold_cyanidation dbr:Cyanide_gold_mining dbr:MacArthur-Forrest_Cyanidation_Process dbr:MacArthur-Forrest_Process dbr:MacArthur-Forrest_process dbr:Mac_arthur_forrest_process dbr:Macarthur-forrest_process |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Sodium_cyanide dbr:Roșia_Montană_Project |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Gold_cyanidation |
