Heidi (god) (original) (raw)
Hēidì (Chinese: 黑帝; lit. 'Black Deity') or Hēishén (黑神; 'Black God'), who is the Běidì (北帝; 'North Deity', Cantonese: Pak Tai) or Běiyuèdàdì (北岳大帝; 'Great Deity of the Northern Peak') is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the cosmological "Five Forms of the Highest Deity" (五方上帝; Wǔfāng Shàngdì). He is also identified as Zhuānxū (颛顼), today frequently worshipped as Xuánwǔ (玄武; 'Dark Warrior') or Zhēnwǔ (真武), and is associated with the essence of water and winter. His animal form is the Black Dragon and his stellar animal is the tortoise-snake. By virtue of his association with the north he has been identified and revered frequently as a representation of the supreme God of Heaven.
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dbo:abstract | Der Dunkle Krieger (chinesisch 玄武神, Pinyin Xuánwǔ shén, Jyutping Jyun4mou5 san4 – „schwarzer Kriegsgott“) – weitere Namen sind beispielsweise Wahrer Krieger, Kaiser Xuanwu, Kaiser Zhenwu bzw. Kaiser des Nordens – gilt als eine der mächtigsten Gottheiten des Daoismus. Er wird von den Wudang-Kämpfern als ihr Schutzherr verehrt. Besonders in der Zeit der Song- und Ming-Dynastie war sein Kult verbreitet. Der Dunkle Krieger fungiert als Gottheit der Heilung und des Exorzismus. In der Han-Dynastie galt der Dunkle Krieger kosmologisch als eines der vier Tiere der Himmelsrichtungen. Ikonographisch wurde er als Schlange, die sich um eine Schildkröte windet, dargestellt. Seine Korrespondenzen waren der Winter, das Wasser, die Farbe Schwarz und die Nördliche Himmelsgegend. Später entwickelte er sich zu einer eigenständigen Gottheit, wahrscheinlich schon ab dem 7. Jahrhundert. In der Ming-Zeit hatte Zhenwu seine größte Bedeutung. Aus dieser Zeit stammt auch seine Ikonographie mit bloßen Füßen und offenen Haaren, die dem Aussehen von Geistermedien entspricht. (de) Hēidì (Chinese: 黑帝; lit. 'Black Deity') or Hēishén (黑神; 'Black God'), who is the Běidì (北帝; 'North Deity', Cantonese: Pak Tai) or Běiyuèdàdì (北岳大帝; 'Great Deity of the Northern Peak') is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the cosmological "Five Forms of the Highest Deity" (五方上帝; Wǔfāng Shàngdì). He is also identified as Zhuānxū (颛顼), today frequently worshipped as Xuánwǔ (玄武; 'Dark Warrior') or Zhēnwǔ (真武), and is associated with the essence of water and winter. His animal form is the Black Dragon and his stellar animal is the tortoise-snake. By virtue of his association with the north he has been identified and revered frequently as a representation of the supreme God of Heaven. (en) Bei Di (chinois : 北帝; pinyin : běi dì, cantonais : Pak Tai, empereur du Nord) est un dieu taoïste. C'est un des Cinq empereurs qui depuis les Han sont associés chacun à un orient (nord, sud, est, ouest et centre) selon la théorie des cinq éléments, et l'une des formes de Zhenwudadi. A Hong Kong et Macao, ils sont considérés comme des divinités du vent. Pak Tai est de plus dieu des eaux, élément associé au Nord comme la couleur noire. Son animal totem est la tortue noire. Les chinois célèbrent son anniversaire le 21 avril. (fr) Zhenwudadi (真武大帝, « Empereur Zhenwu ») ou Xuanwushangdi (玄武上帝, « Empereur Xuanwu ») est un dieu taoïste stellaire qui gouverne le ciel septentrional. Il a également une fonction militaire et est assimilé à l'Empereur du Nord Bei Di. Son nom d'origine, Xuanwu, est celui de l'ensemble des sept maisons astrales du nord dans le zodiaque chinois. C’est une combinaison de deux caractères : xuan (sombre) évoque le ciel ; wu, « militaire », vient du fait qu'on distingue dans les astérismes xuanwu la forme d’une tortue fantastique dont la carapace évoque une armure. Cette connotation n’est pas étrangère à la faveur que lui a accordée l’empereur Yongle des Ming qui l'appréciait comme dieu guerrier. Le caractère xuan fut par la suite changé pour ne pas enfreindre le tabou portant sur le nom de l’alchimiste divinisé Zhao Xuanlang (趙玄郎). On choisit pour le remplacer le caractère zhen, « véritable ». La coutume voulait que les empereurs donnent un titre à leurs divinités de prédilection. Zhenwu reçut son titre d'empereur (dadi, « grand empereur ») en 1303 sous la dynastie Yuan. (fr) Xuan Tian Shang Di adalah salah satu dewata Tao yang berlevel tinggi dan merupakan salah satu dewa yang paling banyak disebut di China. Ia dipuja sebagai dewa yang sangat perkasa, mampu mengontrol elemen-elemen dan melakukan sihir yang hebat. Ia sering dipuja oleh praktisi ilmu bela diri dan merupakan roh pelindung Hebei, Manchuria, dan Mongolia. Semenjak para penduduk China yang berbahasa Kantonis dan bahasa Minnan (terutama Hokkien) melarikan diri dari Hebei menuju selatan pada masa Dinasti Song, Xuan Tian Shang Di juga banyak dipuja di Provinsi Fujian dan Guangdong (yang akhirnya dibawa oleh para imigran China dari kedua provinsi tersebut ke negara-negara lain seperti Taiwan, Singapura, Malaysia, dan Indonesia). Kaisar Yongle dari Dinasti Ming, yang mengkudeta keponakannya sebagai kaisar, menyatakan bahwa keberhasilannya itu karena pertolongan Xuan Tian Shang Di. Ia membangun sebuah biara di Pegunungan Wudang, Provinsi Hubei; disanalah Xuan Tian dinyatakan sebagai salah satu imortal (roh suci). (in) Bei Di (cinese: 北帝, pinyin: běi dì, cantonese: Pak Tai, imperatore del Nord) è una divinità taoista e uno dei cinque , che a partire dagli Han, sono associati ad un punto cardinale (nord, sud, ovest, est e centro) secondo la teoria dei cinque elementi, e a una delle forme del . A Hong Kong e Macao sono considerati come divinità del vento. Bei Di viene anche identificato come Xuanwu, inoltre è considerato divinità delle acque, elemento associato al nord, come il colore nero. Il suo animale totem è la tartaruga nera. In Cina, la festa di Bei Di si celebra il 21 aprile. (it) Xuanwu (cinese: 玄武S) o Xuandi (玄帝S, XuándìP), noto anche come Zhenwu (真武S) o Zhenwudadi (真武大帝S, letteralmente "Imperatore Zhenwu"), Hyeon-jeon Sang-je o Hyŏn-jǒn Sang-je in coreano (현천상제 o 玄天上帝), è una divinità nella religione cinese e una delle divinità di rango superiore nel Taoismo. È venerato come un dio potente, capace di controllare gli elementi e di grande magia. È identificato come il dio del nord Heidi (黑帝S, letteralmente "Imperatore Nero") ed è particolarmente venerato dagli artisti marziali. È il dio protettore di Hebei, Henan, della Manciuria e della Mongolia. Poiché molti cinesi Han (attuali cantonesi e fujianesi) emigrarono nel sud da Hebei e Henan durante l'era Tang e Song, Xuanwu è anche ampiamente venerato nelle province di Guangdong, Guangxi e Fujian, oltre che tra i cinesi espatriati oltreoceano. Dal momento che l'usurpante imperatore Yongle della dinastia Ming rivendicò l'aiuto di Xuanwu durante la sua fortunata campagna Jingnan contro il nipote Jianwen, fece costruire monasteri taoisti nelle montagne Wudang di Hubei dove Xuanwu avrebbe raggiunto l'immortalità. (it) 현천상제(玄天上帝)는 북방 하늘의 상제(上帝)를 가리킨다. 북극성이 신격화된 것으로, 북극성제군(北極星帝君)·자미북극대제(紫微北極大帝)라고도 불린다. 밤하늘의 별들이 북극성을 중심으로 천공(天空)을 회전하고 있는 것처럼 보이는 것으로 미루어 북극성은 하늘의 중심에 있는 천계(天界)의 제왕이라고 하였으며, 자연 현상과 인간계의 모든 현상을 지배하는 것으로 믿었다. 중국에는 예로부터 인간을 둘러싸고 있는 대우주와 인간의 세계와는 같은 구조로 구성되어 있으며 상호 간에 감응(感應)하고 있다는 관념이 있어서 이로부터 별에 대한 신앙이 왕성하여졌다. 이 별의 신앙에 소박한 천문학적 지식이 결합되어 북극성 신앙이 성립된 것이다. 또한 별에 대한 신앙은 북극성에 한하지 않았으나 동·서·남·북의 4방에 있는 별 가운데 특히 북방에 있는 별이 더 신앙의 대상이 된 것은 북극성을 하늘의 중심으로 생각한 관념 때문이었다. 현천상제 외에도 북두신군(北斗神君)·문창제군(文昌帝君)의 신앙이 활발했는데 어느 것이나 북두칠성과 관계가 있다. (ko) Beidi of Bei Di, ook wel Xuanwu of Xuandi, is de taoïstische god van het noorden. Gelovigen vieren zijn verjaardag op de 21e van de vierde maand in de Chinese kalender. In Hongkong wordt hij Pak Tai/Pak Taj genoemd. De heilige taoïstische berg Wudang Shan is gewijd aan de godheid. De volledige titel van de god in hanzi is "北極鎮天真武玄天上帝玉虛師相金闕化身蕩魔永鎮終劫濟苦天尊", wat vertaald kan worden als "Heerser van de noordpool, ware krijger Xuantianshangdi, meester van het jaden gebied, zijn lichaam van goud, eeuwige zege over de kwade machten, hemelse eerbiedwaardige die de bitterheid van het leven wegneemt". (nl) Pak Tai (北 帝; pinyin: běidì), também chamado de Un Tin Seong Tai (玄天 上帝, Imperador Supremo do Céu do Norte ou Imperador Supremo do Céu Misterioso), é um deus taoísta do Norte. Muitos chineses comemoram seu aniversário em 21 de abril. (pt) Чжэ́нь-у (кит. упр. 真武, пиньинь Zhēn Wǔ, палл.) — даосское божество, известное как Истинный Воин, или Совершенный Воин, относится к периоду Сражающихся царств (475—221 гг.) и Империи Хань (206 г. до н. э. — 220 г. н. э.). Тогда это божество было известно под именем Сюань-у, Тёмный Воин, которое сохранялось вплоть до X века. Сюань-у имел зооморфный вид, его изображали в виде черепахи, которую обвивает змея. Со временем произошло слияние образа Сюань-у с образом Черного государя (Хэй-ди, 黑帝) — в древнекитайской мифологии — Владыкой Севера, одного из пяти небесных государей У ди. Предположительно, именно это послужило тому, что божество Сюань-у приобрело антропоморфные черты в VI веке. Существует антропоморфное изображение на стенописи, на которой Сюань-у представлен с мечом, в придворных одеждах и с завязанными волосами. Он сидит на черепахе, которую обвивает змея. (ru) 玄天上帝,本稱玄武大帝,宋真宗大中祥符五年(1012年),为避讳宋圣祖赵玄朗之名而改称为真武。全稱北極鎮天真武玄天上帝玉虛師相金闕化身蕩魔永鎮終劫濟苦天尊,通稱北極玄天上帝。常被簡稱為玄帝、北帝、黑帝、真武大帝。其又有玄武神、真武神、元武神、玄武大帝、元天上帝、開天大帝、北極大帝、北極佑聖真君、北極蕩魔天尊等稱;俗稱上帝公、上帝爺公、上帝爺、帝爺、帝爺公等。紫微大帝座下四聖真君之天蓬大元帥、天猷副元帥、翊聖真君、祐聖真君,其象徵二十八宿中的北宮玄武,為統理北方之道教大神,北方在五行之中屬水,能統領所有水族與水上事物(故兼海神),因北方在五色中屬於黑色,又稱水黑帝。玄天上帝亦是明朝鎮邦護國之神、降妖伏魔之神、戰神,明朝官府建了許多玄天上帝廟,並由官方祭祀。北帝據說擁有消災解困,治水禦火,護持武運及延年益壽的神力,故頗受擁戴。 道教「三十六天將」常作為玄天上帝的護法神,太歲星君的領袖殷郊、手持竹節鐗的五路財神之首武財神趙元帥、手持瓜鎚的掌管四方土地神的康元帥、「東嶽大帝十太保」之首溫瓊、手拿金磚的戲班先師馬元帥和道教的第一護法神王天君,也是一位著名的雷神、火神、降魔之神,司掌收瘟攝毒,均常見於三十六天將之中;又常有將三十六天將其中四位稱為四大元帥。 在日本佛教真言宗,奉祀北辰之神妙見菩薩,亦作一手持劍,腳踏龜蛇(玄武)之像(有時只踏一大龜),與真武大帝有異曲同工之妙,被視為同一位神祇。 (zh) |
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dbp:l | Black God (en) Dark Warrior (en) Black Deity (en) Great Deity of the Northern Peak (en) North Deity (en) Temple of the Supreme Ruler (en) |
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dbp:p | Wǔfāng Shàngdì (en) Xuántiān Shàngdì (en) |
dbp:t | 玄武 (en) 眾聖宮 (en) 文昌 (en) 元崗村 (en) 上帝古廟 (en) 上洋 (en) 五方上帝 (en) 北岳大帝 (en) 北帝 (en) 大地塘 (en) 掃管埔 (en) 深水埗三太子及北帝廟 (en) 灣仔北帝廟 (en) 玄天上帝 (en) 玄關帝廟 (en) 玉虛宮 (en) 真武 (en) 粉嶺三聖宮 (en) 輞井圍 (en) 颛顼 (en) 鶴咀村 (en) 黑帝 (en) 黑神 (en) |
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rdfs:comment | Hēidì (Chinese: 黑帝; lit. 'Black Deity') or Hēishén (黑神; 'Black God'), who is the Běidì (北帝; 'North Deity', Cantonese: Pak Tai) or Běiyuèdàdì (北岳大帝; 'Great Deity of the Northern Peak') is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the cosmological "Five Forms of the Highest Deity" (五方上帝; Wǔfāng Shàngdì). He is also identified as Zhuānxū (颛顼), today frequently worshipped as Xuánwǔ (玄武; 'Dark Warrior') or Zhēnwǔ (真武), and is associated with the essence of water and winter. His animal form is the Black Dragon and his stellar animal is the tortoise-snake. By virtue of his association with the north he has been identified and revered frequently as a representation of the supreme God of Heaven. (en) Bei Di (chinois : 北帝; pinyin : běi dì, cantonais : Pak Tai, empereur du Nord) est un dieu taoïste. C'est un des Cinq empereurs qui depuis les Han sont associés chacun à un orient (nord, sud, est, ouest et centre) selon la théorie des cinq éléments, et l'une des formes de Zhenwudadi. A Hong Kong et Macao, ils sont considérés comme des divinités du vent. Pak Tai est de plus dieu des eaux, élément associé au Nord comme la couleur noire. Son animal totem est la tortue noire. Les chinois célèbrent son anniversaire le 21 avril. (fr) Bei Di (cinese: 北帝, pinyin: běi dì, cantonese: Pak Tai, imperatore del Nord) è una divinità taoista e uno dei cinque , che a partire dagli Han, sono associati ad un punto cardinale (nord, sud, ovest, est e centro) secondo la teoria dei cinque elementi, e a una delle forme del . A Hong Kong e Macao sono considerati come divinità del vento. Bei Di viene anche identificato come Xuanwu, inoltre è considerato divinità delle acque, elemento associato al nord, come il colore nero. Il suo animale totem è la tartaruga nera. In Cina, la festa di Bei Di si celebra il 21 aprile. (it) 현천상제(玄天上帝)는 북방 하늘의 상제(上帝)를 가리킨다. 북극성이 신격화된 것으로, 북극성제군(北極星帝君)·자미북극대제(紫微北極大帝)라고도 불린다. 밤하늘의 별들이 북극성을 중심으로 천공(天空)을 회전하고 있는 것처럼 보이는 것으로 미루어 북극성은 하늘의 중심에 있는 천계(天界)의 제왕이라고 하였으며, 자연 현상과 인간계의 모든 현상을 지배하는 것으로 믿었다. 중국에는 예로부터 인간을 둘러싸고 있는 대우주와 인간의 세계와는 같은 구조로 구성되어 있으며 상호 간에 감응(感應)하고 있다는 관념이 있어서 이로부터 별에 대한 신앙이 왕성하여졌다. 이 별의 신앙에 소박한 천문학적 지식이 결합되어 북극성 신앙이 성립된 것이다. 또한 별에 대한 신앙은 북극성에 한하지 않았으나 동·서·남·북의 4방에 있는 별 가운데 특히 북방에 있는 별이 더 신앙의 대상이 된 것은 북극성을 하늘의 중심으로 생각한 관념 때문이었다. 현천상제 외에도 북두신군(北斗神君)·문창제군(文昌帝君)의 신앙이 활발했는데 어느 것이나 북두칠성과 관계가 있다. (ko) Beidi of Bei Di, ook wel Xuanwu of Xuandi, is de taoïstische god van het noorden. Gelovigen vieren zijn verjaardag op de 21e van de vierde maand in de Chinese kalender. In Hongkong wordt hij Pak Tai/Pak Taj genoemd. De heilige taoïstische berg Wudang Shan is gewijd aan de godheid. De volledige titel van de god in hanzi is "北極鎮天真武玄天上帝玉虛師相金闕化身蕩魔永鎮終劫濟苦天尊", wat vertaald kan worden als "Heerser van de noordpool, ware krijger Xuantianshangdi, meester van het jaden gebied, zijn lichaam van goud, eeuwige zege over de kwade machten, hemelse eerbiedwaardige die de bitterheid van het leven wegneemt". (nl) Pak Tai (北 帝; pinyin: běidì), também chamado de Un Tin Seong Tai (玄天 上帝, Imperador Supremo do Céu do Norte ou Imperador Supremo do Céu Misterioso), é um deus taoísta do Norte. Muitos chineses comemoram seu aniversário em 21 de abril. (pt) 玄天上帝,本稱玄武大帝,宋真宗大中祥符五年(1012年),为避讳宋圣祖赵玄朗之名而改称为真武。全稱北極鎮天真武玄天上帝玉虛師相金闕化身蕩魔永鎮終劫濟苦天尊,通稱北極玄天上帝。常被簡稱為玄帝、北帝、黑帝、真武大帝。其又有玄武神、真武神、元武神、玄武大帝、元天上帝、開天大帝、北極大帝、北極佑聖真君、北極蕩魔天尊等稱;俗稱上帝公、上帝爺公、上帝爺、帝爺、帝爺公等。紫微大帝座下四聖真君之天蓬大元帥、天猷副元帥、翊聖真君、祐聖真君,其象徵二十八宿中的北宮玄武,為統理北方之道教大神,北方在五行之中屬水,能統領所有水族與水上事物(故兼海神),因北方在五色中屬於黑色,又稱水黑帝。玄天上帝亦是明朝鎮邦護國之神、降妖伏魔之神、戰神,明朝官府建了許多玄天上帝廟,並由官方祭祀。北帝據說擁有消災解困,治水禦火,護持武運及延年益壽的神力,故頗受擁戴。 道教「三十六天將」常作為玄天上帝的護法神,太歲星君的領袖殷郊、手持竹節鐗的五路財神之首武財神趙元帥、手持瓜鎚的掌管四方土地神的康元帥、「東嶽大帝十太保」之首溫瓊、手拿金磚的戲班先師馬元帥和道教的第一護法神王天君,也是一位著名的雷神、火神、降魔之神,司掌收瘟攝毒,均常見於三十六天將之中;又常有將三十六天將其中四位稱為四大元帥。 在日本佛教真言宗,奉祀北辰之神妙見菩薩,亦作一手持劍,腳踏龜蛇(玄武)之像(有時只踏一大龜),與真武大帝有異曲同工之妙,被視為同一位神祇。 (zh) Der Dunkle Krieger (chinesisch 玄武神, Pinyin Xuánwǔ shén, Jyutping Jyun4mou5 san4 – „schwarzer Kriegsgott“) – weitere Namen sind beispielsweise Wahrer Krieger, Kaiser Xuanwu, Kaiser Zhenwu bzw. Kaiser des Nordens – gilt als eine der mächtigsten Gottheiten des Daoismus. Er wird von den Wudang-Kämpfern als ihr Schutzherr verehrt. Besonders in der Zeit der Song- und Ming-Dynastie war sein Kult verbreitet. (de) Zhenwudadi (真武大帝, « Empereur Zhenwu ») ou Xuanwushangdi (玄武上帝, « Empereur Xuanwu ») est un dieu taoïste stellaire qui gouverne le ciel septentrional. Il a également une fonction militaire et est assimilé à l'Empereur du Nord Bei Di. La coutume voulait que les empereurs donnent un titre à leurs divinités de prédilection. Zhenwu reçut son titre d'empereur (dadi, « grand empereur ») en 1303 sous la dynastie Yuan. (fr) Xuan Tian Shang Di adalah salah satu dewata Tao yang berlevel tinggi dan merupakan salah satu dewa yang paling banyak disebut di China. Ia dipuja sebagai dewa yang sangat perkasa, mampu mengontrol elemen-elemen dan melakukan sihir yang hebat. Ia sering dipuja oleh praktisi ilmu bela diri dan merupakan roh pelindung Hebei, Manchuria, dan Mongolia. Semenjak para penduduk China yang berbahasa Kantonis dan bahasa Minnan (terutama Hokkien) melarikan diri dari Hebei menuju selatan pada masa Dinasti Song, Xuan Tian Shang Di juga banyak dipuja di Provinsi Fujian dan Guangdong (yang akhirnya dibawa oleh para imigran China dari kedua provinsi tersebut ke negara-negara lain seperti Taiwan, Singapura, Malaysia, dan Indonesia). (in) Xuanwu (cinese: 玄武S) o Xuandi (玄帝S, XuándìP), noto anche come Zhenwu (真武S) o Zhenwudadi (真武大帝S, letteralmente "Imperatore Zhenwu"), Hyeon-jeon Sang-je o Hyŏn-jǒn Sang-je in coreano (현천상제 o 玄天上帝), è una divinità nella religione cinese e una delle divinità di rango superiore nel Taoismo. È venerato come un dio potente, capace di controllare gli elementi e di grande magia. È identificato come il dio del nord Heidi (黑帝S, letteralmente "Imperatore Nero") ed è particolarmente venerato dagli artisti marziali. È il dio protettore di Hebei, Henan, della Manciuria e della Mongolia. Poiché molti cinesi Han (attuali cantonesi e fujianesi) emigrarono nel sud da Hebei e Henan durante l'era Tang e Song, Xuanwu è anche ampiamente venerato nelle province di Guangdong, Guangxi e Fujian, oltre che tra i cine (it) Чжэ́нь-у (кит. упр. 真武, пиньинь Zhēn Wǔ, палл.) — даосское божество, известное как Истинный Воин, или Совершенный Воин, относится к периоду Сражающихся царств (475—221 гг.) и Империи Хань (206 г. до н. э. — 220 г. н. э.). Тогда это божество было известно под именем Сюань-у, Тёмный Воин, которое сохранялось вплоть до X века. Сюань-у имел зооморфный вид, его изображали в виде черепахи, которую обвивает змея. (ru) |
rdfs:label | Dunkler Krieger (de) Zhenwudadi (fr) Xuan Tian Shang Di (in) Bei Di (fr) Heidi (god) (en) Bei Di (it) Xuanwu (divinità) (it) 현천상제 (ko) Beidi (nl) Heidi (god) (nl) Pak Tai (pt) Чжэнь-у (ru) 玄天上帝 (zh) |
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