Vietnamese Cambodians (original) (raw)
- Etnis Vietnam di Kamboja merujuk pada kelompok etnis Vietnam yang tinggal di Kamboja atau etnis Vietnam keturunan Khmer. Jumlah etnis Vietnam di Kamboja tidak dapat dipastikan dan datanya bervariasi, antara belasan hingga ratusan ribu orang. Menurut sumber badan statistik Kamboja, jumlahnya sekitar 14.678 atau 0,1% dari populasi pada 2013. Data lain menyebutkan angkanya sekitar 0,4% dari populasi, termasuk data dari Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus Kamboja 2013 yang didanai Population Fund PBB. Sementara itu, peneliti yang bekerja pada isu-isu etnis Vietnam rata-rata percaya jumlahnya paling sedikit 400.000 orang. LSM Minority Rights Organization (MRO) mencatat jumlahnya hingga 700.000 orang. Mereka kebanyakan tinggal di perbatasan antara Kamboja dan Vietnam. Etnis Vietnam pertama yang tinggal di Kamboja modern berasal dari awal abad ke-19 selama era penguasa Nguyễn. Sebagian besar orang Vietnam datang ke Kamboja selama periode administrasi kolonial Prancis dan Republik Rakyat Kampuchea. Selama pemerintahan Republik Khmer dan Khmer Merah pada 1970-an, orang Vietnam menjadi sasaran genosida dan pengusiran. Diperkirakan sekitar 420.000 orang Vietnam diusir atau kabur ke Vietnam karena kebijakan eliminasi etnis Vietnam di Kamboja pada 1970-an. Pada 1980-an, sebagian etnis Vietnam kembali ke Kemboja. Namun, pada 1990-an mereka kembali menjadi sasaran kebijakan anti-Vietnam. Hal ini terus berlanjut hingga abad ke-21 di mana etnis Vietnam mengalami berbagai bentuk kebijakan yang merugikan. Meski jumlahnya minoritas, tetapi mereka menjadi sasaran utama retorika xenofobia dan kebijakan diskriminasi oleh pemerintah Kamboja. Hingga saat ini sekitar 90% orang Vietnam yang tinggal di Kamboja tidak mendapat pengakuan kewarganegaraan; mereka tidak memiliki akta kelahiran atau kartu identitas dan dianggap sebagai orang asing meski sudah puluhan tahun hidup dan berkeluarga di Kamboja. Selain itu, akses ke pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan tempat tinggal juga dibatasi. (in)
- Vietnamese Cambodians refer to ethnic group of Vietnamese living in Cambodia or Vietnamese who are of full or partial Khmer descent. According to Cambodian sources, in 2013 there are about 15,000 Vietnamese people living in Cambodia. Vietnamese source said there are 156,000 people living in Cambodia, while the actual number could be somewhere between 400,000 and one million people, according to independent scholars. They mostly reside in southeastern parts of Cambodia bordering Vietnam or on boathouses in the Tonlé Sap lake and Mekong rivers. The first Vietnamese came to settle modern-day Cambodia from the early 19th century during the era of the Nguyễn lords and most of the Vietnamese came to Cambodia during the periods of French colonial administration and the People's Republic of Kampuchea administration. During the Khmer Republic and Khmer Rouge governments in the 1970s, the Vietnamese were targets of mass genocides; thousands of Vietnamese were killed and many more sought refuge in Vietnam. Ethnic relations between the Cambodians and Vietnamese are poor and the Vietnamese have been the main target of xenophobic attacks by political parties since the 1990s. Most of the Vietnamese are stateless residents of Cambodia and as a result they face difficulties in getting access to education, employment, and housing. (en)
- 越南裔柬埔寨人(越南语:Người Cao Miên gốc Việt/𠊛高棉㭲越)即在柬埔寨定居的越南人,或擁有越南人血統的柬埔寨人。當代的越南裔柬埔寨居民多數是法國殖民時期的移民、1979年至1989年柬埔寨人民共和國當政期間的移民和他們的後代,他們多數在洞里薩湖、湄公河沿岸地區和鄰近越南的省份定居。 越南人最早在19世紀初阮主時代到當代的柬埔寨領土定居。1970年高棉共和國至1979年赤柬倒台期間,越南人成為了大規模種族屠殺的目標,令數千名越南人遇害,並引致大量越南人到越南逃難。自1990年代起,越南人也成為了反對黨仇外攻擊的對象。在柬埔寨,高棉人和越南人之間的關係很惡劣,而由於越南人大多沒有柬埔寨國籍,因此他們很難接受教育,求職和購置物業。都是無國籍居民,他們在接受教育、就業和置業這幾方面都遇到困難。 (zh)
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- http://mirocambodia.org/download/MIRO's%20Stateless%20Vietnamese%20Report%202014.pdf%7Ctitle=LIMBO
- http://nghiencuuquocte.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Domestic-Political-Change-and-Ethnic-Minorities-A-case-study-of-the-Ethnic-VNese-in-Cambodia.pdf%7Ctitle=Domestic
- http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r26645/documents/articles/widening_colonial_encounter.pdf%7Ctitle=Widening
- http://www.eccc.gov.kh/sites/default/files/documents/courtdoc/E3_2413_EN.PDF%7Ctitle=Demographic
- http://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/CSES/Final%20Report%20CSES%202013.pdf%7Ctitle=Cambodia
- https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235728/http:/www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r26645/documents/articles/widening_colonial_encounter.pdf%7Carchive-date=30
- https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100510/http:/civilparties.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ehrentraut_diss.pdf%7Carchive-date=2
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- September 2022 (en)
- Vietnamese Cambodians (en)
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- 越南裔柬埔寨人(越南语:Người Cao Miên gốc Việt/𠊛高棉㭲越)即在柬埔寨定居的越南人,或擁有越南人血統的柬埔寨人。當代的越南裔柬埔寨居民多數是法國殖民時期的移民、1979年至1989年柬埔寨人民共和國當政期間的移民和他們的後代,他們多數在洞里薩湖、湄公河沿岸地區和鄰近越南的省份定居。 越南人最早在19世紀初阮主時代到當代的柬埔寨領土定居。1970年高棉共和國至1979年赤柬倒台期間,越南人成為了大規模種族屠殺的目標,令數千名越南人遇害,並引致大量越南人到越南逃難。自1990年代起,越南人也成為了反對黨仇外攻擊的對象。在柬埔寨,高棉人和越南人之間的關係很惡劣,而由於越南人大多沒有柬埔寨國籍,因此他們很難接受教育,求職和購置物業。都是無國籍居民,他們在接受教育、就業和置業這幾方面都遇到困難。 (zh)
- Etnis Vietnam di Kamboja merujuk pada kelompok etnis Vietnam yang tinggal di Kamboja atau etnis Vietnam keturunan Khmer. Jumlah etnis Vietnam di Kamboja tidak dapat dipastikan dan datanya bervariasi, antara belasan hingga ratusan ribu orang. Menurut sumber badan statistik Kamboja, jumlahnya sekitar 14.678 atau 0,1% dari populasi pada 2013. Data lain menyebutkan angkanya sekitar 0,4% dari populasi, termasuk data dari Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus Kamboja 2013 yang didanai Population Fund PBB. Sementara itu, peneliti yang bekerja pada isu-isu etnis Vietnam rata-rata percaya jumlahnya paling sedikit 400.000 orang. LSM Minority Rights Organization (MRO) mencatat jumlahnya hingga 700.000 orang. Mereka kebanyakan tinggal di perbatasan antara Kamboja dan Vietnam. Etnis Vietnam pertama yang tinggal (in)
- Vietnamese Cambodians refer to ethnic group of Vietnamese living in Cambodia or Vietnamese who are of full or partial Khmer descent. According to Cambodian sources, in 2013 there are about 15,000 Vietnamese people living in Cambodia. Vietnamese source said there are 156,000 people living in Cambodia, while the actual number could be somewhere between 400,000 and one million people, according to independent scholars. They mostly reside in southeastern parts of Cambodia bordering Vietnam or on boathouses in the Tonlé Sap lake and Mekong rivers. The first Vietnamese came to settle modern-day Cambodia from the early 19th century during the era of the Nguyễn lords and most of the Vietnamese came to Cambodia during the periods of French colonial administration and the People's Republic of Kampuc (en)
- Etnis Vietnam di Kamboja (in)
- Vietnamese Cambodians (en)
- 越南裔柬埔寨人 (zh)
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