River dolphin (original) (raw)
Річкові дельфіни — нетаксономічна група дельфінів, яку раніше розглядали як надродину Platanistoidea (Платаністуваті). Ця група ссавців об'єднує три сучасні родини підряду дельфіноподібних (Delphinimorpha) ряду китоподібних (Cetacea).
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| dbo:abstract | Als Flussdelfine oder Süßwasserdelfine, manchmal auch Süßwasserwale, werden verschiedene Arten der Wale bezeichnet, die im Süß- und Brackwasser leben und die teilweise ursprünglich einer gemeinsamen taxonomischen Gruppe zugeordnet wurden: * die Amazonas-Flussdelfine (Iniidae) * der Chinesische Flussdelfin (Lipotes vexillifer) * der La-Plata-Delfin (Pontoporia blainvillei) * der Ganges- und der Indus-Delfin, siehe Platanista Früher wurden die Gangesdelfine manchmal zusammen mit dem Amazonas-, dem La-Plata- und dem Chinesischen Flussdelfin in eine eigene Familie (Platanistidae) oder Überfamilie (Platanistoidea) klassifiziert, dem widersprechen jedoch molekulargenetische Untersuchungen. (de) Les dauphins d'eau douce sont des cétacés odontocètes appartenant à trois super-familles : les Platanistoidea, les Inioidea et les Lipotoidea (éteints). On ne dénombre que six espèces modernes : le dauphin du Gange et le dauphin de l'Indus dans le genre Platanista, le boto et Inia araguaiaensis dans le genre Inia, le dauphin de la Plata dans le genre Pontoporia et le dauphin de Chine dans le genre Lipotes. Ces genres, longtemps réunis dans la famille des Platanistidés, sont aujourd'hui répartis dans quatre familles distinctes : les Platanistidae, les Iniidae, les Pontoporiidae et les Lipotidae. Les dauphins du genre Orcaella fréquentent occasionnellement les eaux douces des fleuves de l'Asie du Sud-Est (Mékong, Irrawaddy, etc.) mais ne sont pas à proprement parler des dauphins d'eau douce, et appartiennent à la famille des delphinidés. Le 10 décembre 2020, l'UICN annonce lors de la mise à jour de sa liste rouge que toutes les espèces de dauphins d'eau douce sont aujourd'hui menacées d'extinction. (fr) River dolphins are a polyphyletic group of fully aquatic mammals that reside exclusively in freshwater or brackish water. They are an informal grouping of dolphins, which itself is a paraphyletic group within the infraorder Cetacea. Extant river dolphins are placed in two superfamilies, Platanistoidea and Inioidea. They comprise the families Platanistidae (the South Asian dolphins), the recently extinct Lipotidae (Yangtze river dolphin), Iniidae (the Amazonian dolphins) and Pontoporiidae. There are five extant species of river dolphins. River dolphins, alongside other cetaceans, belong to the clade Artiodactyla, with even-toed ungulates, and their closest living relatives the hippopotamuses, from which they diverged about 40 million years ago. Specific types of Dolphins can be pink. River dolphins are relatively small compared to other dolphins, having evolved to survive in warm, shallow water and strong river currents. They range in size from the 5-foot (1.5 m) long South Asian river dolphin to the 8-foot (2.4 m) and 220-pound (100 kg) Amazon river dolphin. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the males are larger than the females. They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. River dolphins use their conical-shaped teeth and long beaks to capture fast-moving prey in murky water. They have well-developed hearing that is adapted for both air and water; they do not really rely on vision since the water they swim in is usually very muddy. Instead, they tend to rely on echolocation when hunting and navigating. These species are well-adapted to living in warm, shallow waters, and, unlike other cetaceans, have little to no blubber. River dolphins are not very widely distributed; they are all restricted to certain rivers or deltas. This makes them extremely vulnerable to habitat destruction. River dolphins feed primarily on fish. Male river dolphins typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. River dolphins produce a variety of vocalizations, usually in the form of clicks and whistles. River dolphins are rarely kept in captivity; breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a few months of capture. As of 2015, there were only four river dolphins in captivity. (en) 강돌고래는 담수 또는 기수에만 서식하는 이다. 돌고래의 비공식적인 그룹이며, 고래하목의 측계통군이다. 현존하는 강돌고래는 인도강돌고래상과(Platanistoidea)와 아마존강돌고래상과(Inioidea)의 두 상과로 분류된다. 각각은 인도강돌고래과, 아마존강돌고래과, 라플라타돌고래과로 구성된다. 강돌고래는 다른 돌고래에 비해 상대적으로 작으며, 따뜻하고 얕은 물과 물살이 강한 강물에서 살아남기 위해 진화했다. 그들은 1.5m 길이의 인도강돌고래에서 2.4m에 100kg의 아마존강돌고래까지 크기가 다양하다. 몇몇 종은 수컷이 암컷보다 크다는 점에서 성적 이형성을 보인다. 유선형의 몸과 지느러미로 바뀐 두 개의 다리를 가지고 있다. 강돌고래들은 원추형 이빨과 긴 부리를 사용하여 어두운 물에서 빠르게 움직이는 먹이를 잡는다. 공기와 물에 모두 적응된 잘 발달된 청력을 가지고 있다. 강돌고래가 헤엄치는 물은 대개는 진흙이 많기 때문에 실제로 시력에 의존하지 않는다.따뜻하고 얕은 물에서 살기에 잘 적응되어 있으며, 다른 고래류와는 달리 고래지방이 거의 없다. 강돌고래의 서식지는 널리 퍼져있지 않고, 특정 강이나 강 하구에 국한된다. 따라서 서식지 파괴에 극도로 취약하다. 강돌고래는 주로 물고기를 먹고 산다. 수컷 강돌고래는 일반적으로 매년 여러 마리의 암컷과 짝짓기를 하지만, 암컷은 2~3년마다 짝짓기를 한다. 새끼는 일반적으로 봄과 여름에 태어나고, 암컷은 새끼를 키우는 모든 책임을 진다. 강돌고래는 다양한 발성을 내며, 대개 클릭과 휘파람의 형태로 나타난다. (ko) Os golfinhos fuviais são um grupo polifilético de mamíferos totalmente aquáticos que residem exclusivamente em água doce ou salobra. Eles são um agrupamento informal de golfinhos, que por sua vez é um grupo parafilético dentro da infraordem Cetacea. Os botos de rio existentes são colocados em duas superfamílias, platanistoidea e inioidea. Eles compreendem as famílias existentes Platanistidae (os golfinhos indianos) (família do Velho Mundo), Iniidae (os golfinhos amazônicos) e Pontoporiidae (os golfinhos salgados) (famílias do Novo Mundo). Existem cinco espécies existentes de golfinhos fuviais. Os botos de rios, ao lado de outros cetáceos, pertencem ao clado Cetartiodactyla, com Artiodátilos, e seus parentes vivos mais próximos, os hipopótamos, dos quais divergiram há cerca de 40 milhões de anos. Em 2021, pesquisadores propuseram que as duas subespécies do golfinho do rio sul asiático (Platanista gangetica) - o golfinho do rio Indus (Platanista gangetica minor) e o golfinho do rio Ganges (Platanista gangetica gangetica) - deveriam ser reconhecidas como espécies completas distintas. (pt) Річкові дельфіни — нетаксономічна група дельфінів, яку раніше розглядали як надродину Platanistoidea (Платаністуваті). Ця група ссавців об'єднує три сучасні родини підряду дельфіноподібних (Delphinimorpha) ряду китоподібних (Cetacea). (uk) Речные дельфины — полифилетическая группа зубатых китов, обитающих в основном в пресной воде. К речным дельфинам относятся представители современных надсемейств Platanistoidea и , а также вероятно вымершего семейства озёрных дельфинов (Lipotidae). Объединение этих таксонов не основано на их родстве, из-за чего данная группа не выделяются в современной биологической систематике. Раннее надсемейство Platanistoidea трактовалось в более широком смысле, и в него включали всех речных дельфинов. Речными дельфинами считаются семь рецентных видов, обитающих в пресноводных экосистемах; некоторые особи ла-платского дельфина живут в океане и эстуариях. (ru) |
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| dbp:above | River dolphins (en) |
| dbp:abovestyle | background:#cfc; (en) |
| dbp:caption | Four major species of river dolphins (en) |
| dbp:data | dbr:File:Cetacea_range_map_South_Asian_river_dolphin.png dbr:File:Inia_range_map_PLoS_ONE.jpg * Parvorder Odontoceti * Family Platanistidae * Family Lipotidae * Family Iniidae * Family Pontoporiidae (en) |
| dbp:header | Information (en) |
| dbp:headerstyle | background:#ccf; (en) |
| dbp:label | Families considered river dolphins (en) New World range map (en) Old World range map (en) |
| dbp:labelstyle | background:#ddf; (en) |
| dbp:name | River dolphin (en) |
| dbp:subheader | River dolphins are not a taxon, they are an informal grouping of the infraorder Cetacea (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:River_dolphins dbc:Extant_Oligocene_first_appearances dbc:Animals_that_use_echolocation dbc:Mammal_common_names |
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| rdfs:comment | Річкові дельфіни — нетаксономічна група дельфінів, яку раніше розглядали як надродину Platanistoidea (Платаністуваті). Ця група ссавців об'єднує три сучасні родини підряду дельфіноподібних (Delphinimorpha) ряду китоподібних (Cetacea). (uk) Als Flussdelfine oder Süßwasserdelfine, manchmal auch Süßwasserwale, werden verschiedene Arten der Wale bezeichnet, die im Süß- und Brackwasser leben und die teilweise ursprünglich einer gemeinsamen taxonomischen Gruppe zugeordnet wurden: * die Amazonas-Flussdelfine (Iniidae) * der Chinesische Flussdelfin (Lipotes vexillifer) * der La-Plata-Delfin (Pontoporia blainvillei) * der Ganges- und der Indus-Delfin, siehe Platanista (de) Les dauphins d'eau douce sont des cétacés odontocètes appartenant à trois super-familles : les Platanistoidea, les Inioidea et les Lipotoidea (éteints). On ne dénombre que six espèces modernes : le dauphin du Gange et le dauphin de l'Indus dans le genre Platanista, le boto et Inia araguaiaensis dans le genre Inia, le dauphin de la Plata dans le genre Pontoporia et le dauphin de Chine dans le genre Lipotes. Ces genres, longtemps réunis dans la famille des Platanistidés, sont aujourd'hui répartis dans quatre familles distinctes : les Platanistidae, les Iniidae, les Pontoporiidae et les Lipotidae. (fr) River dolphins are a polyphyletic group of fully aquatic mammals that reside exclusively in freshwater or brackish water. They are an informal grouping of dolphins, which itself is a paraphyletic group within the infraorder Cetacea. Extant river dolphins are placed in two superfamilies, Platanistoidea and Inioidea. They comprise the families Platanistidae (the South Asian dolphins), the recently extinct Lipotidae (Yangtze river dolphin), Iniidae (the Amazonian dolphins) and Pontoporiidae. There are five extant species of river dolphins. River dolphins, alongside other cetaceans, belong to the clade Artiodactyla, with even-toed ungulates, and their closest living relatives the hippopotamuses, from which they diverged about 40 million years ago. Specific types of Dolphins can be pink. (en) 강돌고래는 담수 또는 기수에만 서식하는 이다. 돌고래의 비공식적인 그룹이며, 고래하목의 측계통군이다. 현존하는 강돌고래는 인도강돌고래상과(Platanistoidea)와 아마존강돌고래상과(Inioidea)의 두 상과로 분류된다. 각각은 인도강돌고래과, 아마존강돌고래과, 라플라타돌고래과로 구성된다. 강돌고래는 다른 돌고래에 비해 상대적으로 작으며, 따뜻하고 얕은 물과 물살이 강한 강물에서 살아남기 위해 진화했다. 그들은 1.5m 길이의 인도강돌고래에서 2.4m에 100kg의 아마존강돌고래까지 크기가 다양하다. 몇몇 종은 수컷이 암컷보다 크다는 점에서 성적 이형성을 보인다. 유선형의 몸과 지느러미로 바뀐 두 개의 다리를 가지고 있다. 강돌고래들은 원추형 이빨과 긴 부리를 사용하여 어두운 물에서 빠르게 움직이는 먹이를 잡는다. 공기와 물에 모두 적응된 잘 발달된 청력을 가지고 있다. 강돌고래가 헤엄치는 물은 대개는 진흙이 많기 때문에 실제로 시력에 의존하지 않는다.따뜻하고 얕은 물에서 살기에 잘 적응되어 있으며, 다른 고래류와는 달리 고래지방이 거의 없다. (ko) Os golfinhos fuviais são um grupo polifilético de mamíferos totalmente aquáticos que residem exclusivamente em água doce ou salobra. Eles são um agrupamento informal de golfinhos, que por sua vez é um grupo parafilético dentro da infraordem Cetacea. Os botos de rio existentes são colocados em duas superfamílias, platanistoidea e inioidea. Eles compreendem as famílias existentes Platanistidae (os golfinhos indianos) (família do Velho Mundo), Iniidae (os golfinhos amazônicos) e Pontoporiidae (os golfinhos salgados) (famílias do Novo Mundo). Existem cinco espécies existentes de golfinhos fuviais. Os botos de rios, ao lado de outros cetáceos, pertencem ao clado Cetartiodactyla, com Artiodátilos, e seus parentes vivos mais próximos, os hipopótamos, dos quais divergiram há cerca de 40 milhões de (pt) Речные дельфины — полифилетическая группа зубатых китов, обитающих в основном в пресной воде. К речным дельфинам относятся представители современных надсемейств Platanistoidea и , а также вероятно вымершего семейства озёрных дельфинов (Lipotidae). Объединение этих таксонов не основано на их родстве, из-за чего данная группа не выделяются в современной биологической систематике. Раннее надсемейство Platanistoidea трактовалось в более широком смысле, и в него включали всех речных дельфинов. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Říční delfín (cs) Flussdelfin (de) River dolphin (en) Dauphin d'eau douce (fr) 강돌고래 (ko) Golfinho fluvial (pt) Речные дельфины (ru) Річкові дельфіни (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Baiji |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:River dolphin freebase:River dolphin wikidata:River dolphin dbpedia-af:River dolphin dbpedia-az:River dolphin dbpedia-bg:River dolphin dbpedia-cs:River dolphin dbpedia-de:River dolphin dbpedia-fr:River dolphin dbpedia-gl:River dolphin dbpedia-hr:River dolphin dbpedia-hu:River dolphin dbpedia-ko:River dolphin dbpedia-pt:River dolphin dbpedia-ru:River dolphin http://sco.dbpedia.org/resource/River_dowphin dbpedia-simple:River dolphin dbpedia-uk:River dolphin https://global.dbpedia.org/id/27Kcy |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:River_dolphin?oldid=1118854003&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Delfinekko.gif wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NOVO_AIRÃO.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Arktocara_NT_small.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Baiji_conservation_efforts_map.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Cetacea_range_map_South_Asian_river_dolphin.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Cetacean_phylogeny_PLoS_ONE_2014-01-22.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Indus_River_dolphin_skull_cast.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Inia_geofrensis_río_Negro.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Inia_range_map_PLoS_ONE.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Qiqi,_a_Chinese_River_Dolphin_(Baiji)_26.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Acuario_de_Valencia.jpg |
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