Japanese maps (original) (raw)

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日本地図（にほんちず）とは、日本国の領域あるいはそれを構成する主たる要素である日本列島小島とその周辺地域を描いた地図のことである。 現在の日本の地図は、国土地理院が定期的に日本全土を測量し発行する「国土地理院発行地形図」が基本となっている。

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dbo:abstract The earliest known term used for maps in Japan is believed to be kata (形, roughly "form"), which was probably in use until roughly the 8th century. During the Nara period, the term zu (図) came into use, but the term most widely used and associated with maps in pre-modern Japan is ezu (絵図, roughly "picture diagram"). As the term implies, ezu were not necessarily geographically accurate depictions of physical landscape, as is generally associated with maps in modern times, but pictorial images, often including spiritual landscape in addition to physical geography. Ezu often focused on the conveyance of relative information as opposed to adherence to visible contour. For example, an ezu of a temple may include surrounding scenery and clouds to give an impression of nature, human figures to give a sense of how the depicted space is used, and a scale in which more important buildings may appear bigger than less important ones, regardless of actual physical size. In the late 18th century, translators in Nagasaki translated the Dutch word (land)kaart into Japanese as chizu (地図): today the generally accepted Japanese word for a map. From 1800 (Kansei 12) through 1821 (Bunsei 4), Inō Tadataka led a government-sponsored topographic surveying and map-making project. This is considered the first modern geographer's survey of Japan; and the map based on this survey became widely known as the Ino-zu. Later, the Meiji government officially began using the Japanese term chizu in the education system, solidifying the place of the term chizu for "map" in Japanese. (en) Le plus ancien terme connu utilisé en japonais pour carte du Japon semble être kata (形, approximativement « forme »), probablement utilisé jusqu'au VIIIe siècle environ. Durant l'époque de Nara, le terme zu (図) entre en usage mais le terme le plus largement utilisé et associé aux cartes du Japon pré moderne est ezu (絵図, approximativement « image de schéma »). Comme le terme l'indique, les ezu ne sont pas nécessairement des représentations géographiquement précises d'un paysage physique, comme est généralement la perception associée aux cartes des temps modernes, mais des images picturales comprenant souvent un paysage spirituel en plus de la géographie physique. Les ezu se concentrent souvent sur la transmission d'informations relatives par opposition à l'adhésion au contour visible. L'ezu d'un temple par exemple peut inclure le paysage environnant et des nuages pour donner une impression de la nature, des personnages pour donner une idée de comment l'espace représenté est utilisé et une échelle d'après laquelle les bâtiments les plus importants (par leur usage ou ce qu'ils représentent symboliquement) peuvent apparaître plus grands que les moins importants, indépendamment de leur taille physique réelle. À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les traducteurs de néerlandais à Nagasaki traduisent le mot kaart (« carte » en néerlandais) par chizu (地図, maintenant la traduction généralement admise pour « carte ») en japonais. De 1800 (ère Kansei 12) jusqu'en 1821 (ère Bunsei 4), Inō Tadataka mène une levée topographique et un projet cartographique parrainés par le gouvernement. Cette entreprise est considérée comme la première enquête géographique moderne du Japon et la carte fondée sur ces relevés devient largement connue sous le nom Ino-zu. Plus tard, le gouvernement de Meiji commence officiellement à utiliser le terme japonais chizu dans le système d'éducation, consolidant ainsi l'usage du terme pour « carte ». (fr) 日本地図（にほんちず）とは、日本国の領域あるいはそれを構成する主たる要素である日本列島小島とその周辺地域を描いた地図のことである。 現在の日本の地図は、国土地理院が定期的に日本全土を測量し発行する「国土地理院発行地形図」が基本となっている。 (ja)
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dbp:date July 2018 (en)
dbp:reason Was Ryūkyū really a province? (en)
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dcterms:subject dbc:Maps_of_Japan
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rdfs:comment 日本地図（にほんちず）とは、日本国の領域あるいはそれを構成する主たる要素である日本列島小島とその周辺地域を描いた地図のことである。 現在の日本の地図は、国土地理院が定期的に日本全土を測量し発行する「国土地理院発行地形図」が基本となっている。 (ja) The earliest known term used for maps in Japan is believed to be kata (形, roughly "form"), which was probably in use until roughly the 8th century. During the Nara period, the term zu (図) came into use, but the term most widely used and associated with maps in pre-modern Japan is ezu (絵図, roughly "picture diagram"). As the term implies, ezu were not necessarily geographically accurate depictions of physical landscape, as is generally associated with maps in modern times, but pictorial images, often including spiritual landscape in addition to physical geography. Ezu often focused on the conveyance of relative information as opposed to adherence to visible contour. For example, an ezu of a temple may include surrounding scenery and clouds to give an impression of nature, human figures to gi (en) Le plus ancien terme connu utilisé en japonais pour carte du Japon semble être kata (形, approximativement « forme »), probablement utilisé jusqu'au VIIIe siècle environ. Durant l'époque de Nara, le terme zu (図) entre en usage mais le terme le plus largement utilisé et associé aux cartes du Japon pré moderne est ezu (絵図, approximativement « image de schéma »). Comme le terme l'indique, les ezu ne sont pas nécessairement des représentations géographiquement précises d'un paysage physique, comme est généralement la perception associée aux cartes des temps modernes, mais des images picturales comprenant souvent un paysage spirituel en plus de la géographie physique. Les ezu se concentrent souvent sur la transmission d'informations relatives par opposition à l'adhésion au contour visible. L'ezu (fr)
rdfs:label Cartes du Japon (fr) Japanese maps (en) 日本地図 (ja)
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