Joseph Luns (original) (raw)
Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, Països Baixos, 1911 - Brussel·les, Bèlgica 2002), fou un polític neerlandès, ministre d'Afers Estrangers al seu país i Secretari General de l'OTAN entre 1971 i 1984.
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| dbo:abstract | Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, Països Baixos, 1911 - Brussel·les, Bèlgica 2002), fou un polític neerlandès, ministre d'Afers Estrangers al seu país i Secretari General de l'OTAN entre 1971 i 1984. (ca) Joseph Luns (28. srpna 1911 Rotterdam – 17. července 2002 Brusel) byl nizozemský křesťanskodemokratický politik. Byl ministrem zahraničí Nizozemska v letech 1952–1971, tedy 19 let, což je historický rekord. V letech 1971–1984 byl generálním tajemníkem NATO. Byl členem (dnes již neexistující, navazuje na ni Christen-Democratisch Appèl). Před druhou světovou válkou byl členem fašistické Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland, opustil ji však roku 1936, před jejími největšími excesy, což ho uchránilo od poválečných perzekucí. Roku 1938 vstoupil do nizozemských diplomatických služeb, od roku 1949 byl nizozemským stálým zástupcem ve Spojených národech. V pozici ministra zahraničí byla jeho prioritou evropská integrace, posilování role NATO, normalizace Německé spolkové republiky a řešení koloniálního dědictví (Guinea, Indonésie). (cs) Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (* 28. August 1911 in Rotterdam; † 17. Juli 2002 in Brüssel) war ein niederländischer Politiker, Diplomat, Außenminister von 1952 bis 1971 sowie von 1971 bis 1984 NATO-Generalsekretär. (de) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, 1911ko abuztuaren 28a - Brusela, 2002ko uztailaren 17a) herbeheretar politikari eta diplomazialaria izan zen. Soldadutza itsas armadan egin zuen 1930-31n. Zuzenbidea ikasi zuen Amsterdam eta Leidengo unibertsitateetan eta ekonomia London School of Economicsen. Diplomazialaria izan zen hainbat enbaxadatan 1938 eta 1952 artean. 1952an Willem Dreesek bere gobernuko kanpo harremanetako ministro izendatu zuen. Diputatu izan zen 1956, 1967 eta 1971n Aderdi Herrikoi Katoliko hautagai gisa. Kanpo harremanetako ministro bezala jarraitu zuen Louis Beel, Jan de Quay, Victor Marijnen, Jo Cals, Jelle Zijlstra eta Piet de Jong lehen ministroen gobernuetan. 1971n Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundearen Idazkari orokorra izendatu zuten. 1984ra arte egon zen karguan. * Datuak: Q553882 * Multimedia: Joseph Luns (eu) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (28 de agosto de 1911 – 17 de julio de 2002) fue un político y diplomático neerlandés perteneciente al desaparecido (KVP), en la actualidad parte de Llamada Democristiana (CDA). Fue la persona que más tiempo ocupó el cargo de entre el 2 de septiembre de 1952 y el 6 de julio de 1971 y posteriormente el quinto (y el mayor en servicio) Secretario General de la OTAN por 13 años el 1 de octubre de 1971 hasta el 25 de junio de 1984. Luns nació en una familia católica, francófona y artística. La familia materna era originaria de Alsacia y Lorena pero se mudaron al Bélgica con la anexión de aquel territorio por el Imperio alemán en 1871. Su padre, Huib Luns, un polifacético artista y prolífico pedagogo que finalizó su carrera como profesor de dibujo arquitectónico en la Universidad de Tecnología de Delft. Realizó sus estudios secundarios entre Ámsterdam y Bruseleas. Estudió Derecho en la Universidad de Ámsterdam entre 1932 y 1937. (es) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (28 August 1911 – 17 July 2002) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist. He served as Secretary General of NATO from 1 October 1971 until 25 June 1984. Luns attended a gymnasium in Amsterdam from April 1924 until June 1930. He was conscripted in the Coastguard of the Royal Netherlands Navy serving as a warrant officer from June 1930 until July 1931. He applied at the University of Amsterdam in July 1931 majoring in law before transferring to the Leiden University in November 1932, obtaining a Bachelor of Laws degree in June 1933 and graduating with a Master of Laws degree in July 1937. He applied at the London School of Economics of the University of London in January 1938 for a postgraduate education in economics, obtaining a Bachelor of Economics degree in June 1938. He worked as a civil servant for the Diplomatic service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from October 1938 until September 1952 as an attaché in Bern, Switzerland, from December 1939 until April 1942, as an attaché in Lisbon, Portugal, from April 1942 until November 1943, as an attaché in London, England, from November 1943 until September 1949 and as chargé d'affaires at the United Nations in New York City from September 1949 until September 1952. After the election of 1952, Luns was appointed as Minister for Foreign Policy in the second Drees cabinet, taking office on 2 September 1952. He was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1956, taking office on 3 July 1956. Following the cabinet formation of 1956 he was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet Drees III, taking office on 13 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1958 when it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Beel II with Luns remaining as Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 22 December 1958. After the 1959 Dutch general election, he was elected again as a Member of the House of Representatives but declined to take office. Following the cabinet formation of 1959, he continued as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet De Quay, taking office on 19 May 1959. After election of 1963, he was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives but again declined to take office. Following the cabinet formation of 1963, he remained as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet Marijnen, taking office on 24 July 1963. The Cabinet Marijnen fell on 27 February 1965 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1965 when it was replaced by the Cabinet Cals with Luns continuing as Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 14 April 1965. The Cabinet Cals fell just one year later on 14 October 1966 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1966 when it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra with Luns remaining as Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 22 November 1966. After the election of 1967, he returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 23 February 1967. Following the cabinet formation of 1967, he continued as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet De Jong, taking office on 5 April 1967. After the election of 1971, he again returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 11 May 1971. Following the cabinet formation of 1971, per his own request, he asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new cabinet. The Cabinet De Jong was replaced by the Cabinet Biesheuvel I on 6 July 1971, in which Luns served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Foreign Affairs. In September 1971 Luns was nominated as the next Secretary General of NATO. He resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as secretary general, serving from 1 October 1971 to 25 June 1984. He retired after 31 years in national politics and became active in the public sector, where he was a diplomat and lobbyist for several economic delegations on behalf of the government and as an advocate for United States–European Union relations and European integration. Luns was known for his abilities as a negotiator and debater. He continued to comment on political affairs as an statesman until his retirement in 1996 after suffering a stroke. He died six years later at the age of 90, and holds the distinction as the longest-serving Secretary General of NATO (12 years, 268 days), the longest-serving Minister of Foreign Affairs (14 years, 266 days), the longest-serving government minister after World War II (18 years, 307 days). (en) Joseph Luns, né le 28 août 1911 à Rotterdam aux Pays-Bas et mort le 17 juillet 2002 à Bruxelles en Belgique, est un homme d'État et diplomate néerlandais. Il est le ministre néerlandais des Affaires étrangères étant resté le plus longtemps en poste, du 2 septembre 1952 au 6 juillet 1971, puis le cinquième secrétaire général de l'OTAN, mandaté du 1er octobre 1971 au 25 juin 1984, également détenteur du record de longévité dans cette fonction. Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. Votre aide est la bienvenue ! Comment faire ? Membre du Parti populaire catholique, il reçoit le prix International Charlemagne ainsi que la Grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur et la médaille présidentielle de la Liberté. (fr) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (lahir, 28 Agustus 1911 di Rotterdam, Belanda - meninggal, 17 Juli 2002 di Brussels, Belgia) adalah seorang politisi Belanda yang menjabat selama 19 tahun sebagai menteri luar negeri dari Belanda. Sebelum pada akhirnya Luns dianggat sebagai sekretaris jendral NATO pada tahun 1971. Joseph Luns lahir dalam Katolik Roma, Ia berasal dari keluarga . Ayahnya adalah seorang seniman serba bisa dan pendidik berbakat, yang mengakhiri kariernya sebagai profesor gambar arsitektur di Technical University of Delft. Ia menempuh pendidikan menengahnya di Amsterdam dan Brussels. Setelah itu Ia memilih untuk menjadi seorang perwira Belanda Royal Navy, tetapi terdaftar terlambat. Oleh karena itu, Luns memutuskan untuk belajar hukum di Universitas Amsterdam selama periode 1932-1937. Seperti ayahnya, Luns menunjukkan preferensi untuk partai politik konservatif dan otoriter dan minat dalam politik internasional. Sebagai seorang mahasiswa muda ia menempatkan diri pada hak politik, mendukung otoritas yang kuat bagi negara yang menggunakan paham sosialisme, karena ideologi idealisnya, telah dipupuk meningkatnya fasisme dan nazisme. Luns sendiri telah menjadi anggota dari Gerakan Sosialis Nasional di Belanda (NSB), tetapi pada akhirnya Luns meninggalkan gerakan ini pada tahun 1936. Luns memegang posisi sekretaris jenderal NATO hingga tahun 1984. Selama masa jabatannya di NATO, Luns mempunyai komitmen yang konservatif untuk hubungan dengan Amerika Serikat dan Inggris, serta Luns juga berhati-hati kepada skeptis terhadap kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh Uni Soviet. Ia merupakan orang yang telah mendorong pemerintah Eropa untuk meningkatkan jumlah pengeluaran militer dan menudukung penuh rencana untuk pemasangan rudal balistik di Eropa Barat. Kecerdasan dan ketangkasan Luns dalam membimbing NATO ini, membuatnya mendapatkan banyak pujian dari berbagai pihak. (in) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert (Joseph) Luns (Rotterdam, 28 augustus 1911 – Brussel, 17 juli 2002) was een Nederlands diplomaat en politicus. Tussen 1952 en 1971 diende hij in acht Nederlandse kabinetten als minister, de eerste vier jaar als minister zonder portefeuille en vanaf 1956 als minister van Buitenlandse Zaken. Van 1971 tot 1984 was hij secretaris-generaal van de NAVO. Luns groeide op in achtereenvolgens Rotterdam, Vught en Amsterdam. Hij studeerde in Leiden en Amsterdam, en na zijn studietijd werd hij toegelaten tot de diplomatieke dienst. Als attaché zat hij tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Bern, Lissabon en Londen. Na de oprichting van de Verenigde Naties werd hij de Nederlandse gezant bij deze organisatie. In 1952 werd hij minister in het kabinet-Drees II. Vier jaar later werd hij minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, een positie die hij tot 1971 bekleedde. Tijdens deze periode was hij intensief betrokken bij de Europese integratie. Ook gaf hij jarenlang vorm aan het Nederlandse Nieuw-Guineabeleid dat de buitenlandse politiek van Nederland begin jaren 60 domineerde. Tijdens zijn ministerschap had Luns internationaal een naam opgebouwd als effectief minister en onderhandelaar, die zelfs de internationale betekenis van Nederland oversteeg. In zijn periode als secretaris-generaal van de NAVO zette hij zich in voor verbeterde trans-Atlantische betrekkingen en ontwapeningspolitiek. Na zijn pensioen bleef hij in Brussel wonen, waar hij in 2002 op bijna 91-jarige leeftijd overleed. Het beleid van Luns kan het best gekenmerkt worden als realpolitik. Luns werd door zijn politieke tegenstanders neergezet als een conservatief en reactionair politicus. Historicus Martin Bossenbroek omschrijft Luns als "geen idealist, maar een realistische machtspoliticus en als zodanig een succesvol onderhandelaar, een conservatieve nationalist, 'maar niet reactionair'." Bossenbroek beschrijft hem verder als iemand die ruimtes vulde met zijn air, anekdotes, zijn lengte van 1,95 meter en ongezouten meningen. (nl) Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (ur. 28 sierpnia 1911 w Rotterdamie, zm. 18 lipca 2002 w Brukseli) – holenderski polityk, sekretarz generalny NATO. (pl) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, 17 aprile 1911 – Bruxelles, 17 luglio 2002) è stato un politico e diplomatico olandese. (it) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns, född den 28 augusti 1911 i Rotterdam, död den 17 juli 2002 i Bryssel, Belgien, var en nederländsk politiker och diplomat, Nederländernas utrikesminister 1952–1971 och Natos generalsekreterare från 1971 till 1984. (sv) Йозеф Антуан Мари Хьюберт Лунс (нидерл. Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns, 28 августа 1911, Роттердам, Нидерланды — 17 июля 2002, Брюссель, Бельгия) — нидерландский дипломат и политический деятель. Министр иностранных дел Нидерландов (1956—1971). Генеральный секретарь НАТО (1971—1984). (ru) 约瑟夫·玛丽·安托万·休伯特·伦斯（荷蘭語：Joseph Maria Antoine Hubert Luns；1911年8月28日－2002年7月17日），是荷兰的政治家，荷兰天主教人民党，曾出任荷兰外交部长，北约秘书长。 (zh) Йозеф Антуан Марі Х'юберт Лунс (нід. Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns, 28 серпня 1911, Роттердам, Нідерланди — 17 липня 2002, Брюссель, Бельгія) — голландський політик та дипломат, член колишньої Католицької народної партії, яка зараз об'єднана з партією Християнсько-демократичний заклик. Він найдовше в історії займав пост (14 жовтня 1956 — 6 липня 1971), а також був п'ятим Генеральним секретарем НАТО з 1 жовтня 1971 — по 25 червня 1984 (також найдовше в історії). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, Països Baixos, 1911 - Brussel·les, Bèlgica 2002), fou un polític neerlandès, ministre d'Afers Estrangers al seu país i Secretari General de l'OTAN entre 1971 i 1984. (ca) Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (* 28. August 1911 in Rotterdam; † 17. Juli 2002 in Brüssel) war ein niederländischer Politiker, Diplomat, Außenminister von 1952 bis 1971 sowie von 1971 bis 1984 NATO-Generalsekretär. (de) Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns (ur. 28 sierpnia 1911 w Rotterdamie, zm. 18 lipca 2002 w Brukseli) – holenderski polityk, sekretarz generalny NATO. (pl) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, 17 aprile 1911 – Bruxelles, 17 luglio 2002) è stato un politico e diplomatico olandese. (it) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns, född den 28 augusti 1911 i Rotterdam, död den 17 juli 2002 i Bryssel, Belgien, var en nederländsk politiker och diplomat, Nederländernas utrikesminister 1952–1971 och Natos generalsekreterare från 1971 till 1984. (sv) Йозеф Антуан Мари Хьюберт Лунс (нидерл. Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns, 28 августа 1911, Роттердам, Нидерланды — 17 июля 2002, Брюссель, Бельгия) — нидерландский дипломат и политический деятель. Министр иностранных дел Нидерландов (1956—1971). Генеральный секретарь НАТО (1971—1984). (ru) 约瑟夫·玛丽·安托万·休伯特·伦斯（荷蘭語：Joseph Maria Antoine Hubert Luns；1911年8月28日－2002年7月17日），是荷兰的政治家，荷兰天主教人民党，曾出任荷兰外交部长，北约秘书长。 (zh) Йозеф Антуан Марі Х'юберт Лунс (нід. Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns, 28 серпня 1911, Роттердам, Нідерланди — 17 липня 2002, Брюссель, Бельгія) — голландський політик та дипломат, член колишньої Католицької народної партії, яка зараз об'єднана з партією Християнсько-демократичний заклик. Він найдовше в історії займав пост (14 жовтня 1956 — 6 липня 1971), а також був п'ятим Генеральним секретарем НАТО з 1 жовтня 1971 — по 25 червня 1984 (також найдовше в історії). (uk) Joseph Luns (28. srpna 1911 Rotterdam – 17. července 2002 Brusel) byl nizozemský křesťanskodemokratický politik. Byl ministrem zahraničí Nizozemska v letech 1952–1971, tedy 19 let, což je historický rekord. V letech 1971–1984 byl generálním tajemníkem NATO. (cs) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (28 August 1911 – 17 July 2002) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist. He served as Secretary General of NATO from 1 October 1971 until 25 June 1984. (en) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (Rotterdam, 1911ko abuztuaren 28a - Brusela, 2002ko uztailaren 17a) herbeheretar politikari eta diplomazialaria izan zen. Soldadutza itsas armadan egin zuen 1930-31n. Zuzenbidea ikasi zuen Amsterdam eta Leidengo unibertsitateetan eta ekonomia London School of Economicsen. Diplomazialaria izan zen hainbat enbaxadatan 1938 eta 1952 artean. 1952an Willem Dreesek bere gobernuko kanpo harremanetako ministro izendatu zuen. Diputatu izan zen 1956, 1967 eta 1971n Aderdi Herrikoi Katoliko hautagai gisa. Kanpo harremanetako ministro bezala jarraitu zuen Louis Beel, Jan de Quay, Victor Marijnen, Jo Cals, Jelle Zijlstra eta Piet de Jong lehen ministroen gobernuetan. 1971n Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundearen Idazkari orokorra izendatu zuten. 1984ra arte egon zen karg (eu) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (28 de agosto de 1911 – 17 de julio de 2002) fue un político y diplomático neerlandés perteneciente al desaparecido (KVP), en la actualidad parte de Llamada Democristiana (CDA). Fue la persona que más tiempo ocupó el cargo de entre el 2 de septiembre de 1952 y el 6 de julio de 1971 y posteriormente el quinto (y el mayor en servicio) Secretario General de la OTAN por 13 años el 1 de octubre de 1971 hasta el 25 de junio de 1984. (es) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (lahir, 28 Agustus 1911 di Rotterdam, Belanda - meninggal, 17 Juli 2002 di Brussels, Belgia) adalah seorang politisi Belanda yang menjabat selama 19 tahun sebagai menteri luar negeri dari Belanda. Sebelum pada akhirnya Luns dianggat sebagai sekretaris jendral NATO pada tahun 1971. (in) Joseph Luns, né le 28 août 1911 à Rotterdam aux Pays-Bas et mort le 17 juillet 2002 à Bruxelles en Belgique, est un homme d'État et diplomate néerlandais. Il est le ministre néerlandais des Affaires étrangères étant resté le plus longtemps en poste, du 2 septembre 1952 au 6 juillet 1971, puis le cinquième secrétaire général de l'OTAN, mandaté du 1er octobre 1971 au 25 juin 1984, également détenteur du record de longévité dans cette fonction. Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. Votre aide est la bienvenue ! Comment faire ? (fr) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert (Joseph) Luns (Rotterdam, 28 augustus 1911 – Brussel, 17 juli 2002) was een Nederlands diplomaat en politicus. Tussen 1952 en 1971 diende hij in acht Nederlandse kabinetten als minister, de eerste vier jaar als minister zonder portefeuille en vanaf 1956 als minister van Buitenlandse Zaken. Van 1971 tot 1984 was hij secretaris-generaal van de NAVO. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Joseph Luns (ca) Joseph Luns (cs) Joseph Luns (en) Joseph Luns (de) Joseph Luns (es) Joseph Luns (eu) Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (in) Joseph Luns (fr) Joseph Luns (it) Joseph Luns (nl) Joseph Luns (pl) Лунс, Йозеф (ru) Joseph Luns (sv) Йозеф Лунс (uk) 约瑟夫·伦斯 (zh) |
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