Li Xiannian (original) (raw)
لى شيان نيان (بالصينية: 李先念) (مواليد 23 يونيو 1909 - الوفاة 21 يونيو 1992)وكان هو رئيس جمهورية الصين الشعبية من 1983 إلى 1988.
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| dbo:abstract | Li Sien-nien (čínsky pchin-jinem Li Xiannian, znaky 李先念; 23. června 1909 – 21. června 1992), byl čínský politik a prezident Čínské lidové republiky v rozmezí let 1983–1988. Li vstoupil do komunistické strany v roce 1927 a roku 1935 se účastnil Dlouhého pochodu coby armádní kapitán a politický komisař. Roku 1945 se stal členem Ústředního výboru Komunistické strany Číny. Po založení Čínské lidové republiky v roce 1949 získal pozici guvernéra ve své rodné provincii Chu-pej. V roce 1954 se stal ministrem financí a roku 1956 byl zvolen členem politbyra ÚV KS Číny. V době Velké proletářské kulturní revoluce přišel o funkci ministra financí. Důvodem byly jeho těsné vazby na Teng Siao-pchinga. Roku 1973 se však na post ministra financí vrátil, když byl znovujmenován Čou En-lajem.[zdroj?] Li tak sehrál důležitou roli v obnově kulturní revolucí zdevastované ekonomiky Číny. V letech 1983–1988 zastával funkci prezidenta komunistické Číny. V roce 1985 navštívil Spojené státy a stal se tak nejvyšším představitelem ČLR, který do té doby USA navštívil. I po svém odchodu z politiky zůstával vlivnou osobností a během nepokojů na Náměstí nebeského klidu v roce 1989 silně odporoval vůči tvrdému zásahu vůči protestující mládeži.[zdroj?] (cs) لى شيان نيان (بالصينية: 李先念) (مواليد 23 يونيو 1909 - الوفاة 21 يونيو 1992)وكان هو رئيس جمهورية الصين الشعبية من 1983 إلى 1988. (ar) Li Xiannian (23 de juny de 1909 - 21 de juny de 1992) va ser un polític xinès, president de la República Popular de la Xina entre 1983 i 1988 i després president de la fins a la seva mort. (ca) Li Xiannian (chinesisch 李先念, Pinyin Lǐ Xiānniàn, W.-G. Li Hsien-nien; * 23. Juni 1909 in Hong’an (Hubei); † 21. Juni 1992 in Peking) war ein kommunistischer Militärführer, Politiker, Finanzminister und Staatspräsident der Volksrepublik China von 1983 bis 1988. Li gehörte zur Ersten Chinesischen Führungsgeneration und zählt zu den Acht Unsterblichen der kommunistischen Partei Chinas. (de) Lǐ Xiānniàn, chino tradicional: 李先念, pinyin: Lǐ Xiānniàn, Wade-Giles: Li Hsien-nien) (*23 de junio de 1909 – 21 de junio de 1992), fue un político chino, III Presidente de la República Popular China entre 1983 y 1988. Li se unió al Partido Comunista Chino en 1927, y fue capitán del ejército y comisario político del Ejército Rojo durante la Larga Marcha. Considerado uno de los Ocho Inmortales del Partido Comunista de China. (es) Li Xiannian (txinera tradizionalez: 李先念; pinyinez: Lǐ Xiānniàn; Wade–Giles: Li Hsien-nien, li-xian1nian ahoskatua;Huanggang, Hubei, Qing dinastia, 1909ko ekainaren 23a - Pekin, Txina, 1992ko ekainaren 21a) txinatar militar eta politikaria izan zen. (eu) Li Xiannian (chinois classique : 李先念 ; pinyin : Lǐ Xiānniàn), né le 23 juin 1909 et mort le 21 juin 1992, est un homme d'État communiste chinois, qui est président de la république populaire de Chine entre le 18 juin 1983 et le 8 avril 1988. (fr) Li Xiannian (pronounced [lì ɕjɛ́nnjɛ̂n]; 23 June 1909 – 21 June 1992) was a Chinese Communist military and political leader, President of the People's Republic of China (de jure head of state) from 1983 to 1988 under Paramount Leader Deng Xiaoping and then Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1988 until his death. He was a full member of the Politburo from 1956 to 1987, and of its Standing Committee from 1977 to 1987. Li worked as an apprentice carpenter in his teenage years to support his family. He joined the Communist Party in December 1927 and became a soldier in the Chinese Red Army. After studying at the Military–Political University and the Central Party School, he became an influential and successful military commander during the Second Sino–Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, distinguishing himself in the Huai–Hai Campaign. After the PRC was established, he served as Governor and Party Secretary of his native Hubei Province from 1949 to 1954, and then joined the central leadership in Beijing, serving as Minister of Finance (1954–1970) and Vice Premier (1954–1982). He supported Mao Zedong's designated successor, Hua Guofeng, and was named Vice Chairman of the Party (1977–1982). One of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party, he was considered the most leftist among them, both politically and economically. Li played a key role in blocking privatizations and maintaining state control in many sectors of the economy, promoted classical Communist political and cultural values through his patronage of theorists such as Hu Qiaomu and Deng Liqun, and was instrumental in purging liberals Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang. He enthusiastically advocated for the military suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests. (en) Li Xiannian (23 Juni 1909 – 21 Juni 1992) adalah Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok antara tahun 1983 dan 1988 dan kemudian Ketua Konferensi Konsultatif Politik Rakyat Tiongkok sampai kematiannya. Li adalah seorang tokoh politik yang berpengaruh di seluruh RRT, karena telah menjadi anggota Politbiro Partai Komunis Tiongkok dari tahun 1956. Ia mulai terkenal di Partai Komunis Tiongkok pada tahun 1976, ketika Hua Guofeng menggantikan Mao Zedong sebagai Ketua Partai Komunis Tiongkok. Pada puncak kariernya pada 1980-an, Li dianggap salah satu arsitek paling berpengaruh dari kebijakan ekonomi Tiongkok setelah Revolusi Kebudayaan, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari Delapan Sesepuh Partai Komunis Tiongkok. (in) 리셴녠(중국어: 李先念, 병음: Lǐ Xiānniàn, 한자음: 이선념, 1909년 6월 23일 ~ 1992년 6월 21일)은 중화인민공화국의 군인, 정치가이다. 그는 아직 현역 중국 인민해방군 육군 대좌 시절이던 1950년부터 1954년까지 중공 후베이 성 인민회의 의장 직책에 있었으며 해당 직책 재직중이던 1952년 2월 29일을 기하여 중공 지상군 대좌 예편하였다. 1983년부터 1988년까지 중화인민공화국 국가주석이었으며 한때 1984년 1월 25일부터 1984년 2월 29일까지 당시 중화인민공화국 국가부주석 우란푸(烏蘭夫)가 잠시 중화인민공화국 국가주석 권한대행을 두 달 간 겸직하였으나 모든 전적으로써 실질적인 국정 관련 실권은 모두 덩샤오핑(鄧小平)에게 있었다. 아명(兒名)은 리취안야(李全伢/이전아). (ko) Li Xiannian (cinese semplificato: 李先念; pinyin: Lǐ Xiānniàn; Wade-Giles: Li Hsien-nien) è stato un politico cinese. È considerato uno degli otto anziani del Partito Comunista Cinese. (it) 李先念（り せんねん、簡体字：李先念、繁体字：李先念、英語：Li Xiannian、リー・シエンニエン、1909年6月23日 – 1992年6月21日）は、中華人民共和国の政治家。中国共産党の八大元老の1人で、中国共産党中央委員会副主席、国務院副総理、第3代国家主席を歴任した。国家主席退任後は第5代中国人民政治協商会議主席の座にあった。 (ja) Li Xiannian (Chinees: 李先念, Hanyu pinyin: Lǐ Xiānniàn) ( (Hubei), Qing-dynastie, 23 juni 1909 - Peking, Volksrepubliek China, 21 juni 1992), zijn naam wordt ook wel als Li Hsien-nien gespeld, was de president van de Volksrepubliek China van 1983 tot 1988. Li werd lid van de Communistische Partij van China in 1927 en diende als kapitein en politiek commissaris in het Volksbevrijdingsleger tijdens de Lange Mars. Hij was een invloedrijk persoon in de Volksrepubliek China, onder ander door zijn lidmaatschap van het politbureau van de Communistische Partij sinds 1956. Hij verloor invloed na de Culturele Revolutie maar werd toch minister van financiën in 1973 onder Zhou Enlai. In deze functie maakte hij vroege bewegingen naar een meer marktgebaseerde economie. Gedurende enkele jaren was hij vicepremier. Zijn voorganger als president was Liu Shaoqi en hij werd opgevolgd door . (nl) Li Xiannian (ur. 23 czerwca 1909, zm. 21 czerwca 1992) – polityk chiński, Przewodniczący Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. (pl) Ли Сяньня́нь (кит. упр. 李先念, пиньинь Lǐ Xiānniàn; 23 июня 1909 — 21 июня 1992) — китайский государственный деятель, Председатель КНР в 1983—1988, затем председатель Народного политического консультативного совета Китая. Один из «Восьми Бессмертных КПК». (ru) Li Xiannian, född 23 juni 1909 i Hong'an, Hubei, död 21 juni 1992 i Peking, var en kinesisk kommunistisk politiker och militär. Li blev medlem i Kinas kommunistiska parti 1927, och var kapten och politisk kommissarie i Folkets befrielsearmé under Den långa marschen. Han förblev en inflytelserik politisk gestalt i Folkrepubliken, och var ledamot i politbyrån från 1956. Han var finansminister från 1954. Under Kulturrevolutionen föll han i onåd, men Zhou Enlai lyckades intervenera så att han blev återinsatt som finansminister 1973. Han var Folkrepubliken Kinas president 1983-1988 och ordförande för Kinesiska folkets politiskt rådgivande konferens fram till sin död. Li var en av de främsta opponenterna mot den ekonomiska reformpolitiken under Deng Xiaoping och var en av de äldre partiledare som stödde det våldsamma undertryckandet av protesterna på Himmelska fridens torg 1989. Han räknas som en av "de åtta odödliga" i kommunistpartiet. (sv) Li Xiannian (李先念) (23 de junho de 1909 - 21 de junho de 1992) foi Presidente da República Popular da China entre 1983 e 1988. Foi presidente da Conferência Consultiva Política do Povo Chinês até sua morte, em 1992. (pt) 李先念（1909年6月23日－1992年6月21日），乳名全伢，号克念，湖北黃安人，前中国共产党和中华人民共和国主要领导人之一、中国人民解放军高级将领，继刘少奇后第三位中华人民共和国主席。木匠出身。1927年12月，加入中国共产党，并担任中国工农红军第四方面军指挥领导工作，参与长征，之后率领西路军西征失败。抗日战争期间，担任新四军第五师师长等职位。第二次国共内战期间，与刘伯承、邓小平晋冀鲁豫部队进入中原。中华人民共和国成立后，其出任中共湖北省委书记、湖北省军区领导职位。之后担任国务院副总理，协助周恩来主持经济方面工作，并于“文化大革命”后期参与怀仁堂事变。80年代后，其先后担任中共中央副主席、中华人民共和国主席、全国政协主席等职务，还是第八至十一届中共中央政治局委员，第十二届中共中央政治局常委。他被认为是邓小平主政时期的「中共八大元老」之一，政治立场保守、反对大幅度改革开放，六四天安门事件时公开表态支持中央决定。1992年6月21日，李先念因病在北京逝世，享年83岁。 (zh) Лі Сяньнянь (спрощ.: 李先念; піньїнь: Lǐ Xiānniàn; 23 червня 1909 — 21 червня 1992) — китайський державний і політичний діяч, голова КНР у 1983—1988 роках, голова Народної політичної консультативної ради Китаю. Один з «Восьми Безсмертних КПК». (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | لى شيان نيان (بالصينية: 李先念) (مواليد 23 يونيو 1909 - الوفاة 21 يونيو 1992)وكان هو رئيس جمهورية الصين الشعبية من 1983 إلى 1988. (ar) Li Xiannian (23 de juny de 1909 - 21 de juny de 1992) va ser un polític xinès, president de la República Popular de la Xina entre 1983 i 1988 i després president de la fins a la seva mort. (ca) Li Xiannian (chinesisch 李先念, Pinyin Lǐ Xiānniàn, W.-G. Li Hsien-nien; * 23. Juni 1909 in Hong’an (Hubei); † 21. Juni 1992 in Peking) war ein kommunistischer Militärführer, Politiker, Finanzminister und Staatspräsident der Volksrepublik China von 1983 bis 1988. Li gehörte zur Ersten Chinesischen Führungsgeneration und zählt zu den Acht Unsterblichen der kommunistischen Partei Chinas. (de) Lǐ Xiānniàn, chino tradicional: 李先念, pinyin: Lǐ Xiānniàn, Wade-Giles: Li Hsien-nien) (*23 de junio de 1909 – 21 de junio de 1992), fue un político chino, III Presidente de la República Popular China entre 1983 y 1988. Li se unió al Partido Comunista Chino en 1927, y fue capitán del ejército y comisario político del Ejército Rojo durante la Larga Marcha. Considerado uno de los Ocho Inmortales del Partido Comunista de China. (es) Li Xiannian (txinera tradizionalez: 李先念; pinyinez: Lǐ Xiānniàn; Wade–Giles: Li Hsien-nien, li-xian1nian ahoskatua;Huanggang, Hubei, Qing dinastia, 1909ko ekainaren 23a - Pekin, Txina, 1992ko ekainaren 21a) txinatar militar eta politikaria izan zen. (eu) Li Xiannian (chinois classique : 李先念 ; pinyin : Lǐ Xiānniàn), né le 23 juin 1909 et mort le 21 juin 1992, est un homme d'État communiste chinois, qui est président de la république populaire de Chine entre le 18 juin 1983 et le 8 avril 1988. (fr) Li Xiannian (23 Juni 1909 – 21 Juni 1992) adalah Presiden Republik Rakyat Tiongkok antara tahun 1983 dan 1988 dan kemudian Ketua Konferensi Konsultatif Politik Rakyat Tiongkok sampai kematiannya. Li adalah seorang tokoh politik yang berpengaruh di seluruh RRT, karena telah menjadi anggota Politbiro Partai Komunis Tiongkok dari tahun 1956. Ia mulai terkenal di Partai Komunis Tiongkok pada tahun 1976, ketika Hua Guofeng menggantikan Mao Zedong sebagai Ketua Partai Komunis Tiongkok. Pada puncak kariernya pada 1980-an, Li dianggap salah satu arsitek paling berpengaruh dari kebijakan ekonomi Tiongkok setelah Revolusi Kebudayaan, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari Delapan Sesepuh Partai Komunis Tiongkok. (in) 리셴녠(중국어: 李先念, 병음: Lǐ Xiānniàn, 한자음: 이선념, 1909년 6월 23일 ~ 1992년 6월 21일)은 중화인민공화국의 군인, 정치가이다. 그는 아직 현역 중국 인민해방군 육군 대좌 시절이던 1950년부터 1954년까지 중공 후베이 성 인민회의 의장 직책에 있었으며 해당 직책 재직중이던 1952년 2월 29일을 기하여 중공 지상군 대좌 예편하였다. 1983년부터 1988년까지 중화인민공화국 국가주석이었으며 한때 1984년 1월 25일부터 1984년 2월 29일까지 당시 중화인민공화국 국가부주석 우란푸(烏蘭夫)가 잠시 중화인민공화국 국가주석 권한대행을 두 달 간 겸직하였으나 모든 전적으로써 실질적인 국정 관련 실권은 모두 덩샤오핑(鄧小平)에게 있었다. 아명(兒名)은 리취안야(李全伢/이전아). (ko) Li Xiannian (cinese semplificato: 李先念; pinyin: Lǐ Xiānniàn; Wade-Giles: Li Hsien-nien) è stato un politico cinese. È considerato uno degli otto anziani del Partito Comunista Cinese. (it) 李先念（り せんねん、簡体字：李先念、繁体字：李先念、英語：Li Xiannian、リー・シエンニエン、1909年6月23日 – 1992年6月21日）は、中華人民共和国の政治家。中国共産党の八大元老の1人で、中国共産党中央委員会副主席、国務院副総理、第3代国家主席を歴任した。国家主席退任後は第5代中国人民政治協商会議主席の座にあった。 (ja) Li Xiannian (ur. 23 czerwca 1909, zm. 21 czerwca 1992) – polityk chiński, Przewodniczący Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. (pl) Ли Сяньня́нь (кит. упр. 李先念, пиньинь Lǐ Xiānniàn; 23 июня 1909 — 21 июня 1992) — китайский государственный деятель, Председатель КНР в 1983—1988, затем председатель Народного политического консультативного совета Китая. Один из «Восьми Бессмертных КПК». (ru) Li Xiannian (李先念) (23 de junho de 1909 - 21 de junho de 1992) foi Presidente da República Popular da China entre 1983 e 1988. Foi presidente da Conferência Consultiva Política do Povo Chinês até sua morte, em 1992. (pt) 李先念（1909年6月23日－1992年6月21日），乳名全伢，号克念，湖北黃安人，前中国共产党和中华人民共和国主要领导人之一、中国人民解放军高级将领，继刘少奇后第三位中华人民共和国主席。木匠出身。1927年12月，加入中国共产党，并担任中国工农红军第四方面军指挥领导工作，参与长征，之后率领西路军西征失败。抗日战争期间，担任新四军第五师师长等职位。第二次国共内战期间，与刘伯承、邓小平晋冀鲁豫部队进入中原。中华人民共和国成立后，其出任中共湖北省委书记、湖北省军区领导职位。之后担任国务院副总理，协助周恩来主持经济方面工作，并于“文化大革命”后期参与怀仁堂事变。80年代后，其先后担任中共中央副主席、中华人民共和国主席、全国政协主席等职务，还是第八至十一届中共中央政治局委员，第十二届中共中央政治局常委。他被认为是邓小平主政时期的「中共八大元老」之一，政治立场保守、反对大幅度改革开放，六四天安门事件时公开表态支持中央决定。1992年6月21日，李先念因病在北京逝世，享年83岁。 (zh) Лі Сяньнянь (спрощ.: 李先念; піньїнь: Lǐ Xiānniàn; 23 червня 1909 — 21 червня 1992) — китайський державний і політичний діяч, голова КНР у 1983—1988 роках, голова Народної політичної консультативної ради Китаю. Один з «Восьми Безсмертних КПК». (uk) Li Sien-nien (čínsky pchin-jinem Li Xiannian, znaky 李先念; 23. června 1909 – 21. června 1992), byl čínský politik a prezident Čínské lidové republiky v rozmezí let 1983–1988. Li vstoupil do komunistické strany v roce 1927 a roku 1935 se účastnil Dlouhého pochodu coby armádní kapitán a politický komisař. Roku 1945 se stal členem Ústředního výboru Komunistické strany Číny. Po založení Čínské lidové republiky v roce 1949 získal pozici guvernéra ve své rodné provincii Chu-pej. V roce 1954 se stal ministrem financí a roku 1956 byl zvolen členem politbyra ÚV KS Číny. (cs) Li Xiannian (pronounced [lì ɕjɛ́nnjɛ̂n]; 23 June 1909 – 21 June 1992) was a Chinese Communist military and political leader, President of the People's Republic of China (de jure head of state) from 1983 to 1988 under Paramount Leader Deng Xiaoping and then Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1988 until his death. He was a full member of the Politburo from 1956 to 1987, and of its Standing Committee from 1977 to 1987. (en) Li Xiannian (Chinees: 李先念, Hanyu pinyin: Lǐ Xiānniàn) ( (Hubei), Qing-dynastie, 23 juni 1909 - Peking, Volksrepubliek China, 21 juni 1992), zijn naam wordt ook wel als Li Hsien-nien gespeld, was de president van de Volksrepubliek China van 1983 tot 1988. Li werd lid van de Communistische Partij van China in 1927 en diende als kapitein en politiek commissaris in het Volksbevrijdingsleger tijdens de Lange Mars. Zijn voorganger als president was Liu Shaoqi en hij werd opgevolgd door . (nl) Li Xiannian, född 23 juni 1909 i Hong'an, Hubei, död 21 juni 1992 i Peking, var en kinesisk kommunistisk politiker och militär. Li blev medlem i Kinas kommunistiska parti 1927, och var kapten och politisk kommissarie i Folkets befrielsearmé under Den långa marschen. Han förblev en inflytelserik politisk gestalt i Folkrepubliken, och var ledamot i politbyrån från 1956. Han var finansminister från 1954. Under Kulturrevolutionen föll han i onåd, men Zhou Enlai lyckades intervenera så att han blev återinsatt som finansminister 1973. Han räknas som en av "de åtta odödliga" i kommunistpartiet. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | لى شيان نيان (ar) Li Xiannian (en) Li Xiannian (ca) Li Sien-nien (cs) Li Xiannian (de) Li Xiannian (es) Li Xiannian (eu) Li Xiannian (in) Li Xiannian (fr) Li Xiannian (it) 리셴녠 (ko) 李先念 (ja) Li Xiannian (nl) Li Xiannian (pl) Li Xiannian (pt) Li Xiannian (sv) Ли Сяньнянь (ru) Лі Сяньнянь (uk) 李先念 (zh) |
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dbr:Li_Hsien-nien |
| is dbp:1namedata of | dbr:Qian_Zhengying dbr:Denny_Huang dbr:Yuan_Longping dbr:Tseten_Dolma dbr:Wang_Dingguo dbr:Wang_Guangying dbr:8th_Arjia_Rinpoche dbr:Pagbalha_Geleg_Namgyai dbr:Ismail_Amat dbr:Chadrel_Rinpoche |
| is dbp:after of | dbr:Deng_Yingchao dbr:Zhao_Ziyang dbr:Ye_Jianying |
| is dbp:alongside of | dbr:Zhao_Ziyang |
| is dbp:before of | dbr:Li_Ruihuan dbr:Chen_Yun |
| is dbp:commander of | dbr:Sino-Vietnamese_conflicts_(1979–1991) |
| is dbp:leaderName of | dbr:History_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China_(1976–1989) |
| is dbp:parents of | dbr:Li_Xiaolin_(politician) |
| is dbp:predecessor of | dbr:Li_Ruihuan dbr:Liu_Zihou dbr:Yang_Shangkun |
| is dbp:president of | dbr:Deng_Xiaoping dbr:Hu_Yaobang dbr:Ulanhu dbr:Zhao_Ziyang dbr:Tian_Zengpei |
| is dbp:spouse of | dbr:Lin_Jiamei |
| is dbp:successor of | dbr:Deng_Yingchao dbr:Dong_Biwu dbr:Ye_Jianying |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Li_Xiannian |
