Manchester Liberalism (original) (raw)
École de Manchester ou libéralisme manchestérien ou philosophie de Manchester est une expression utilisée au début du XXe siècle par Élie Halévy et A.V. Dicey à la suite de Ferdinand Lassalle pour désigner un libéralisme de laissez-faire (ce point de vue a été contesté par Grampp dans un livre paru en 1960 intitulé Manchester School of Economics). L’École de Manchester désigne aussi un groupe d’hommes à qui l’on doit l’abolition des Corn Laws et l'adoption du libre-échange par la Grande-Bretagne après 1846.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Der Manchesterliberalismus, das Manchestertum oder die Manchesterschule bezeichnet eine politische Strömung und Freihandelsbewegung in Großbritannien im 19. Jahrhundert, die in der Stadt Manchester mit der Anti-Corn-Law-League ihren Ausgang nahm. Die bedeutendsten Vertreter des Manchesterliberalismus waren die Engländer Richard Cobden und John Bright sowie der Franzose Frédéric Bastiat und der Belgier Gustave de Molinari. In Deutschland wurden manchesterliberale Positionen von der Deutschen Fortschrittspartei (Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch, Eugen Richter) und vom linken Flügel der Nationalliberalen (Ludwig Bamberger, John Prince-Smith) sowie deren Nachfolgeorganisationen (Liberale Vereinigung, Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, Freisinnige Volkspartei, Freisinnige Vereinigung) vertreten. Als Inspiration dienten die Schriften der Autoren der klassischen Nationalökonomie, des klassischen Wirtschaftsliberalismus und des Utilitarismus. Bisweilen wird auch Herbert Spencer als Inspiration genannt, was aber chronologisch nicht möglich ist, weil Herbert Spencer sein erstes Buch Social Statics erst 1851 veröffentlichte, also nachdem die Manchesterliberalen 1846 die Abschaffung der Getreidezölle mit der 1838 gegründeten Anti-Corn Law League erreicht hatten. Der Ausdruck Manchesterliberalismus bezeichnet heute vielfach eine Politik, die so weit wie möglich auf den Markt vertraut, und damit eine Extremform des wirtschaftlichen Liberalismus. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert wird er von Konservativen und Sozialdemokraten auch als Kampfbegriff benutzt. (de) École de Manchester ou libéralisme manchestérien ou philosophie de Manchester est une expression utilisée au début du XXe siècle par Élie Halévy et A.V. Dicey à la suite de Ferdinand Lassalle pour désigner un libéralisme de laissez-faire (ce point de vue a été contesté par Grampp dans un livre paru en 1960 intitulé Manchester School of Economics). L’École de Manchester désigne aussi un groupe d’hommes à qui l’on doit l’abolition des Corn Laws et l'adoption du libre-échange par la Grande-Bretagne après 1846. (fr) Manchester Liberalism (also called the Manchester School, Manchester Capitalism and Manchesterism) comprises the political, economic and social movements of the 19th century that originated in Manchester, England. Led by Richard Cobden and John Bright, it won a wide hearing for its argument that free trade would lead to a more equitable society, making essential products available to all. Its most famous activity was the Anti-Corn Law League that called for repeal of the Corn Laws that kept food prices high. It expounded the social and economic implications of free trade and laissez-faire capitalism. The Manchester School took the theories of economic liberalism advocated by classical economists such as Adam Smith and made them the basis for government policy. It also promoted pacifism, anti-slavery, freedom of the press and separation of church and state. (en) El liberalismo de Mánchester (también llamado escuela de Mánchester, manchesterismo o capitalismo manchesteriano) fue un movimiento social y político librecambista y antiimperialista con origen en la ciudad británica de Mánchester. Ligada a la Cámara de Comercio de Mánchester sobre todo durante el período 1825-1845, y encabezada por Richard Cobden y John Bright. Inspirada en la situación económica de la industrializada ciudad de Mánchester, el movimiento toma ideas de la doctrina económica liberal que promueve un libre cambio sin condiciones y una libertad económica ilimitada. Planteó que el interés individual es el motor de cooperación social. Agrupó a un conjunto de economistas, comerciantes e industriales locales partidarios del libre cambio radical y que rechazaban todo tipo de restricción al principio del laissez-faire y a la voluntariedad de la acción humana, tanto en el aspecto económico como social. Desencadenó una lucha contra las teorías mercantilistas argumentando que se debía dejar el mundo económico en manos de sus propias leyes naturales. (es) Il manchesterismo (o scuola di Manchester) è stato un movimento liberista britannico dell'Ottocento, guidato da Richard Cobden e John Bright. Tanti economisti si sono fondati su questa corrente di pensiero, attuando il liberismo economico. Il caso italiano più famoso è Alberto De' Stefani. Gli obiettivi di questa politica sono colmare il disavanzo del bilancio pubblico, perseguire un'economia produttivistica e rendere possibile il risparmio in favore di forti investimenti. Essa prese il nome di neomanchesterismo. (it) マンチェスター学派（まんちぇすたーがくは、Manchester School、Manchester Capitalism、Manchester Liberalism、Manchesterismとも）は19世紀のイギリス・マンチェスターに端を発する政治、経済、社会運動の総称。 (ja) Манчестерская школа (англ. Manchester school) — группа экономистов, сторонников фритредерства, из Манчестера, развившая до логического завершения концепцию экономического либерализма физиократов и классиков. По мнению представителей манчестерской школы, государству необязательно устанавливать монополию на что бы то ни было, не рекомендуется устанавливать запретительные таможенные пошлины, регулировать длительность рабочего дня, формировать фабричное законодательство и т. п. Заметные представители школы: Ричард Кобден, Джон Брайт, Уолтер Бейджхот, сэр Роберт Гиффен, Франческо Феррара. С 1932 года выходит журнал The Manchester School, посвященный развитию учения Манчестерской школы. (ru) A Escola de Manchester (também chamado de Capitalismo de Manchester, Liberalismo de Manchester e Manchesterismo) compreende um movimento político, econômico e social do século XIX originado em Manchester, Inglaterra. Liderada por Richard Cobden e , ganhou uma ampla audiência por seu argumento de que o livre comércio levaria a uma sociedade mais equitativa, disponibilizando produtos essenciais para todos. Sua atividade mais famosa foi a Liga contra as Leis de Cereais (Anti-Corn Law League), que pedia a revogação das Corn Laws, cujo efeito era manter os preços dos alimentos altos. A Escola de Manchester defendia as implicações sociais e econômicas do livre comércio e do capitalismo laissez-faire. Ela utilizou as teorias do liberalismo econômico defendidas por economistas clássicos como Adam Smith e fez delas a base da política do governo. Também promoveu pacifismo, anti-escravidão, liberdade de imprensa e separação entre igreja e estado. (pt) 曼彻斯特自由主义（Manchester Liberalism），又称曼彻斯特学派（Manchester School）、曼彻斯特资本主义（Manchester Capitalism）和曼彻斯特主义（Manchesterism），是起源于英国曼彻斯特的19世纪自由主义政治、经济和社会运动。 (zh) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://mises.org/journals/jls/13_1/13_1_3.pdf http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php%3Foption=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php&title=2128 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 3408056 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 6521 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1124577437 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Canada dbc:Schools_of_economic_thought dbr:Mercantilism dbr:Benjamin_Disraeli dbr:David_Hume dbr:Anti-Corn_Law_League dbc:Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Richard_Cobden dbc:Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Conservative_Party_(UK) dbr:Corn_Laws dbc:History_of_liberalism dbr:William_D._Grampp dbr:Free_trade dbr:Freedom_of_the_press dbc:History_of_Manchester dbr:Manchester dbr:Tariff dbr:Michel_Chevalier dbr:Cereal dbr:Whigs_(British_political_party) dbr:Julius_Faucher dbr:Laissez-faire dbr:Adam_Smith dbr:Ferdinand_Lassalle dbr:Capitalism dbr:Food_prices dbr:Separation_of_church_and_state dbr:Protectionism dbr:Jean-Baptiste_Say dbr:Cotton dbr:John_Bright dbr:Birmingham_School_(economics) dbr:Economic_liberalism dbr:Classical_economics dbr:Ralph_Raico dbr:Price_ceiling dbr:Import_quota dbr:Little_Englander dbr:Thomas_Thomasson dbr:Pacifism dbr:Textile_mill dbr:Anti-slavery |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Citation_needed dbt:Portal dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Use_dmy_dates dbt:Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbt:Liberalism dbt:Schools_of_economic_thought dbt:Capitalism |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Schools_of_economic_thought dbc:Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbc:Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbc:History_of_liberalism dbc:History_of_Manchester |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Terms |
| rdf:type | yago:WikicatLocality-basedSchoolsOfEconomicThoughtAndMethodology yago:WikicatSocialMovements yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Belief105941423 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Content105809192 yago:Doctrine105943300 yago:EconomicTheory105994935 yago:Explanation105793000 yago:Group100031264 yago:HigherCognitiveProcess105770664 yago:Movement108464601 yago:Process105701363 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 dbo:Country yago:SocialGroup107950920 yago:Theory105989479 yago:Thinking105770926 yago:WikicatEconomicTheories |
| rdfs:comment | École de Manchester ou libéralisme manchestérien ou philosophie de Manchester est une expression utilisée au début du XXe siècle par Élie Halévy et A.V. Dicey à la suite de Ferdinand Lassalle pour désigner un libéralisme de laissez-faire (ce point de vue a été contesté par Grampp dans un livre paru en 1960 intitulé Manchester School of Economics). L’École de Manchester désigne aussi un groupe d’hommes à qui l’on doit l’abolition des Corn Laws et l'adoption du libre-échange par la Grande-Bretagne après 1846. (fr) Il manchesterismo (o scuola di Manchester) è stato un movimento liberista britannico dell'Ottocento, guidato da Richard Cobden e John Bright. Tanti economisti si sono fondati su questa corrente di pensiero, attuando il liberismo economico. Il caso italiano più famoso è Alberto De' Stefani. Gli obiettivi di questa politica sono colmare il disavanzo del bilancio pubblico, perseguire un'economia produttivistica e rendere possibile il risparmio in favore di forti investimenti. Essa prese il nome di neomanchesterismo. (it) マンチェスター学派（まんちぇすたーがくは、Manchester School、Manchester Capitalism、Manchester Liberalism、Manchesterismとも）は19世紀のイギリス・マンチェスターに端を発する政治、経済、社会運動の総称。 (ja) 曼彻斯特自由主义（Manchester Liberalism），又称曼彻斯特学派（Manchester School）、曼彻斯特资本主义（Manchester Capitalism）和曼彻斯特主义（Manchesterism），是起源于英国曼彻斯特的19世纪自由主义政治、经济和社会运动。 (zh) Der Manchesterliberalismus, das Manchestertum oder die Manchesterschule bezeichnet eine politische Strömung und Freihandelsbewegung in Großbritannien im 19. Jahrhundert, die in der Stadt Manchester mit der Anti-Corn-Law-League ihren Ausgang nahm. Die bedeutendsten Vertreter des Manchesterliberalismus waren die Engländer Richard Cobden und John Bright sowie der Franzose Frédéric Bastiat und der Belgier Gustave de Molinari. In Deutschland wurden manchesterliberale Positionen von der Deutschen Fortschrittspartei (Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch, Eugen Richter) und vom linken Flügel der Nationalliberalen (Ludwig Bamberger, John Prince-Smith) sowie deren Nachfolgeorganisationen (Liberale Vereinigung, Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, Freisinnige Volkspartei, Freisinnige Vereinigung) vertreten. (de) El liberalismo de Mánchester (también llamado escuela de Mánchester, manchesterismo o capitalismo manchesteriano) fue un movimiento social y político librecambista y antiimperialista con origen en la ciudad británica de Mánchester. Ligada a la Cámara de Comercio de Mánchester sobre todo durante el período 1825-1845, y encabezada por Richard Cobden y John Bright. (es) Manchester Liberalism (also called the Manchester School, Manchester Capitalism and Manchesterism) comprises the political, economic and social movements of the 19th century that originated in Manchester, England. Led by Richard Cobden and John Bright, it won a wide hearing for its argument that free trade would lead to a more equitable society, making essential products available to all. Its most famous activity was the Anti-Corn Law League that called for repeal of the Corn Laws that kept food prices high. It expounded the social and economic implications of free trade and laissez-faire capitalism. The Manchester School took the theories of economic liberalism advocated by classical economists such as Adam Smith and made them the basis for government policy. It also promoted pacifism, an (en) A Escola de Manchester (também chamado de Capitalismo de Manchester, Liberalismo de Manchester e Manchesterismo) compreende um movimento político, econômico e social do século XIX originado em Manchester, Inglaterra. Liderada por Richard Cobden e , ganhou uma ampla audiência por seu argumento de que o livre comércio levaria a uma sociedade mais equitativa, disponibilizando produtos essenciais para todos. Sua atividade mais famosa foi a Liga contra as Leis de Cereais (Anti-Corn Law League), que pedia a revogação das Corn Laws, cujo efeito era manter os preços dos alimentos altos. A Escola de Manchester defendia as implicações sociais e econômicas do livre comércio e do capitalismo laissez-faire. Ela utilizou as teorias do liberalismo econômico defendidas por economistas clássicos como Adam (pt) Манчестерская школа (англ. Manchester school) — группа экономистов, сторонников фритредерства, из Манчестера, развившая до логического завершения концепцию экономического либерализма физиократов и классиков. По мнению представителей манчестерской школы, государству необязательно устанавливать монополию на что бы то ни было, не рекомендуется устанавливать запретительные таможенные пошлины, регулировать длительность рабочего дня, формировать фабричное законодательство и т. п. Заметные представители школы: Ричард Кобден, Джон Брайт, Уолтер Бейджхот, сэр Роберт Гиффен, Франческо Феррара. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Manchesterliberalismus (de) Liberalismo de Mánchester (es) École de Manchester (fr) Manchesterismo (it) マンチェスター学派 (ja) Manchester Liberalism (en) Escola de Manchester (pt) Манчестерская школа (ru) 曼彻斯特自由主义 (zh) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Manchester Liberalism yago-res:Manchester Liberalism wikidata:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-bg:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-de:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-es:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-fi:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-fr:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-it:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-ja:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-kk:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-lmo:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-pt:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-ru:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-tr:Manchester Liberalism dbpedia-zh:Manchester Liberalism https://global.dbpedia.org/id/okxU |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Manchester_Liberalism?oldid=1124577437&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Manchester_Liberalism |
| is dbo:ideology of | dbr:Conservative_Party_(Venezuela) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Manchester_capitalism dbr:Manchester_School_of_economics dbr:Manchester_liberalism dbr:Manchesterialism dbr:Manchesterian dbr:Manchesterians dbr:Manchesterism dbr:The_Manchester_School_(19th_century_socio-economic_and_political_movement) |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Anti-Corn_Law_League dbr:List_of_political_ideologies dbr:Timeline_of_Manchester_history dbr:Conservative_Party_(Venezuela) dbr:Gas_Stokers'_strike dbr:Edward_Watkin dbr:Free_Province_of_Guayaquil dbr:Friedrich_Hayek dbr:Manchester dbr:William_McMillan_(Australian_politician) dbr:Julius_Faucher dbr:Preussentum_und_Sozialismus dbr:Adam_Smith dbr:Eduard_Heimann dbr:Francis_Hirst dbr:Northern_England dbr:Argentine_Socialist_Party_(1958) dbr:John_Fielden dbr:Cobdenism dbr:Dissolution_of_Gran_Colombia dbr:Radical_Party_(France) dbr:Manchester_capitalism dbr:Manchester_school dbr:William_McKerrow dbr:Little_Englander dbr:Social_liberalism dbr:Manchester_Examiner dbr:Manchester_School_of_economics dbr:Manchester_liberalism dbr:Manchesterialism dbr:Manchesterian dbr:Manchesterians dbr:Manchesterism dbr:The_Manchester_School_(19th_century_socio-economic_and_political_movement) |
| is dbp:ideology of | dbr:Conservative_Party_(Venezuela) |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Manchester_Liberalism |