Marine prokaryotes (original) (raw)
- Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, whereas prokaryotes are the organisms that do not have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane. The three-domain system of classifying life adds another division: the prokaryotes are divided into two domains of life, the microscopic bacteria and the microscopic archaea, while everything else, the eukaryotes, become the third domain. Prokaryotes play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers recycling nutrients. Some prokaryotes are pathogenic, causing disease and even death in plants and animals. Marine prokaryotes are responsible for significant levels of the photosynthesis that occurs in the ocean, as well as significant cycling of carbon and other nutrients. Prokaryotes live throughout the biosphere. In 2018 it was estimated the total biomass of all prokaryotes on the planet was equivalent to 77 billion tonnes of carbon (77 Gt C). This is made up of 7 Gt C for archaea and 70 Gt C for bacteria. These figures can be contrasted with the estimate for the total biomass for animals on the planet, which is about 2 Gt C, and the total biomass of humans, which is 0.06 Gt C. This means archaea collectively have over 100 times the collective biomass of humans, and bacteria over 1000 times. There is no clear evidence of life on Earth during the first 600 million years of its existence. When life did arrive, it was dominated for 3,200 million years by the marine prokaryotes. More complex life, in the form of crown eukaryotes, didn't appear until the Cambrian explosion a mere 500 million years ago. (en)
- 해양원핵생물(영어: Marine prokaryotes)은 해양세균(Marine bacteria)과 해양고균(Marine archaea)을 말한다. 해양원핵생물은 해양 환경, 즉 소금물이나 바다 또는 염분이 함유된 연안 강어귀에 서식하는 원핵생물을 의미한다. 모든 세포는 원핵생물과 진핵생물로 나눌 수 있다. 진핵생물은 세포가 세포막으로 둘러싸인 핵을 가지고 있는 유기체인 반면 원핵생물은 세포막으로 둘러싸인 핵을 가지고 있지 않은 유기체이다. 3역 분류 체계에 따르면 원핵생물은 세균역과 고균역으로 나뉘고 원핵생물 이외의 생물은 진핵생물역에 포함된다. 원핵생물은 영양분을 재활용하는 분해자로서 생태계에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 일부 원핵생물은 병원성이 있어, 식물과 동물에게 질병을 유발하거나 죽음을 초래하기도 한다. 해양원핵생물은 탄소나 다른 영양소의 순환뿐만 아니라 바다에서 일어나는 광합성에도 상당히 기여하고 있다. 원핵생물은 모든 생물권에서 서식한다. 2018년을 기준으로 지구상의 모든 원핵생물의 총 생물량은 770억 톤으로 추산된다. 고균의 총 생물량은 70억 톤, 세균의 총 생물량은 700억 톤으로 추산된다. 이러한 수치들은 지구상의 모든 동물의 총 생물량이 20억 톤이며 사람의 경우 총 생산량이 6000만 톤인 것과 비교하여 큰 차이를 보인다. 이것은 고균의 생물량이 인류 전체의 생물량의 100배 이상이고 세균의 경우에는 1000배 이상임을 의미한다. 지구의 탄생 직후로부터 6억년 동안 지구에 생명체가 존재했다는 명확한 증거는 없다. 생명체의 첫 출현 이후 32억 년 동안은 해양원핵생물이 지배적이었다. 관(冠)진핵생물(Crown eukaryotes)과 같은 형태의 복잡한 생명체는 불과 5억 년 전의 캄브리아기 폭발 전까지만 해도 존재하지 않았었다. (ko)
- https://archive.org/details/biologyrave00rave
- https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=H476c8UjLXY&ab_channel=HistoryoftheEarth
- https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=L-vprX2kpds&ab_channel=JourneytotheMicrocosmos
- https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=ps2GlGs8oso&t=0s
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- Hawaiian bobtail squid live in symbiosis with bioluminescent bacteria (en)
- NASA image of a large bloom of Nodularia cyanobacteria swirling in the Baltic Sea (en)
- The marine Thiomargarita namibiensis, largest known bacterium (en)
- Cyanobacteria from a microbial mat. Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to release oxygen via photosynthesis (en)
- A view of the phylogenetic tree based on the three-domain system, showing the divergence of modern species from their common ancestor in the centre. The three domains are coloured, with bacteria blue, archaea green and eukaryotes red. (en)
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- dbc:Planktology
- Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, whereas prokaryotes are the organisms that do not have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane. The three-domain system of classifying life adds another division: the prokaryotes are divided into two domains of life, the microscopic bacteria and the microscopic archaea, while everything else, the eukaryotes, become the third domain. (en)
- 해양원핵생물(영어: Marine prokaryotes)은 해양세균(Marine bacteria)과 해양고균(Marine archaea)을 말한다. 해양원핵생물은 해양 환경, 즉 소금물이나 바다 또는 염분이 함유된 연안 강어귀에 서식하는 원핵생물을 의미한다. 모든 세포는 원핵생물과 진핵생물로 나눌 수 있다. 진핵생물은 세포가 세포막으로 둘러싸인 핵을 가지고 있는 유기체인 반면 원핵생물은 세포막으로 둘러싸인 핵을 가지고 있지 않은 유기체이다. 3역 분류 체계에 따르면 원핵생물은 세균역과 고균역으로 나뉘고 원핵생물 이외의 생물은 진핵생물역에 포함된다. 원핵생물은 영양분을 재활용하는 분해자로서 생태계에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 일부 원핵생물은 병원성이 있어, 식물과 동물에게 질병을 유발하거나 죽음을 초래하기도 한다. 해양원핵생물은 탄소나 다른 영양소의 순환뿐만 아니라 바다에서 일어나는 광합성에도 상당히 기여하고 있다. (ko)
- 해양원핵생물 (ko)
- Marine prokaryotes (en)
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