Matilda Joslyn Gage (original) (raw)
Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (1826-1898) va ser una activista nord-americana, lluitadora pel sufragi femení, activista abolicionista, lliurepensadora i autora prolífica, que "va néixer amb un odi cap a l'opressió". Si bé va néixer a Cicero, Nova York, Gage va viure la major part de la seva vida a Fayetteville, Nova York. Les seves restes descansen al cementiri de Fayetteville.
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| dbo:abstract | ماتيلدا جوسلين غايج (بالإنجليزية: Matilda Joslyn Gage) (24 مارس 1826- 18 مارس 1898)، ناشطة مطالبة بحق المرأة بالتصويت في القرن التاسع عشر، كما كانت ناشطة مدافعة عن حقوق السكان الأصليين الأمريكيين وعن الإبطالية في الولايات المتحدة. كانت غايج مفكرة حرة ومؤلفة ذات إنتاج وفير، كما ولدت كارهةً للقمع. بدأت غايج مسيرتها العامة كمحاضرة في مؤتمر حقوق المرأة في مدينة سيراكيوز في ولاية نيويورك في عام 1852حيث كانت أصغر متحدثة في وقتها، ثم جعلت من قضية إعطاء المرأة حقها في التصويت أحد أهداف حياتها فيما بعد. كانت غايج عاملة وخطيبة دؤوبة، ساهمت في العديد من المقالات الصحفية واعتبرت «واحدة من أكثر الكاتبات منطقيةً وجرأةً وعلميةً في زمانها». نشرت وحررت جريدة مخصصة لقضية المرأة تحت اسم «المواطن الوطني» في مدينة سيراكيوز بين عامي 1878 و1881. غدت غايج مفوضة للجمعية الوطنية للمطالبة بحق المرأة في الاقتراع في عام 1880، وكان ذلك ضمن مؤتمرات حزب الجمهوريين وحزب الدولار الأمريكي في مدينة شيكاغو وضمن مؤتمر الحزب الديمقراطي في مدينة سينسيناتي في ولاية أوهايو. بقيت غايج لسنوات عديدة في طليعة حركة حق المرأة في التصويت، حيث شاركتها كل من إليزابيث كادي ستانتون وسوزان أنتوني، كما تعاونت غايج معهما في كتابة «تاريخ حق المرأة في التصويت» بين عامي 1881 و1887. ألّفت غايج كتاب «حقوق المرأة في التعليم المسيحي» (1868) وكتاب «المرأة كمخترعة» (1870) وكتاب «من خطط لحملة تينيسي؟» (1880) وكتاب «المرأة والكنيسة والدولة» (1893). شغلت غايج منصب رئيس جمعية المطالبة بحق المرأة في الاقتراع في ولاية نيويورك لمدة خمس سنوات. كما كانت رئيسة الجمعية الوطنية للمطالبة بحق المرأة في الاقتراع بين عامي 1875 و1876، والتي كانت واحدة من الجمعيات التي شكّلت الجمعية الوطنية لحق الاقتراع. شغلت غايج أيضًا منصب النائب الثاني للرئيس ونائب الرئيس ورئيس اللجنة التنفيذية في الجمعية الوطنية للمطالبة بحق المرأة في الاقتراع في عام 1890. شعر العديد من أعضاء جمعية حق الاقتراع أن آراء غايج حول حق الاقتراع والنسوية كانت أراءً راديكالية للغاية، ولذلك شكّلت غايج الاتحاد الوطني الليبرالي للمرأة في عام 1890. نصّت أهداف الاتحاد على تأكيد حق المرأة الطبيعي في الحكم الذاتي والكشف عن سبب تأخير الاعتراف بمطالبها والحفاظ على مبادئ الحرية المدنية والدينية، إضافة إلى توعية الرأي العام بخطر اتحاد الكنيسة مع الدولة بواسطة تعديل الدستور وإدانة الاعتقاد بدونية المرأة. عملت غايج رئيسة لهذا الاتحاد منذ تأسيسه وحتى وفاتها في مدينة شيكاغو في عام 1898. (ar) Matilda Joslyn Gage (24. března 1826 – 18. března 1898) byla americká spisovatelka a aktivistka. Je známá především jako sufražetka (bojovala např. za volební právo žen). Zároveň ale také vedla boj za práva domorodých obyvatel Spojených států amerických, abolicionismus (zrušení otroctví) a volnou myšlenku (svobodné uplatňování rozumu ve věcech náboženského přesvědčení). Je po ní pojmenován Matildin efekt, který popisuje sklon popírat zásluhy žen o vědecké vynálezy. Měla také vliv na svého zetě Lymana Franka Bauma, autora Čaroděje ze země Oz. Byla nejmladší řečnicí na , který se konal v roce 1852 ve městě Syracuse ve státě New York. Byla neúnavnou pracovnicí a řečnicí, přispívala četnými články do tisku a byla považována za „jednu z nejlogičtějších, nejneohroženějších a nejodbornějších spisovatelek své doby“. V letech 1878–1881 vydávala a zároveň byla šéfredaktorkou novin National Citizen, které se věnovaly ženským záležitostem. S Elizabeth Cady Stanton a Susan B. Anthony byly po mnoho let předními tvářemi hnutí za volební právo žen. O tomto tématu také napsaly knihu History of Woman Suffrage. Gage byla také autorkou knih Woman's Rights Catechism (1868), Woman as Inventor (1870), Who Planned the Tennessee Campaign (1880) nebo Woman, Church and State (1893). Po mnoho let podporovala , ale když se její názory na volební právo žen a feminismus staly pro ostatní členy příliš radikální, založila , mezi jehož cíle patřilo: prosazovat přirozené právo ženy na sebeurčení, ukázat na příčinu pozdního uznání jejích nároků, zachovávat zásady občanské a náboženské svobody, upozornit veřejnost na nebezpečí spojení církve a státu prostřednictvím dodatku k ústavě a odsoudit doktrínu o podřadnosti ženy. Gage byla předsedkyní tohoto svazu od jeho založení v roce 1890 až do své smrti v roce 1898. (cs) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (1826-1898) va ser una activista nord-americana, lluitadora pel sufragi femení, activista abolicionista, lliurepensadora i autora prolífica, que "va néixer amb un odi cap a l'opressió". Si bé va néixer a Cicero, Nova York, Gage va viure la major part de la seva vida a Fayetteville, Nova York. Les seves restes descansen al cementiri de Fayetteville. (ca) Matilda Electa Gage, geborene Joslyn (24. März 1826 in Cicero, New York – 18. März 1898 in Chicago, Illinois) war eine US-amerikanische Suffragette und Menschenrechtsaktivistin. Joslyn Gage war Herausgeberin der Zeitschrift The National Citizen. Darüber hinaus begründete sie die in Abgrenzung zur National American Woman Suffrage Association. Joslyn Gage war unter anderem im Streit um das Wahlrecht für Frauen in den USA aktiv. Sie kritisierte auch die Aberkennung weiblicher Leistungen in Forschung und Technik. 1993 benannte die Wissenschaftshistorikerin Margaret W. Rossiter das Verschweigen der wissenschaftlichen Leistungen von Frauen nach ihr als Matilda-Effekt. (de) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (Cicero, New York, 1826ko martxoaren 24a - Chicago, Illinois, 1898ko martxoaren 18a) estatubatuar emakumeen sufragioaren eta aldeko ekintzailea, abolizionista, librepentsalaria eta idazlea izan zen. (eu) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage, née à le 24 mars 1826 à Cicero (New York) et morte le 18 mars 1898 à Chicago, est une féministe, abolitionniste et écrivaine américaine. (fr) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (1826-1898) fue una activista norteamericana, luchadora del sufragio femenino, activista abolicionista, librepensadora y autora prolífica, quien "nació con un odio hacia la opresión". Si bien había nacido en Cicero, Illinois, Gage vivió la mayor parte de su vida en Fayetteville, Nueva York. Fallece en la casa de su yerno , el escritor L. Frank Baum, en Chicago ,siendo sus restos incinerados. En el cementerio de Fayetteville hay una placa conmemorativa con su lema: "Hay una palabra más dulce que madre, hogar o cielo. Esa palabra es Libertad" (es) Matilda Joslyn Gage (March 24, 1826 – March 18, 1898) was an American writer and activist. She is mainly known for her contributions to women's suffrage in the United States (i.e. the right to vote) but she also campaigned for Native American rights, abolitionism (the end of slavery), and freethought (the free exercise of reason in matters of religious belief). She is the eponym for the Matilda effect, which describes the tendency to deny women credit for scientific invention. She influenced her son-in-law L. Frank Baum, the author of The Wizard of Oz. She was the youngest speaker at the 1852 National Women's Rights Convention held in Syracuse, New York. She was a tireless worker and public speaker, and contributed numerous articles to the press, being regarded as "one of the most logical, fearless and scientific writers of her day". Along with Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Staton, Gage helped found the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. During 1878–1881, she published and edited the National Citizen, a paper devoted to the cause of women. With Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, she was for years in the forefront of the suffrage movement, and collaborated with them in writing the History of Woman Suffrage (1881–1887). She was the author of the Woman's Rights Catechism (1868); Woman as Inventor (1870); Who Planned the Tennessee Campaign (1880); and Woman, Church and State (1893). For many years she was associated with the National Women's Suffrage Association, but when her views on suffrage and feminism became too radical for many of its members, she founded the Woman's National Liberal Union, whose objects were: To assert woman's natural right to self-government; to show the cause of delay in the recognition of her demand; to preserve the principles of civil and religious liberty; to arouse public opinion to the danger of a union of church and state through an amendment to the constitution, and to denounce the doctrine of woman's inferiority. She served as president of this union from its inception in 1890 until her death in Chicago, in 1898. (en) Matilda Joslyn Gage (24 Maret 1826 – 18 Maret 1898) adalah seorang wanita, aktivis , , pemikir bebas dan penulis. Namanya menjadi eponim dari efek Matilda (in) マティルダ・ジョスリン・ゲージ（Matilda Joslyn Gage、1826年3月24日 – 1898年3月18日）は、アメリカ合衆国の作家、活動家。 (ja) Matilda Joslyn Gage (Cicero, 24 marzo 1826 – Chicago, 18 marzo 1898) è stata una scrittrice, attivista e saggista statunitense. Fu suffragetta, attivista per i diritti dei nativi americani, abolizionista e libera pensatrice. È l'eponimo dell'effetto Matilda, che descrive la tendenza a negare il contributo femminile all'invenzione scientifica. Fu la più giovane oratrice al Convegno nazionale sui diritti delle donne del 1852 tenutosi a Syracuse. Lavoratrice instancabile e oratrice pubblica, contribuì alla stampa di numerosi articoli, ed è considerata "una delle scrittrici più logiche, impavide e scientifiche della sua epoca". Tra il 1878 e il 1881 pubblicò e curò a Syracuse il National Citizen, un giornale dedicato alla causa delle donne. Nel 1880 fu delegata dalla National Woman Suffrage Association ai convegni repubblicano e del Greenback Party di Chicago e al convegno democratico di Cincinnati. Con Elizabeth Cady Stanton e Susan B. Anthony fu per anni in prima linea nel movimento del suffragio e collaborò con loro nella stesura di History of Woman Suffrage (1881-1887). Fu autrice di Woman's Rights Catechism (1868), Woman as Inventor (1870), Who Planned the Tennessee Campaign (1880) e Woman, Church and State (1893). Gage fu presidente della Suffrage Association di New York per cinque anni e presidente della National Woman's Suffrage Association nel periodo 1875-1876, che era una delle società affiliate che costituivano l'associazione nazionale di suffragio. Ricoprì inoltre la carica di secondo vicepresidente, vicepresidente generale e presidente del comitato esecutivo della National Woman Suffrage Association. Le opinioni di Gage sul suffragio e sul femminismo furono considerate troppo radicali da molti membri dell'associazione del suffragio e, di conseguenza, organizzò nel 1890 la Woman's National Liberal Union, cui obiettivi erano quelli di affermare il diritto naturale della donna all'autogoverno, mostrare la causa del ritardo nel riconoscimento della sua richiesta, preservare i principi della libertà civile e religiosa, suscitare nell'opinione pubblica il pericolo di un'unione tra chiesa e stato attraverso un emendamento alla costituzione e denunciare la dottrina dell'inferiorità della donna. Fu presidente di questa associazione dal suo inizio fino alla sua morte a Chicago nel 1898. (it) Matilda Joslyn Gage (ur. 24 marca 1826 w Cicero, zm. 18 marca 1898 w Chicago) – amerykańska wolnomyślicielka, feministka, działaczka na rzecz abolicjonizmu i praw Indian, obok Susan B. Anthony i Elizabeth Cady Stanton jedna z najważniejszych przedstawicielek feminizmu końca XIX wieku w Stanach Zjednoczonych. (pl) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (Cicero, Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, 24 de março de 1826 – Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos, 18 de março de 1898) foi uma famosa ativista pelo sufrágio universal, direitos dos nativos americanos, abolicionista e livre pensadora americana, além de uma autora prolífica, autointitulada como uma mulher "nascida com ódio pela opressão". O efeito Matilda, termo pelo qual se denomina o preconceito em reconhecer crédito ou valor às contribuições realizadas por mulheres cientistas, foi inicialmente abordado pela ativista, no seu ensaio "Woman as Inventor", e cunhado posteriormente com o seu nome pela historiadora Margaret W. Rossiter. A sua filha, Maud Gage, casou-se com o escritor e teosofista L. Frank Baum, em 9 de novembro de 1882. (pt) |
| dbo:birthDate | 1826-03-24 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthName | Matilda Electa Joslyn (en) |
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| dbo:child | dbr:Maud_Gage_Baum |
| dbo:deathDate | 1898-03-18 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:birthDate | 1826-03-24 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:birthName | Matilda Electa Joslyn (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | Cicero, New York, U.S. (en) |
| dbp:by | yes (en) |
| dbp:children | Maud Gage Baum, Charles Henry Gage, Helen Leslie Gage, Julia Louise Gage, Thomas Clarkson Gage (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1898-03-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. (en) |
| dbp:id | Gage,+Matilda+Joslyn (en) |
| dbp:name | Matilda Joslyn Gage (en) |
| dbp:notableworks | Author, with Anthony and Stanton, of first three volumes of History of Woman Suffrage (en) |
| dbp:occupation | abolitionist, free thinker, author (en) |
| dbp:onlinebooksby | yes (en) |
| dbp:relatives | dbr:Hezekiah_Joslyn L. Frank Baum, son-in-law (en) |
| dbp:sign | Matilda Joslyn Gage (en) |
| dbp:source | "A Sermon Against Woman" (en) "All The Rights I Want" (en) "Indian Citizenship" (en) "Is Woman Her Own?" (en) "Prospectus" (en) p. 105 (en) page 2 (en) |
| dbp:spouse | 1845 (xsd:integer) (en) Henry Hill Gage (en) |
| dbp:text | 0001-03-12 (xsd:gMonthDay) The witch was in reality the profoundest thinker, the most advanced scientist of those ages. The persecution which for ages waged against witches was in reality an attack upon science at the hands of the church. As knowledge has ever been power, the church feared its use in woman’s hands, and leveled its deadliest blows at her. (en) That the Indians have been oppressed - are now, is true, but the United States has treaties with them, recognising them as distinct political communities, and duty towards them demands not an enforced citizenship but a faithful living up to its obligations on the part of the government. (en) Believing this country to be a political and not a religious organisation ... the editor of the National Citizen will use all her influence of voice and pen against "Sabbath Laws", the uses of the "Bible in School", and pre-eminently against an amendment which shall introduce "God in the Constitution". (en) Its especial object will be to secure national protection to women citizens in the exercise of their rights to vote ... it will oppose Class Legislation of whatever form ... Women of every class, condition, rank and name will find this paper their friend (en) When they preach as does Rev. Crummell, of "the hidden mystery of generation, the wondrous secret of propagated life, committed to the trust of woman," they bring up a self-evident fact of nature which needs no other inspiration, to show the world that the mother, and not the father, is the true head of the family, and that she should be able to free herself from the adulterous husband, keeping her own body a holy temple for its divine-human uses, of which as priestess and holder of the altar she alone should have control. (en) It is sometimes better to be a dead man than a live woman. (en) |
| dbp:title | "God in the Constitution" (en) Woman, Church and State (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Suffragist |
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| rdfs:comment | Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (1826-1898) va ser una activista nord-americana, lluitadora pel sufragi femení, activista abolicionista, lliurepensadora i autora prolífica, que "va néixer amb un odi cap a l'opressió". Si bé va néixer a Cicero, Nova York, Gage va viure la major part de la seva vida a Fayetteville, Nova York. Les seves restes descansen al cementiri de Fayetteville. (ca) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (Cicero, New York, 1826ko martxoaren 24a - Chicago, Illinois, 1898ko martxoaren 18a) estatubatuar emakumeen sufragioaren eta aldeko ekintzailea, abolizionista, librepentsalaria eta idazlea izan zen. (eu) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage, née à le 24 mars 1826 à Cicero (New York) et morte le 18 mars 1898 à Chicago, est une féministe, abolitionniste et écrivaine américaine. (fr) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (1826-1898) fue una activista norteamericana, luchadora del sufragio femenino, activista abolicionista, librepensadora y autora prolífica, quien "nació con un odio hacia la opresión". Si bien había nacido en Cicero, Illinois, Gage vivió la mayor parte de su vida en Fayetteville, Nueva York. Fallece en la casa de su yerno , el escritor L. Frank Baum, en Chicago ,siendo sus restos incinerados. En el cementerio de Fayetteville hay una placa conmemorativa con su lema: "Hay una palabra más dulce que madre, hogar o cielo. Esa palabra es Libertad" (es) Matilda Joslyn Gage (24 Maret 1826 – 18 Maret 1898) adalah seorang wanita, aktivis , , pemikir bebas dan penulis. Namanya menjadi eponim dari efek Matilda (in) マティルダ・ジョスリン・ゲージ（Matilda Joslyn Gage、1826年3月24日 – 1898年3月18日）は、アメリカ合衆国の作家、活動家。 (ja) Matilda Joslyn Gage (ur. 24 marca 1826 w Cicero, zm. 18 marca 1898 w Chicago) – amerykańska wolnomyślicielka, feministka, działaczka na rzecz abolicjonizmu i praw Indian, obok Susan B. Anthony i Elizabeth Cady Stanton jedna z najważniejszych przedstawicielek feminizmu końca XIX wieku w Stanach Zjednoczonych. (pl) ماتيلدا جوسلين غايج (بالإنجليزية: Matilda Joslyn Gage) (24 مارس 1826- 18 مارس 1898)، ناشطة مطالبة بحق المرأة بالتصويت في القرن التاسع عشر، كما كانت ناشطة مدافعة عن حقوق السكان الأصليين الأمريكيين وعن الإبطالية في الولايات المتحدة. كانت غايج مفكرة حرة ومؤلفة ذات إنتاج وفير، كما ولدت كارهةً للقمع. (ar) Matilda Joslyn Gage (24. března 1826 – 18. března 1898) byla americká spisovatelka a aktivistka. Je známá především jako sufražetka (bojovala např. za volební právo žen). Zároveň ale také vedla boj za práva domorodých obyvatel Spojených států amerických, abolicionismus (zrušení otroctví) a volnou myšlenku (svobodné uplatňování rozumu ve věcech náboženského přesvědčení). Je po ní pojmenován Matildin efekt, který popisuje sklon popírat zásluhy žen o vědecké vynálezy. Měla také vliv na svého zetě Lymana Franka Bauma, autora Čaroděje ze země Oz. (cs) Matilda Electa Gage, geborene Joslyn (24. März 1826 in Cicero, New York – 18. März 1898 in Chicago, Illinois) war eine US-amerikanische Suffragette und Menschenrechtsaktivistin. Joslyn Gage war Herausgeberin der Zeitschrift The National Citizen. Darüber hinaus begründete sie die in Abgrenzung zur National American Woman Suffrage Association. Joslyn Gage war unter anderem im Streit um das Wahlrecht für Frauen in den USA aktiv. Sie kritisierte auch die Aberkennung weiblicher Leistungen in Forschung und Technik. (de) Matilda Joslyn Gage (March 24, 1826 – March 18, 1898) was an American writer and activist. She is mainly known for her contributions to women's suffrage in the United States (i.e. the right to vote) but she also campaigned for Native American rights, abolitionism (the end of slavery), and freethought (the free exercise of reason in matters of religious belief). She is the eponym for the Matilda effect, which describes the tendency to deny women credit for scientific invention. She influenced her son-in-law L. Frank Baum, the author of The Wizard of Oz. (en) Matilda Joslyn Gage (Cicero, 24 marzo 1826 – Chicago, 18 marzo 1898) è stata una scrittrice, attivista e saggista statunitense. Fu suffragetta, attivista per i diritti dei nativi americani, abolizionista e libera pensatrice. È l'eponimo dell'effetto Matilda, che descrive la tendenza a negare il contributo femminile all'invenzione scientifica. (it) Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage (Cicero, Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, 24 de março de 1826 – Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos, 18 de março de 1898) foi uma famosa ativista pelo sufrágio universal, direitos dos nativos americanos, abolicionista e livre pensadora americana, além de uma autora prolífica, autointitulada como uma mulher "nascida com ódio pela opressão". O efeito Matilda, termo pelo qual se denomina o preconceito em reconhecer crédito ou valor às contribuições realizadas por mulheres cientistas, foi inicialmente abordado pela ativista, no seu ensaio "Woman as Inventor", e cunhado posteriormente com o seu nome pela historiadora Margaret W. Rossiter. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | ماتيلدا جوسلين غايج (ar) Matilda Joslyn Gage (ca) Matilda Joslyn Gage (cs) Matilda Joslyn Gage (de) Matilda Joslyn Gage (es) Matilda Joslyn Gage (eu) Matilda Joslyn Gage (in) Matilda Joslyn Gage (fr) Matilda Joslyn Gage (it) マティルダ・ジョスリン・ゲージ (ja) Matilda Joslyn Gage (en) Matilda Joslyn Gage (pl) Matilda Joslyn Gage (pt) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Anti-abortion_feminism dbr:The_United_States dbr:Divorce dbr:Christian_feminism dbr:Witch_trials dbr:The_early_modern_period |
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