39 Melakhot (original) (raw)
Třicet devět zakázaných prací (hebrejsky ל״ט אבות מלאכה, šlošim ve-tiš'a avot mlacha) je soubor činností, které je zakázáno provádět o šabatu a většině židovských svátků.
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| dbo:abstract | Třicet devět zakázaných prací (hebrejsky ל״ט אבות מלאכה, šlošim ve-tiš'a avot mlacha) je soubor činností, které je zakázáno provádět o šabatu a většině židovských svátků. (cs) The 39 Melakhot (Hebrew: ל״ט אבות מלאכה, lamed-tet avot melakhah, "39 categories of work") are thirty-nine categories of activity which Jewish law identifies as prohibited by biblical law on Shabbat. Many of these activities are also prohibited on the Jewish holidays listed in the Torah, although there are significant exceptions that permit carrying and preparing food under specific circumstances on holidays (except Yom Kippur). In addition to the 39 melakhot, certain other activities are forbidden on Shabbat due to rabbinic law. There are often disagreements between Orthodox Jews and Conservative Jews or other non-Orthodox Jews as to the practical observance of Shabbat. It is of note that the (strict) observance of Shabbat is often seen as a benchmark for orthodoxy and indeed has legal bearing on the way a Jew is seen by an Orthodox religious court regarding their affiliation to Judaism. (en) Die 39 Melachot (hebräisch ל״ט אבות מלאכה lamed tet avot melacha, 39 Formen der Arbeit) sind 39 Tätigkeitsbereiche, die nach jüdischem Recht durch das biblische Gesetz über den jüdischen Schabbat an diesem Tag verboten sind. Viele dieser Aktivitäten sind auch an den in der Tora aufgeführten jüdischen Feiertagen verboten, obwohl es Ausnahmen gibt, die das Tragen sowie das Zubereiten von Lebensmitteln unter bestimmten Umständen an jüdischen Feiertagen erlauben. Zusätzlich zu den 39 Melachot sind bestimmte andere Aktivitäten am Schabbat aufgrund der rabbinischen Gesetze (hebräisch שבות schevut) verboten. Es gibt oft unterschiedliche Auslegungen zwischen orthodoxen Juden und konservativen Juden oder anderen nicht-orthodoxen Juden hinsichtlich der praktischen Einhaltung des Schabbats. (de) Les trente-neuf catégories d’activité de base (hébreu : ל"ט אבות מלאכה lamed thet avot melakha) énumérées dans le traité Chabbat sont les activités interdites le Shabbat (c'est-à-dire du vendredi au coucher du soleil jusqu'au samedi, à l'apparition des étoiles) sous peine de profaner la sainteté du jour. Elles définissent la notion de melakha (« activité », « tâche », « besogne ») s’appliquant aussi (avec quelques exceptions) aux fêtes juives prescrites par la Bible, appelées "Yom tov". Ces mélakhot (pluriel de mélakha) sont appelées avot (littéralement : "pères"), et donnent lieu à des sous-catégories, appelées toledot (littéralement : "descendance"), correspondant à des travaux interdits du fait de leur proximité avec les melakhot. (fr) Een melacha (meervoud melachos, melachot) is een volgens de halacha verboden 'werk' tijdens de sjabbat. (nl) Segundo o Talmude (Mishná Shabat 7,2), são 39 as atividades que são proibidas de se fazer durante todo o Shabat. Excepcionalmente, contudo, em caso de risco de morte, quaisquer das proibições podem ser deixadas de lado, eis que o valor mais caro ao judaísmo é a vida. Dizem os sábios que tais tarefas foram aquelas realizadas durante a construção do Tabernáculo. São elas: 1. * Semear 2. * Arar 3. * Colher 4. * Agrupar feixes 5. * Debulhar 6. * Dispersar 7. * Catar 8. * Moer 9. * Peneirar 10. * Preparar massa 11. * Assar 12. * Tosquiar 13. * Lavar a lã 14. * Desembaraçar a lã 15. * Tingir a lã 16. * Fiar 17. * Tecer 18. * Dar dois nós 19. * Tecer dois fios 20. * Separar duas linhas 21. * Atar 22. * Desatar 23. * Coser 24. * Rasgar 25. * Caçar 26. * Abater 27. * Raspar o couro 28. * Curtir o couro 29. * Alisar o couro 30. * Demarcar o couro 31. * Cortar 32. * Escrever 33. * Apagar 34. * Construir 35. * Demolir 36. * Acender fogo 37. * Apagar ou diminuir o fogo 38. * Martelar 39. * Transportar algo desde um ambiente particular a um público (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | Třicet devět zakázaných prací (hebrejsky ל״ט אבות מלאכה, šlošim ve-tiš'a avot mlacha) je soubor činností, které je zakázáno provádět o šabatu a většině židovských svátků. (cs) Die 39 Melachot (hebräisch ל״ט אבות מלאכה lamed tet avot melacha, 39 Formen der Arbeit) sind 39 Tätigkeitsbereiche, die nach jüdischem Recht durch das biblische Gesetz über den jüdischen Schabbat an diesem Tag verboten sind. Viele dieser Aktivitäten sind auch an den in der Tora aufgeführten jüdischen Feiertagen verboten, obwohl es Ausnahmen gibt, die das Tragen sowie das Zubereiten von Lebensmitteln unter bestimmten Umständen an jüdischen Feiertagen erlauben. Zusätzlich zu den 39 Melachot sind bestimmte andere Aktivitäten am Schabbat aufgrund der rabbinischen Gesetze (hebräisch שבות schevut) verboten. Es gibt oft unterschiedliche Auslegungen zwischen orthodoxen Juden und konservativen Juden oder anderen nicht-orthodoxen Juden hinsichtlich der praktischen Einhaltung des Schabbats. (de) Een melacha (meervoud melachos, melachot) is een volgens de halacha verboden 'werk' tijdens de sjabbat. (nl) The 39 Melakhot (Hebrew: ל״ט אבות מלאכה, lamed-tet avot melakhah, "39 categories of work") are thirty-nine categories of activity which Jewish law identifies as prohibited by biblical law on Shabbat. Many of these activities are also prohibited on the Jewish holidays listed in the Torah, although there are significant exceptions that permit carrying and preparing food under specific circumstances on holidays (except Yom Kippur). In addition to the 39 melakhot, certain other activities are forbidden on Shabbat due to rabbinic law. (en) Les trente-neuf catégories d’activité de base (hébreu : ל"ט אבות מלאכה lamed thet avot melakha) énumérées dans le traité Chabbat sont les activités interdites le Shabbat (c'est-à-dire du vendredi au coucher du soleil jusqu'au samedi, à l'apparition des étoiles) sous peine de profaner la sainteté du jour. Elles définissent la notion de melakha (« activité », « tâche », « besogne ») s’appliquant aussi (avec quelques exceptions) aux fêtes juives prescrites par la Bible, appelées "Yom tov". (fr) Segundo o Talmude (Mishná Shabat 7,2), são 39 as atividades que são proibidas de se fazer durante todo o Shabat. Excepcionalmente, contudo, em caso de risco de morte, quaisquer das proibições podem ser deixadas de lado, eis que o valor mais caro ao judaísmo é a vida. Dizem os sábios que tais tarefas foram aquelas realizadas durante a construção do Tabernáculo. São elas: (pt) |
| rdfs:label | 39 zakázaných prací (cs) 39 Melachot (de) 39 Melakhot (en) 39 catégories d'activité (fr) Melacha (nl) Atividades proibidas no Shabat (pt) |
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