North-West Mounted Police (original) (raw)

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La polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest, ufficialmente (in inglese) North-West Mounted Police e dal 1904 Royal Northwest Mounted Police, è la forza di polizia canadese creata nel 1873 ad ordinamento militare per mantenere l'ordine pubblico nei Territori del Nord-Ovest. Il corpo diede origine all'attuale forza di polizia canadese, la Royal Canadian Mounted Police, nella quale esso stesso confluì nel 1920, fondendosi con la . Il nomignolo "giubbe rosse", derivato dal colore dell'uniforme, con il quale tuttora viene chiamata la Regia polizia a cavallo del Canada, fu coniato in un primo momento proprio per la polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest.

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dbo:abstract Královská severozápadní jízdní policie (anglicky North-West Mounted Police; zkratkou NWMP) byl policejní sbor na území Kanady, zřízený r. 1873 (tj. 3 roky před získáním nezávislosti) Dočasnou radou Severozápadních teritorií – na tomto území měly tyto polovojensky organizované jednotky zajistit klid, pořádek a státní svrchovanost proti nárokům Američanů, pronikajících sem z Aljašky. Přímým vzorem byla Královská irská policie (z hlediska strukturálního); výstroj a výzbroj byla převzata z oddílů kavalerie Britské armády. Přídavné jméno „královská“ bylo policejnímu sboru uděleno až r. 1904. V roce 1895 se působnost NWMP rozšířila i na území Yukonu; o 8 let později i na celé kanadské pobřeží Arktidy. Další provincie následovaly: Alberta, Saskatchewan (1905) & Manitoba (1912). Časté úvahy o jejím rozpuštění vedly jejího posledního prezidenta A. Perryho ke snaze o sloučení s , což se nakonec 1. února 1920 zdařilo a vznikla nová organizace: Královská kanadská jízdní policie. Ta plní funkci kanadské policie dodnes. (cs) The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was a Canadian para-military police force, established in 1873, to maintain order in the new Canadian North-West Territories (NWT) following the 1870 transfer of Rupert’s Land and North-Western Territory to Canada from the Hudson’s Bay Company, the Red River Rebellion and in response to lawlessness, demonstrated by the subsequent Cypress Hills Massacre and fears of United States military intervention. The NWMP combined military, police and judicial functions along similar lines to the Royal Irish Constabulary. A small, mobile police force was chosen to reduce potential for tensions with the United States and First Nations. The NWMP uniforms included red coats deliberately reminiscent of British and Canadian military uniforms. The NWMP was established by the Canadian government during the ministry of Prime Minister Sir John Macdonald who defined its purpose as "the preservation of peace and the prevention of crime" in the vast NWT. Macdonald envisioned the police force as a para-military force, writing that the "best force would be mounted riflemen, trained to act as cavalry... and styled police". Macdonald's principal fear was that the activities of American traders such as the Cypress Hills Massacre would lead to the First Nations peoples killing the American traders, which would lead to the United States military being deployed into the NWT to protect the lives of American citizens under the grounds that Canada was unable to maintain law and order in the region. Macdonald's greatest fear was that if the Americans occupied the NWT that they would not leave and the region would be annexed to the United States. In 1874, the NWMP were deployed to the area of the present Alberta border. Their ill-planned and arduous journey of nearly 900 miles (1,400 km) became known as the March West and was portrayed as an epic journey of endurance. Over the next few years, the NWMP established a wide network of forts, posts and patrols and extended Canadian law across the region. The living conditions of the NWMP on the prairies were spartan and often uncomfortable, and only slowly improved over the course of the century. By 1896, the government planned to pass policing responsibilities to the provinces and ultimately disband the NWMP. However, with the discovery of gold in the Klondike, the NWMP was redeployed to protect Canada's sovereignty over the region and to manage the influx of prospectors. NWMP volunteers were sent to fight in the Second Boer War and, in recognition for that and 30 years of service policing the North-West and Yukon Territories, King Edward VII, awarded the title Royal to the North-West Mounted Police (RNWMP) in 1904. Plans for disbanding the Royal North-West Mounted Police were abandoned in the face of popular oppositions and regional politicians. Large numbers of the RNWMP volunteered for military service during the First World War and the future of the badly depleted force was once again in doubt. Towards the end of the war, however, fears grew about a potential Bolshevik conspiracy and the authorities tasked the RNWMP to investigate the threat. In the aftermath of the violence of the Winnipeg General Strike, the government amalgamated the RNWMP and Dominion Police, to form the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in 1920. (en) La polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest, ufficialmente (in inglese) North-West Mounted Police e dal 1904 Royal Northwest Mounted Police, è la forza di polizia canadese creata nel 1873 ad ordinamento militare per mantenere l'ordine pubblico nei Territori del Nord-Ovest. Il corpo diede origine all'attuale forza di polizia canadese, la Royal Canadian Mounted Police, nella quale esso stesso confluì nel 1920, fondendosi con la . Il nomignolo "giubbe rosse", derivato dal colore dell'uniforme, con il quale tuttora viene chiamata la Regia polizia a cavallo del Canada, fu coniato in un primo momento proprio per la polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest. (it) La Police montée du Nord-Ouest (1873-1920) était une force de police canadienne pour les Territoires du Nord-Ouest au moment de leur colonisation au XIXe siècle. Elle est à l'origine de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada. (fr) 노스웨스트 기마경찰 (NWMP)은 1870년 루퍼츠랜드와 가 허드슨 베이 회사로부터 캐나다로 이양된 후, 새로운 노스웨스트 준주(NWT)의 질서를 유지하고, 이후 이어진 과 로 촉발된 무질서를 막고 미국의 군대 개입에 대한 두려움으로 1873년 창설된 캐나다의 준군사 경찰 조직이다. 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 와 유사하게 군사, 경찰, 사법의 기능이 결합되어 있었다. 미국과 퍼스트 네이션 간의 잠재적인 갈등을 줄이기 위해 소규모 기동 경찰대가 투입되었다. 노스웨스트 기마경찰의 제복은 의도적으로 영국과 캐나다의 군복을 연상시키는 붉은 코트가 포함되어 있었다. 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 그 목적을 넓은 노스웨스트 준주 지역에서 '평화 유지와 범죄 예방'으로 규정한 총리 내각 시기의 캐나다 정부에 의해 수립되었다. 맥도날드는 경찰 조직을 준군사조직으로 생각했고, "최고의 병력은 기마병으로서 훈련받은 소총수로, ... 경찰의 형식을 따르는 것이다."라고 적었다. 맥도날드가 가장 두려워했던 것은 사이프레스 힐스 학살과 같은 미국 무역가의 활동들이 퍼스트 네이션 주민들의 미국 무역가들 살해로 이어지는 것이었고, 이는 캐나다가 해당 지역의 법과 질서를 유지할 수 없다는 근거 아래 미국 시민들의 생명을 보호하기 위해 미군이 노스웨스트 준주에 배치되는 결과로 이어질 것이었다. 맥도날드의 가장 큰 공포는 미군이 노스웨스트 준주를 점령한 뒤 그곳을 떠나지 않는다면, 해당 지역은 미국에 병합된다는 것이었다. 1874년, 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 현재의 앨버타주 국경지대로 배치되었다. 그들의 잘 짜여지지 않고 몹시 힘들었던 1,400km의 여정은 으로 알려지게 되었고, 인내심을 요구하는 서사적인 여행으로 묘사되었다. 이후 몇 년 동안, 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 광범위한 요새, 초소, 순찰망을 구축하고 캐나다 법을 지역 전역으로 확대했다. 대초원에서 노스웨스트 기마경찰의 생활환경은 검소하고 엄격했고 종종 불편했으며, 세기가 지나면서 서서히 개선되었다. 1896년까지 정부는 치안 책임을 각 주에 이양하고 궁극적으로 노스웨스트 기마경찰을 해산할 계획을 세웠다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 클론다이크에서 금광이 발견되면서, 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 이 지역에 대한 캐나다의 주권을 보호하고 탐험가의 유입을 관리하기 위해 재배치되었다. 노스웨스트 기마경찰 자원병들은 제2차 보어 전쟁에 참전하기 위해 파견되었고, 30년간 노스웨스트 및 유콘 준주를 감시한 공로를 인정받아 1904년 에드워드 7세는 북서부 기마경찰(RNWMP)에게 왕립이라는 칭호를 수여했다. 노스웨스트 왕립 기마경찰을 해산하려는 계획은 대중의 반대와 지역 정치인들에게 부딪혀 포기되었다. 많은 노스웨스트 왕립 기마경찰 대원이 제1차 세계 대전 동안 군대에 지원했고, 인원이 심각하게 부족해진 노스웨스트 기마경찰의 미래도 불확실해졌다. 그러나 전쟁이 끝나갈 무렵 볼셰비키의 음모에 대한 두려움이 커졌고 캐나다 당국은 이 위협을 조사하기 위해 노스웨스트 왕립 기마경찰에 임무를 부여했다. 이후 캐나다 정부는 1920년 과 노스웨스트 왕립 기마경찰을 통합하여 왕립 캐나다 기마경찰을 창설한다. (ko) Północno-Zachodnia Policja Konna – organizacja policyjna utworzona w Kanadzie 23 maja 1873, w celu zaprowadzenia porządku i utworzenia administracji w Terytoriach Północno-Zachodnich. W 1920 instytucja zmieniła nazwę, tworząc - po połączeniu z Dominion Police - Kanadyjską Królewską Policję Konną. (pl) De North West Mounted Police (NWMP) is een voormalige Canadese politie-eenheid, die bestond van 1873 tot 1920. Deze werd in 1873 in Canada opgericht naar voorbeeld van de Royal Irish Constabulary op initiatief van Sir John Alexander Macdonald, Canada's eerste Minister-president. Het korps kreeg in 1904 de koninklijke titel waardoor de naam veranderde in Royal North West Mounted Police (RNWMP). In 1920 werd het korps omgedoopt tot Royal Canadian Mounted Police Force op 1 februari 1920 toen de RNWMP fuseerde met de zogeheten Dominion Police voorheen het politiekorps in de Oostelijke provincies van Canada. (nl) Се́веро-За́падная ко́нная поли́ция — с 1873 по 1920 гг. канадские полицейские силы в Северо-Западных территориях в период их заселения в XIX веке. Предшествовала Королевской канадской конной полиции. (ru)
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dbp:abbreviation NWMP, RNWMP (en)
dbp:agencyname North-West Mounted Police (en) Royal Northwest Mounted Police (en)
dbp:align right (en)
dbp:alt Commissioner (en)
dbp:country Canada (en)
dbp:dissolved 1920 (xsd:integer)
dbp:divname dbr:North-West_Territories
dbp:federal Yes (en)
dbp:footer Mounted police commissioners, : George French, James Macleod, Acheson Irvine, Lawrence Herchmer and Aylesworth Perry (en)
dbp:formedmonthday 0001-05-23 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:formedyear 1873 (xsd:integer)
dbp:governingbody Government of Canada (en)
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dbp:image A. Bowen Perry.png (en) A. G. Irvine.png (en) James Mcleod.png (en) Lawrence Herchmer.png (en) StateLibQld 2 126279 Sir George Arthur French, 1883.jpg (en)
dbp:legaljuris opsjuris (en)
dbp:legalpersonality dbr:Government_agency
dbp:local Yes (en)
dbp:mottotranslated "To Maintain the Right" (en)
dbp:police Yes (en)
dbp:superseding dbr:Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police
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rdfs:comment La polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest, ufficialmente (in inglese) North-West Mounted Police e dal 1904 Royal Northwest Mounted Police, è la forza di polizia canadese creata nel 1873 ad ordinamento militare per mantenere l'ordine pubblico nei Territori del Nord-Ovest. Il corpo diede origine all'attuale forza di polizia canadese, la Royal Canadian Mounted Police, nella quale esso stesso confluì nel 1920, fondendosi con la . Il nomignolo "giubbe rosse", derivato dal colore dell'uniforme, con il quale tuttora viene chiamata la Regia polizia a cavallo del Canada, fu coniato in un primo momento proprio per la polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest. (it) La Police montée du Nord-Ouest (1873-1920) était une force de police canadienne pour les Territoires du Nord-Ouest au moment de leur colonisation au XIXe siècle. Elle est à l'origine de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada. (fr) Północno-Zachodnia Policja Konna – organizacja policyjna utworzona w Kanadzie 23 maja 1873, w celu zaprowadzenia porządku i utworzenia administracji w Terytoriach Północno-Zachodnich. W 1920 instytucja zmieniła nazwę, tworząc - po połączeniu z Dominion Police - Kanadyjską Królewską Policję Konną. (pl) De North West Mounted Police (NWMP) is een voormalige Canadese politie-eenheid, die bestond van 1873 tot 1920. Deze werd in 1873 in Canada opgericht naar voorbeeld van de Royal Irish Constabulary op initiatief van Sir John Alexander Macdonald, Canada's eerste Minister-president. Het korps kreeg in 1904 de koninklijke titel waardoor de naam veranderde in Royal North West Mounted Police (RNWMP). In 1920 werd het korps omgedoopt tot Royal Canadian Mounted Police Force op 1 februari 1920 toen de RNWMP fuseerde met de zogeheten Dominion Police voorheen het politiekorps in de Oostelijke provincies van Canada. (nl) Се́веро-За́падная ко́нная поли́ция — с 1873 по 1920 гг. канадские полицейские силы в Северо-Западных территориях в период их заселения в XIX веке. Предшествовала Королевской канадской конной полиции. (ru) Královská severozápadní jízdní policie (anglicky North-West Mounted Police; zkratkou NWMP) byl policejní sbor na území Kanady, zřízený r. 1873 (tj. 3 roky před získáním nezávislosti) Dočasnou radou Severozápadních teritorií – na tomto území měly tyto polovojensky organizované jednotky zajistit klid, pořádek a státní svrchovanost proti nárokům Američanů, pronikajících sem z Aljašky. Přímým vzorem byla Královská irská policie (z hlediska strukturálního); výstroj a výzbroj byla převzata z oddílů kavalerie Britské armády. Přídavné jméno „královská“ bylo policejnímu sboru uděleno až r. 1904. (cs) The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was a Canadian para-military police force, established in 1873, to maintain order in the new Canadian North-West Territories (NWT) following the 1870 transfer of Rupert’s Land and North-Western Territory to Canada from the Hudson’s Bay Company, the Red River Rebellion and in response to lawlessness, demonstrated by the subsequent Cypress Hills Massacre and fears of United States military intervention. The NWMP combined military, police and judicial functions along similar lines to the Royal Irish Constabulary. A small, mobile police force was chosen to reduce potential for tensions with the United States and First Nations. The NWMP uniforms included red coats deliberately reminiscent of British and Canadian military uniforms. (en) 노스웨스트 기마경찰 (NWMP)은 1870년 루퍼츠랜드와 가 허드슨 베이 회사로부터 캐나다로 이양된 후, 새로운 노스웨스트 준주(NWT)의 질서를 유지하고, 이후 이어진 과 로 촉발된 무질서를 막고 미국의 군대 개입에 대한 두려움으로 1873년 창설된 캐나다의 준군사 경찰 조직이다. 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 와 유사하게 군사, 경찰, 사법의 기능이 결합되어 있었다. 미국과 퍼스트 네이션 간의 잠재적인 갈등을 줄이기 위해 소규모 기동 경찰대가 투입되었다. 노스웨스트 기마경찰의 제복은 의도적으로 영국과 캐나다의 군복을 연상시키는 붉은 코트가 포함되어 있었다. 1874년, 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 현재의 앨버타주 국경지대로 배치되었다. 그들의 잘 짜여지지 않고 몹시 힘들었던 1,400km의 여정은 으로 알려지게 되었고, 인내심을 요구하는 서사적인 여행으로 묘사되었다. 이후 몇 년 동안, 노스웨스트 기마경찰은 광범위한 요새, 초소, 순찰망을 구축하고 캐나다 법을 지역 전역으로 확대했다. 대초원에서 노스웨스트 기마경찰의 생활환경은 검소하고 엄격했고 종종 불편했으며, 세기가 지나면서 서서히 개선되었다. (ko)
rdfs:label North-West Mounted Police (en) Královská severozápadní jízdní policie (cs) Police montée du Nord-Ouest (fr) Polizia a cavallo del Nord Ovest (it) 노스웨스트 기마경찰 (ko) North West Mounted Police (politie) (nl) Północno-Zachodnia Policja Konna (pl) Северо-Западная конная полиция (ru)
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