Ohio in the American Civil War (original) (raw)

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Pendant la guerre de Sécession, l'État de l'Ohio joue un rôle-clé en fournissant des troupes, des officiers et du ravitaillement à l'armée de l'Union. En raison de sa position centrale dans les États-Unis nordistes et sa population en pleine expansion, l'Ohio est important politiquement et d'un point de vue logistique dans l'effort de guerre. Malgré les fanfaronnades des politiciens républicains de l'État, il est divisé politiquement. Une partie du sud de l'Ohio suit les démocrates pacifiques (copperheads) et s'oppose ouvertement à la politique du président Abraham Lincoln. L'Ohio a joué un rôle important dans le chemin de fer clandestin avant la guerre, et reste un refuge pour les esclaves en fuite pendant les années de la guerre.

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dbo:abstract During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio played a key role in providing troops, military officers, and supplies to the Union army. Due to its central location in the Northern United States and burgeoning population, Ohio was both politically and logistically important to the war effort. Despite the state's boasting a number of very powerful Republican politicians, it was divided politically. Portions of Southern Ohio followed the Peace Democrats and openly opposed President Abraham Lincoln's policies. Ohio played an important part in the Underground Railroad prior to the war, and remained a haven for escaped and runaway slaves during the war years. The third most populous state in the Union at the time, Ohio raised nearly 320,000 soldiers for the Union army, third behind only New York and Pennsylvania in total manpower contributed to the military and the highest per capita of any Union state. Several leading generals were from Ohio, including Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, and Philip H. Sheridan. Five Ohio-born Civil War officers would later serve as the President of the United States. The Fighting McCooks gained fame as the largest immediate family group ever to become officers in the U.S. Army. The state was spared many of the horrors of war as only two minor battles were fought within its borders. Morgan's Raid in the summer of 1863 spread fear but little damage. Ohio troops fought in nearly every major campaign during the war. Nearly 7,000 Buckeye soldiers were killed in action. Its most significant Civil War site is Johnson's Island, located in Sandusky Bay of Lake Erie. Barracks and outbuildings were constructed for a prisoner of war depot, intended chiefly for officers. Over three years more than 15,000 Confederate men were held there. The island includes a Confederate cemetery where about 300 men were buried. (en) Pendant la guerre de Sécession, l'État de l'Ohio joue un rôle-clé en fournissant des troupes, des officiers et du ravitaillement à l'armée de l'Union. En raison de sa position centrale dans les États-Unis nordistes et sa population en pleine expansion, l'Ohio est important politiquement et d'un point de vue logistique dans l'effort de guerre. Malgré les fanfaronnades des politiciens républicains de l'État, il est divisé politiquement. Une partie du sud de l'Ohio suit les démocrates pacifiques (copperheads) et s'oppose ouvertement à la politique du président Abraham Lincoln. L'Ohio a joué un rôle important dans le chemin de fer clandestin avant la guerre, et reste un refuge pour les esclaves en fuite pendant les années de la guerre. Troisième État le plus peuplé de l'Union à cette époque, l'Ohio lève 320 000 soldats pour l'armée de l'Union, troisième contingent derrière ceux des États de New York et de Pennsylvanie. Plusieurs généraux éminents sont originaires de l'Ohio, dont Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, et Philip H. Sheridan. Cinq officiers natifs de l'Ohio servant lors de la guerre de Sécession seront plus tard président de États-Unis. Les Fighting McCooks acquièrent une renommée en tant que plus grand groupe familial à devenir officiers de l'armée des États-Unis. L'État est épargné d'un grand nombre des horreurs de la guerre parce qu'il n'y a que deux batailles mineures livrées à l'intérieur de ses frontières. Le raid de Morgan à l'été 1863 sème la terreur au sein de la population. Les troupes de l'Ohio combattent dans pratiquement toutes les campagnes majeures de la guerre. Près de 7 000 soldats « Buckeye » sont tués au combat. Le site le plus significatif de la guerre de Sécession est Johnson's Island, situé à Sandusky Bay sur le lac Érié. Des baraques et des dépendances sont construites pour garder les prisonniers de guerre, destinées principalement aux officiers. Pendant trois ans plus de 15 000 confédérés y sont retenus. L’île comprend un cimetière confédéré où environ 300 hommes sont inhumés. (fr) L'Ohio nella guerra di secessione americana (Buckeye State) svolse un ruolo chiave nel fornire truppe, ufficiali militari e rifornimenti all'Union Army; a causa della sua posizione geografica centrale nell'ambito dell'Unione e della popolazione in crescita risultò politicamente e logisticamente assai importante per lo sforzo bellico. Nonostante il fatto che lo Stato federato abbia vantato un numero consistente di leader del Partito Repubblicano di alto livello e molto potenti esso rimase politicamente parzialmente diviso; porzioni della regione più meridionale seguirono difatti i Copperheads (le "teste di rame", ossia gli esponenti del Partito Democratico che perseguirono il "pacifismo a tutti i costi") i quali si opposero vigorosamente alla strategia militare adottata dalla Presidenza di Abraham Lincoln. Nei decenni immediatamente precedenti allo scoppio della guerra civile l'Ohio fu anche una delle maggiori sedi di transito e raccolta per gli schiavi fuggitivi dal profondo Sud tramite la Ferrovia Sotterranea ed anche durante tutti gli anni del conflitto continuò a rimanere un rifugio sicuro per gli afroamericani, soccorsi in larga parte dai fautori dell'abolizionismo negli Stati Uniti d'America ivi residenti. Nella sua qualità di terzo Stato più popoloso dell'Unione l'Ohio arruolò quasi 320.000 soldati, un numero inferiore solo a quello dello Stato di New York e della Pennsylvania; in totale la manodopera contribuì al massimo grado alla tecnologia ed equipaggiamento militare, con il più alto livello pro capite rispetto a tutti gli altri Stati unionisti. Alcuni dei massimi Generali unionisti per importanza provennero proprio dall'Ohio, tra cui Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman e Philip Henry Sheridan (i vincitori finali sia nel Teatro Orientale che nel Teatro Occidentale). In seguito cinque dei loro alti ufficiali servirono come Presidenti degli Stati Uniti d'America: oltre a Grant anche Rutherford Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison ed infine William McKinley. I divennero famosi in quanto fu il più numeroso clan familiare di sempre ad aver raggiunto il grado militare di ufficiale nell'United States Army (da a per un totale di 14 componenti). Il suo territorio venne in gran parte risparmiato dagli orrori della guerra, in quanto solamente due battaglie minori vennero combattute all'interno dei suoi confini. Il svoltosi nell'estate del 1863 diffuse la paura ma diede come risultato ben pochi danni effettivi. Localizzazione della sul Lago Erie. Le truppe statali combatterono in quasi tutte le principali e più importanti campagne belliche; quasi 7.000 soldati Buckeye rimasero uccisi in azione (morti in combattimento). Il suo sito storico-militare più significativo è rappresentato dalla , situata nella sul Lago Erie. Caserme ed annessi vi furono costruiti in qualità sia di rimessa definitiva che di stazione di transito temporanea per ospitare i prigionieri di guerra e destinato in primo luogo agli ufficiali catturati. Nell'arco di tre anni vi passarono più di 15.000 confederati; l'isola comprende anche un cimitero in cui furono sepolti circa 300 sudisti ivi deceduti. (it)
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rdfs:comment Pendant la guerre de Sécession, l'État de l'Ohio joue un rôle-clé en fournissant des troupes, des officiers et du ravitaillement à l'armée de l'Union. En raison de sa position centrale dans les États-Unis nordistes et sa population en pleine expansion, l'Ohio est important politiquement et d'un point de vue logistique dans l'effort de guerre. Malgré les fanfaronnades des politiciens républicains de l'État, il est divisé politiquement. Une partie du sud de l'Ohio suit les démocrates pacifiques (copperheads) et s'oppose ouvertement à la politique du président Abraham Lincoln. L'Ohio a joué un rôle important dans le chemin de fer clandestin avant la guerre, et reste un refuge pour les esclaves en fuite pendant les années de la guerre. (fr) During the American Civil War, the State of Ohio played a key role in providing troops, military officers, and supplies to the Union army. Due to its central location in the Northern United States and burgeoning population, Ohio was both politically and logistically important to the war effort. Despite the state's boasting a number of very powerful Republican politicians, it was divided politically. Portions of Southern Ohio followed the Peace Democrats and openly opposed President Abraham Lincoln's policies. Ohio played an important part in the Underground Railroad prior to the war, and remained a haven for escaped and runaway slaves during the war years. (en) L'Ohio nella guerra di secessione americana (Buckeye State) svolse un ruolo chiave nel fornire truppe, ufficiali militari e rifornimenti all'Union Army; a causa della sua posizione geografica centrale nell'ambito dell'Unione e della popolazione in crescita risultò politicamente e logisticamente assai importante per lo sforzo bellico. Localizzazione della sul Lago Erie. (it)
rdfs:label Ohio in the American Civil War (en) Ohio durant la guerre de Sécession (fr) Ohio nella guerra di secessione americana (it)
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