James Longstreet (original) (raw)
جيمس لونغستريت (بالإنجليزية: James Longstreet) (و. 1821 – 1904 م) هو دبلوماسي، وعسكري، وقائد عسكري، من الولايات المتحدة، ولد في كارولاينا الجنوبية، كان عضوًا في الحزب الجمهوري، ويحمل رتبة عسكرية فريق أول، توفي في غينسفيل، عن عمر يناهز 83 عاماً.
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| dbo:abstract | جيمس لونغستريت (بالإنجليزية: James Longstreet) (و. 1821 – 1904 م) هو دبلوماسي، وعسكري، وقائد عسكري، من الولايات المتحدة، ولد في كارولاينا الجنوبية، كان عضوًا في الحزب الجمهوري، ويحمل رتبة عسكرية فريق أول، توفي في غينسفيل، عن عمر يناهز 83 عاماً. (ar) James Longstreet fou un militar sudista. Graduat a l'Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units el 1842, quan es formà la Confederació hi fou nomenat general de brigada. Va lluitar a les dues batalles de Bull Run, Antietam i Fredericksburg (1862). Nomenat tinent general, participà amb Robert E. Lee a la batalla de Gettysburg (1863), tot atribuint-se-li la responsabilitat de la derrota. Fou vencedor a la batalla de Chickamauga (1863), però fou ferit a . Es va rendir amb Robert Lee a . Després de la guerra mostrà admiració per Ulysses S. Grant i es va unir al partit Republicà, cosa que el va fer força impopular al Sud. Fou ambaixador a Turquia (1880-1881) i comissionat de ferrocarrils del Pacífic (1898-1904). (ca) James Longstreet (8. ledna 1821 - 2. ledna 1904) byl americký válečník a diplomat. Proslavil se především jako jeden z nejvýznamnějších konfederačních generálů americké občanské války a byl hlavním podřízeným generála Roberta E. Leeho, který mu přezdíval „starý válečný kůň“. Sloužil pod Leeem jako velitel arádního sboru během většiny slavných bitev vedených na východních bojištích občanské války a bojoval i krátce pod Braxtonem Braggem v na západě. Po absolvování vojenské akademie Spojených států ve West Pointu sloužil Longstreet v mexicko-americké válce. V byl zraněn do stehna. Poté se oženil se svou první manželkou Louisou Garlandovou. V padesátých letech 19. století sloužil v pohraniční armádě na americkém jihozápadě. V červnu 1861 Longstreet vystoupil z americké armády a připojil se k armádě Konfederace. Velel vojákům Konfederace během počátečního vítězství v červencové bitvě u Blackburn's Fordu a měl menší roli v první bitvě u Bull Runu. Longstreet významně přispěl k několika důležitým vítězstvím Konfederace, většinou ve východní oblasti bojů jako jeden z hlavních podřízených Roberta E. Leeho v armádě Severní Virginie. Selhal v proto, že omylem vyslal své muže nesprávnou cestou, což způsobilo, že dorazili na bojiště pozdě, ale hrál důležitou roli v úspěchu v létě 1862, kde pomáhal řídit opakované útoky, jež vyhnaly armádu Unie z konfederačního hlavního města Richmondu. Longstreet pak vedl ničivý protiútok, který v srpnu porazil armádu Unie ve . Jeho muži udrželi obrannou pozici v a u . Longstreetova nejkontroverznější role byla v bitvě u Gettysburgu v červenci 1863, kde otevřeně nesouhlasil s generálem Leem ohledně taktiky, která má být použita, a neochotně velel několika neúspěšným útokům na síly Unie včetně katastrofálního Pickettova útoku. Poté byl Longstreet na vlastní žádost odeslán na západ bojovat pod Braxtonem Braggem. Zde Longstreetovy jednotky zahájily zuřivý útok na linie Unie v , který rozhodl tento den bojů. Poté jeho téměř samostatné velení během vyústilo v porážku Konfederace. Longstreetovo působení na západě bylo poznamenáno jeho ústřední rolí v mnoha konfliktech mezi generály Konfederace. Nešťastný ze služby pod Braggem byl Longstreet se svými muži odeslán zpět k Leeovi. Zručně velel během v roce 1864, kde byl vážně zraněn palbou vlastních jednotek. Později se vrátil na bitevní pole a sloužil pod Leeem během a . Longstreet měl úspěšnou poválečnou kariéru a pracoval pro americkou vládu jako diplomat, státní úředník a manažer. Jeho podpora Republikánské strany a spolupráce s jeho starým přítelem, prezidentem Ulyssesem S. Grantem, stejně jako kritické komentáře, které napsal o válečném účinkování generála Leeho, mu znepřátelily mnoho jeho bývalých kolegů z Konfederace. Jeho pověst na Jihu dále utrpěla, když v v roce 1874 vedl afroamerické milice proti protirekonstrukční . Autoři z hnutí Lost Cause se zaměřili na Longstreetovo velení v Gettysburgu jako hlavní důvod porážky Konfederace. Od konce 20. století prošla Longstreetova pověst pomalým přehodnocením. Mnoho historiků ho nyní považuje za jednoho z nejnadanějších taktiků občanské války. (cs) James Longstreet (* 8. Januar 1821 im , South Carolina; † 2. Januar 1904 in Gainesville, Georgia) war bis 1861 Offizier des US-Heeres, danach General im konföderierten Heer und nach dem Sezessionskrieg Inspekteur der Zollverwaltung in New Orleans, Kommandeur der Staatspolizei und der Miliz in New Orleans und Botschafter im Osmanischen Reich. Longstreet war der wichtigste Untergebene General Robert E. Lees, der ihn „My Old War Horse“ (dt.: Mein altes Schlachtross) nannte. Er diente als Kommandierender General, sowohl in der Nord-Virginia-Armee auf dem östlichen Kriegsschauplatz als auch unter General Braxton Bragg in der Tennessee-Armee auf dem westlichen Kriegsschauplatz. Longstreet nahm an allen wichtigen Schlachten 1862 und 1863 auf dem östlichen Kriegsschauplatz teil. Auf dem westlichen Kriegsschauplatz verstärkte er entscheidend die Tennessee-Armee während der Schlacht am Chickamauga und führte autonom den Knoxville-Feldzug. Zurück auf dem östlichen Kriegsschauplatz wurde er während der Schlacht in der Wilderness schwer verwundet. Nach seiner Genesung führte er erneut ein Korps unter Lee und nahm an der Belagerung von Petersburg und dem Appomattox-Feldzug teil. Der am meisten kontrovers diskutierte Einsatz fand in der Schlacht von Gettysburg statt, bei der er die taktische Auffassung General Lees nicht teilte und den verheerenden Infanterieangriff – später bekannt als Picketts Charge – nur zögernd führte. Nach dem Sezessionskrieg trat er der Republikanischen Partei bei und arbeitete mit seinem Freund, Präsident Ulysses S. Grant, eng zusammen. In seinen Memoiren beschrieb Longstreet einige von General Lees Handlungen kritisch, was ihm bei einigen seiner ehemaligen konföderierten Mitgeneralen Hass eintrug. Das führte schließlich dazu, dass die Verfechter des Lost Cause Longstreets Verhalten bei Gettysburg die Hauptschuld am Verlust des Krieges gaben. (de) James Longstreet (January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse". He served under Lee as a corps commander for most of the battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, and briefly with Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater. After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point, Longstreet served in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War. He was wounded in the thigh at the Battle of Chapultepec, and during recovery married his first wife, Louise Garland. Throughout the 1850s, he served on frontier duty in the American Southwest. In June 1861, Longstreet resigned his U.S. Army commission and joined the Confederate Army. He commanded Confederate troops during an early victory at Blackburn's Ford in July and played a minor role at the First Battle of Bull Run. Longstreet made significant contributions to most major Confederate victories, primarily in the Eastern Theater as one of Robert E. Lee's chief subordinates in the Army of Northern Virginia. He performed poorly at Seven Pines by accidentally marching his men down the wrong road, causing them to arrive late, but played an important role in the Confederate success of the Seven Days Battles in the summer of 1862, where he helped supervise repeated attacks which drove the Union army away from the Confederate capital of Richmond. Longstreet led a devastating counterattack that routed the Union army at Second Bull Run in August. His men held their ground in defensive roles at Antietam and Fredericksburg. He did not participate in the Confederate victory at Chancellorsville, as he and most of his soldiers had been detached on the comparatively minor Siege of Suffolk. Longstreet's most controversial service was at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, where he openly disagreed with General Lee on the tactics to be employed and reluctantly supervised several unsuccessful attacks on Union forces. Afterward, Longstreet was, at his own request, sent to the Western Theater to fight under Braxton Bragg, where his troops launched a ferocious assault on the Union lines at Chickamauga that carried the day. Afterward, his performance in semi-autonomous command during the Knoxville campaign resulted in a Confederate defeat. Longstreet's tenure in the Western Theater was marred by his central role in numerous conflicts amongst Confederate generals. Unhappy serving under Bragg, Longstreet and his men were sent back to Lee. He ably commanded troops during the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, where he was seriously wounded by friendly fire. He later returned to the field, serving under Lee in the Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox campaign. Longstreet enjoyed a successful post-war career working for the U.S. government as a diplomat, civil servant, and administrator. His support for the Republican Party and his cooperation with his old friend, President Ulysses S. Grant, as well as critical comments he wrote about Lee's wartime performance, made him anathema to many of his former Confederate colleagues. His reputation in the South further suffered when he led African-American militia against the anti-Reconstruction White League at the Battle of Liberty Place in 1874. Authors of the Lost Cause movement focused on Longstreet's actions at Gettysburg as a principal reason for why the South lost the Civil War. As an elderly man, he married Helen Dortch Longstreet, a woman several decades younger than him, who after his death worked to restore her husband's image. Since the late 20th century, Longstreet's reputation has undergone a slow reassessment. Many Civil War historians now consider him among the war's most gifted tactical commanders. (en) James Longstreet (8 de enero de 1821 - 2 de enero de 1904) fue uno de los más destacados generales confederados de la guerra civil estadounidense, teniendo posteriormente una exitosa carrera post guerra trabajando para el gobierno de sus antiguos enemigos como diplomático y administrador. (es) James Longstreet, dit Old War Horse, né le 8 janvier 1821 à Edgefield (États-Unis) et mort le 2 janvier 1904 à Gainesville (États-Unis), est un militaire et diplomate américain qui fut l'un des principaux généraux confédérés durant la guerre de Sécession (ou guerre civile américaine). (fr) James Longstreet (8 Januari 1821 – 2 Januari 1904) adalah perwira jenderal Negara Konfederasi Amerika. Ia lulus dari Akademi Militer Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1842, pernah bertugas dalam Perang Meksiko-Amerika. Dalam Perang Saudara Amerika, ia membawa kemenangan di Bull Run, Antietam, dan Fredericksburg (1862). Dinasnya yang paling kontroversial terjadi selama Pertempuran Gettysburg (1863), ketika ia tak sependapat dengan taktik dipakai oleh Jend. . Dalam , ia terluka berat. Performanya pada komando semiotonom di Knoxville mengakibatkan kekalahan Konfederasi. Seusai perang, ia bekerja sama dengan sahabat lamanya Ulysses S. Grant dan bergabung dengan Partai Republik, yang membuatnya tak populer di Selatan. Ia menjabat sebagai Duta Besar Amerika Serikat untuk Turki (1880-1881) dan Komisaris Perkeretaapian (1898-1904). (in) James Longstreet (Edgefield, 8 gennaio 1821 – Gainesville, 2 gennaio 1904) è stato un generale statunitense. Ufficiale nell'US Army, divenne tenente generale nell'esercito degli Stati Confederati durante la guerra di secessione. Fu uno dei più famosi generali degli Stati Confederati d'America nella guerra di secessione americana prima di intraprendere con successo una carriera nel periodo post-bellico che lo portò a lavorare per il governo dei suoi antichi avversari come diplomatico e amministratore. (it) 제임스 롱스트리트(James Longstreet, 1821년 1월 8일~1904년 1월 2일)는 미합중국 남북전쟁에서 남군의 걸출한 장군 중 한 명이며, 로버트 리의 오른팔이자 북버지니아군의 핵심 지휘관으로 참전한 미국의 군인이다. 리는 롱스트리트를 가리켜 "늙은 군마"라고 불렀다. 롱스트리트는 리의 휘하에서 동부전선 북버지니아군 1군단을 이끌고 많은 이름높은 전투에 참가했고, 또 서부전선에서는 테네시군에서 브락스톤 브라지(Braxton Bragg)장군과 함께 싸웠다. 전기작가이자 역사가인 제프리 D 웰트(Jeffry D. Wert)는 “롱스트리트는 북버지니아군에서 가장 뛰어난 군단지휘관이었다. 사실 그는 의심할 수 없는 양군 전투에서 가장 우수한 군단지휘관이었다.”라고 책에 썼다. 롱스트리트의 군사적 재능으로 인해 제2차 불런 전투, 및 에서 공격에서나 방어에서도 남군의 승리에 의미있는 공헌을 해냈다. 또한 7일 전투, 앤티텀 전투, 중상을 당할 정도였던 에서도 눈부신 전과를 올렸다. 테네시 주(州) 녹스빌에서 거의 절반은 방심한 상태의 지휘를 할 때는 남군에 있어 뼈아픈 패배를 입기도 했다. 롱스트리트가 전투시 벌인 행동 중에 논란이 많았던 것은 게티스버그 전투때 리장군이 채택한 전술에 동의하지 않고, 피켓의 돌격이라 불리는 보병에 의한 비참한 공격을 주저하고 그저 보고만 있었던 것 때문이었다. 롱스트리트는 전쟁 후 외교관, 공무원 및 행정관으로서 미합중국 정부를 위해 일했다. 그러나 공화당에서 자리를 바꿔 옛 친구였던 율리시스 그랜트에게 협력한 일과 또한 전투때 리장군의 행동에 대해서 비판한 말을 책에 쓴 일로 인해 많은 남군의 동료 다수로부터 배신자란 비난을 받았다. 남군의 패배 원인에 대해서 쓴 책에서 사람들은 게티스버그에서 롱스트리트의 행동이 남군이 전쟁에 지게 된 원인이라고 강조했다. 롱스트리트는 남부에서 평판이 1세기 이상이나 나빴으나, 겨우 최근에 들어 재평가가 이루어지기 시작했다. (ko) ジェイムズ・ロングストリート（James Longstreet、1821年1月8日-1904年1月2日）は、アメリカ合衆国南北戦争の南軍で傑出した将軍であり、ロバート・E・リー将軍の片腕であった。リーはロングストリートのことを「オールド・ウォー・ホース」（年寄りの軍馬）と呼んだ。 (ja) James Longstreet (ur. 8 stycznia 1821, zm. 2 stycznia 1904) – generał konfederacki w czasie wojny secesyjnej. W 1842 ukończył Akademię Wojskową West Point, z niezapowiadającym późniejszych sukcesów 54 miejscu na 56 absolwentów. (pl) James Longstreet ( (South Carolina), 8 januari 1821 – Gainesville (Georgia), 2 januari 1904) was een van de meest vooraanstaande Zuidelijke generaals van de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog. Na deze oorlog was hij een van de weinige leiders uit het verslagen Zuiden die hun medewerking verleenden aan de regering van de Verenigde Staten, die hij diende als bestuurder en diplomaat. (nl) James Longstreet (Edgefield, 8 de Janeiro de 1821 – Gainesville, 2 de Janeiro de 1904) foi um importante general dos Exército dos Estados Confederados que lutou na Guerra Civil Americana e foi um dos principais subordinados do general Robert E. Lee, que o apelidou de "meu ". Longstreet comandou o principal corpo de exército de Lee em algumas das mais famosas batalhas que o Exército da Virgínia do Norte travou no Teatro de operações Oriental e depois serviu no , sob comando do general Braxton Bragg, no Teatro Ocidental. Após se graduar na Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos, em West Point, Longstreet serviu na Guerra Mexicano-Americana. Ele foi ferido na coxa na Batalha de Chapultepec e logo depois se casou com sua primeira mulher, Louise Garland. Durante a década de 1850, serviu nas fronteiras do Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos. Em junho de 1861, Longstreet renunciou sua posição no Exército dos Estados Unidos e se juntou aos Confederados. Ele comandou as tropas sulistas na em julho e desempenhou um papel menor na Primeira Batalha de Bull Run. Longstreet contribuiu significativamente em várias vitórias confederadas, a maioria no Teatro Oriental, servindo como o principal subordinado do general Robert E. Lee no Exército da Virgínia do Norte. Ele não teve uma boa performance na Batalha de Seven Pines quando, acidentalmente, marchou seus homens pela estrada errada, fazendo com que seus homens chegassem atrasados na batalha. Porém Longstreet exerceu uma função importante na Batalha dos Sete Dias no verão de 1862. Longstreet liderou um devastador contra-ataque que dispersou o Exército da União durante a Segunda Batalha de Bull Run em agosto. Seus homens também seguraram suas posições em ações defensivas durante as batalhas de Antietam e Fredericksburg. Porém o serviço mais controverso do general Longstreet aconteceu durante a Batalha de Gettysburg, em julho de 1863, onde ele abertamente discordou das táticas e decisões do general Lee e relutantemente supervisionou diversos ataques contra posições da União, incluindo o desastroso Pickett's Charge. Logo depois, Longstreet pediu para ser transferido para o Fronte Ocidental, indo servir sob o general Braxton Bragg, onde suas tropas realizaram um feroz ataque contra as linhas da União na Batalha de Chickamauga, vencendo o combate. Posteriormente, sua performance na não foi significativa e terminou em derrota para os Confederados. O tempo de Longstreet no Fronte Ocidental foi marcado por seu papel central em inúmeros conflitos entre generais confederados. Infeliz servindo sob o general Bragg, Longstreet e seus soldados voltaram para a Frente Leste para servir novamente sob comando de Lee. Ele serviu com habilidade durante a sangrenta em 1864, onde foi ferido gravemente por fogo amigo. Ele se recuperou e voltou a frente de batalha, servindo com o general Lee no Cerco de Petersburg e na Campanha de Appomattox. Depois da guerra, Longstreet não teve problemas em voltar a servir o governo federal americano. Ele serviu como diplomata, servidor público e administrador para o governo. Ele até chegou a se filiar ao Partido Republicano e cooperou com seu antigo amigo e inimigo em tempos de guerra, o agora Presidente Ulysses S. Grant. Mais tarde, escreveu suas memórias, onde foi crítico da performance do general Lee durante a guerra, o tornando uma espécia de anátema para muitos dos seus ex colegas confederados. Sua reputação no sul dos Estados Unidos sofreu ainda mais quando ele chegou a liderar milícias de afro-americanos contra um grupo de supremacistas brancos conhecidos como "White League", durante a Reconstrução, na , em 1874. Escritores e autores do mito da Causa Perdida afirmam que as ações de Longstreet causaram a derrota confederada em Gettysburg, contribuindo decisivamente para a derrota do sul na guerra. Porém, sua reputação tem melhorado nas últimas décadas. Muitos historiadores da guerra civil americana consideram o general Longstreet como um dos comandantes mais hábeis da guerra. (pt) James Longstreet, född den 8 januari 1821 i Edgefield District, South Carolina, död den 2 januari 1904 i Gainesville, Georgia, var en amerikansk militär, generallöjtnant i sydstatsarmén under det amerikanska inbördeskriget. (sv) Джеймс Ло́нгстрит (англ. James Longstreet, 8 января 1821 — 2 января 1904) — один из самых известных генералов армии Конфедерации во время Гражданской войны в Америке, ближайший соратник генерала Ли, который называл его «Старым Боевым Конём». Он служил под командованием генерала Ли как командир корпуса во многих известных сражениях Восточного театра боевых действий и только раз в армии Брэкстона Брэгга в теннесийской армии на Западном театре. Историк и биограф Джеффри Верт писал, что «Лонгстрит… был лучшим корпусным командиром в Северовирджинской армии, фактически, он был лучшим корпусным командиром той войны вообще». Способности генерала Лонгстрита принесли Конфедерации победы в сражениях при Булл-Ране, Фредериксберге и Чикамуге, он хорошо себя проявил в Семидневной битве, сражении на Энтитеме, а также в сражении в Глуши, где был серьёзно ранен. Возможно, его отсутствие негативно сказалось на управлении армией Конфедерации в сражениях при Спотсильвейни и Колд-Харборе. Много споров вызывает его роль в битве при Геттисберге, где под его руководством проводилась атака Пикетта. После войны он сделал успешную карьеру в правительстве США в качества дипломата и администратора. Его сотрудничество с Республиканской партией, дружба с президентом Улиссом Грантом, а также критические отзывы о деятельности генерала Ли навлекли на него проклятья его прежних соратников-южан. Его репутация на Юге серьёзно пострадала на целое столетие, и только сейчас начинает понемногу меняться в лучшую сторону. (ru) 詹姆斯·隆史崔特（James Longstreet，1821年1月8日－1904年1月2日），是南北戰爭期間的邦聯將軍，與石牆傑克森一樣是邦聯軍隊的重要人物。邦聯代表人物羅伯特李將軍曾說：隆史崔特是他的老戰馬。 (zh) |
| dbo:almaMater | dbr:United_States_Military_Academy |
| dbo:birthDate | 1821-01-08 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Edgefield_Historic_District_(Edgefield,_South_Carolina) |
| dbo:deathDate | 1904-01-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathPlace | dbr:Gainesville,_Georgia |
| dbo:militaryService | dbr:James_Longstreet__MilitaryService__1 |
| dbo:party | dbr:Republican_Party_(United_States) |
| dbo:restingPlace | dbr:Gainesville,_Georgia dbr:Georgia_(U.S._state) |
| dbo:signature | James Longstreet signature.svg |
| dbo:spouse | dbr:Helen_Dortch_Longstreet |
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| dbp:almaMater | United States Military Academy Class of 1842 (en) |
| dbp:alt | Portrait photograph of Longstreet with a large beard in his gray Confederate uniform (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | جيمس لونغستريت (بالإنجليزية: James Longstreet) (و. 1821 – 1904 م) هو دبلوماسي، وعسكري، وقائد عسكري، من الولايات المتحدة، ولد في كارولاينا الجنوبية، كان عضوًا في الحزب الجمهوري، ويحمل رتبة عسكرية فريق أول، توفي في غينسفيل، عن عمر يناهز 83 عاماً. (ar) James Longstreet fou un militar sudista. Graduat a l'Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units el 1842, quan es formà la Confederació hi fou nomenat general de brigada. Va lluitar a les dues batalles de Bull Run, Antietam i Fredericksburg (1862). Nomenat tinent general, participà amb Robert E. Lee a la batalla de Gettysburg (1863), tot atribuint-se-li la responsabilitat de la derrota. Fou vencedor a la batalla de Chickamauga (1863), però fou ferit a . Es va rendir amb Robert Lee a . Després de la guerra mostrà admiració per Ulysses S. Grant i es va unir al partit Republicà, cosa que el va fer força impopular al Sud. Fou ambaixador a Turquia (1880-1881) i comissionat de ferrocarrils del Pacífic (1898-1904). (ca) James Longstreet (8 de enero de 1821 - 2 de enero de 1904) fue uno de los más destacados generales confederados de la guerra civil estadounidense, teniendo posteriormente una exitosa carrera post guerra trabajando para el gobierno de sus antiguos enemigos como diplomático y administrador. (es) James Longstreet, dit Old War Horse, né le 8 janvier 1821 à Edgefield (États-Unis) et mort le 2 janvier 1904 à Gainesville (États-Unis), est un militaire et diplomate américain qui fut l'un des principaux généraux confédérés durant la guerre de Sécession (ou guerre civile américaine). (fr) James Longstreet (Edgefield, 8 gennaio 1821 – Gainesville, 2 gennaio 1904) è stato un generale statunitense. Ufficiale nell'US Army, divenne tenente generale nell'esercito degli Stati Confederati durante la guerra di secessione. Fu uno dei più famosi generali degli Stati Confederati d'America nella guerra di secessione americana prima di intraprendere con successo una carriera nel periodo post-bellico che lo portò a lavorare per il governo dei suoi antichi avversari come diplomatico e amministratore. (it) ジェイムズ・ロングストリート（James Longstreet、1821年1月8日-1904年1月2日）は、アメリカ合衆国南北戦争の南軍で傑出した将軍であり、ロバート・E・リー将軍の片腕であった。リーはロングストリートのことを「オールド・ウォー・ホース」（年寄りの軍馬）と呼んだ。 (ja) James Longstreet (ur. 8 stycznia 1821, zm. 2 stycznia 1904) – generał konfederacki w czasie wojny secesyjnej. W 1842 ukończył Akademię Wojskową West Point, z niezapowiadającym późniejszych sukcesów 54 miejscu na 56 absolwentów. (pl) James Longstreet ( (South Carolina), 8 januari 1821 – Gainesville (Georgia), 2 januari 1904) was een van de meest vooraanstaande Zuidelijke generaals van de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog. Na deze oorlog was hij een van de weinige leiders uit het verslagen Zuiden die hun medewerking verleenden aan de regering van de Verenigde Staten, die hij diende als bestuurder en diplomaat. (nl) James Longstreet, född den 8 januari 1821 i Edgefield District, South Carolina, död den 2 januari 1904 i Gainesville, Georgia, var en amerikansk militär, generallöjtnant i sydstatsarmén under det amerikanska inbördeskriget. (sv) 詹姆斯·隆史崔特（James Longstreet，1821年1月8日－1904年1月2日），是南北戰爭期間的邦聯將軍，與石牆傑克森一樣是邦聯軍隊的重要人物。邦聯代表人物羅伯特李將軍曾說：隆史崔特是他的老戰馬。 (zh) James Longstreet (8. ledna 1821 - 2. ledna 1904) byl americký válečník a diplomat. Proslavil se především jako jeden z nejvýznamnějších konfederačních generálů americké občanské války a byl hlavním podřízeným generála Roberta E. Leeho, který mu přezdíval „starý válečný kůň“. Sloužil pod Leeem jako velitel arádního sboru během většiny slavných bitev vedených na východních bojištích občanské války a bojoval i krátce pod Braxtonem Braggem v na západě. (cs) James Longstreet (* 8. Januar 1821 im , South Carolina; † 2. Januar 1904 in Gainesville, Georgia) war bis 1861 Offizier des US-Heeres, danach General im konföderierten Heer und nach dem Sezessionskrieg Inspekteur der Zollverwaltung in New Orleans, Kommandeur der Staatspolizei und der Miliz in New Orleans und Botschafter im Osmanischen Reich. Der am meisten kontrovers diskutierte Einsatz fand in der Schlacht von Gettysburg statt, bei der er die taktische Auffassung General Lees nicht teilte und den verheerenden Infanterieangriff – später bekannt als Picketts Charge – nur zögernd führte. (de) James Longstreet (January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse". He served under Lee as a corps commander for most of the battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, and briefly with Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater. (en) James Longstreet (8 Januari 1821 – 2 Januari 1904) adalah perwira jenderal Negara Konfederasi Amerika. Ia lulus dari Akademi Militer Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1842, pernah bertugas dalam Perang Meksiko-Amerika. Dalam Perang Saudara Amerika, ia membawa kemenangan di Bull Run, Antietam, dan Fredericksburg (1862). Dinasnya yang paling kontroversial terjadi selama Pertempuran Gettysburg (1863), ketika ia tak sependapat dengan taktik dipakai oleh Jend. . Dalam , ia terluka berat. Performanya pada komando semiotonom di Knoxville mengakibatkan kekalahan Konfederasi. Seusai perang, ia bekerja sama dengan sahabat lamanya Ulysses S. Grant dan bergabung dengan Partai Republik, yang membuatnya tak populer di Selatan. Ia menjabat sebagai Duta Besar Amerika Serikat untuk Turki (1880-1881) dan Komisaris (in) 제임스 롱스트리트(James Longstreet, 1821년 1월 8일~1904년 1월 2일)는 미합중국 남북전쟁에서 남군의 걸출한 장군 중 한 명이며, 로버트 리의 오른팔이자 북버지니아군의 핵심 지휘관으로 참전한 미국의 군인이다. 리는 롱스트리트를 가리켜 "늙은 군마"라고 불렀다. 롱스트리트는 리의 휘하에서 동부전선 북버지니아군 1군단을 이끌고 많은 이름높은 전투에 참가했고, 또 서부전선에서는 테네시군에서 브락스톤 브라지(Braxton Bragg)장군과 함께 싸웠다. 전기작가이자 역사가인 제프리 D 웰트(Jeffry D. Wert)는 “롱스트리트는 북버지니아군에서 가장 뛰어난 군단지휘관이었다. 사실 그는 의심할 수 없는 양군 전투에서 가장 우수한 군단지휘관이었다.”라고 책에 썼다. (ko) James Longstreet (Edgefield, 8 de Janeiro de 1821 – Gainesville, 2 de Janeiro de 1904) foi um importante general dos Exército dos Estados Confederados que lutou na Guerra Civil Americana e foi um dos principais subordinados do general Robert E. Lee, que o apelidou de "meu ". Longstreet comandou o principal corpo de exército de Lee em algumas das mais famosas batalhas que o Exército da Virgínia do Norte travou no Teatro de operações Oriental e depois serviu no , sob comando do general Braxton Bragg, no Teatro Ocidental. (pt) Джеймс Ло́нгстрит (англ. James Longstreet, 8 января 1821 — 2 января 1904) — один из самых известных генералов армии Конфедерации во время Гражданской войны в Америке, ближайший соратник генерала Ли, который называл его «Старым Боевым Конём». Он служил под командованием генерала Ли как командир корпуса во многих известных сражениях Восточного театра боевых действий и только раз в армии Брэкстона Брэгга в теннесийской армии на Западном театре. Историк и биограф Джеффри Верт писал, что «Лонгстрит… был лучшим корпусным командиром в Северовирджинской армии, фактически, он был лучшим корпусным командиром той войны вообще». (ru) |
| rdfs:label | James Longstreet (en) جيمس لونغستريت (ar) James Longstreet (ca) James Longstreet (cs) James Longstreet (de) James Longstreet (es) James Longstreet (fr) James Longstreet (in) James Longstreet (it) 제임스 롱스트리트 (ko) ジェイムズ・ロングストリート (ja) James Longstreet (nl) James Longstreet (pl) James Longstreet (pt) Лонгстрит, Джеймс (ru) James Longstreet (sv) 詹姆斯·隆史崔特 (zh) |
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dbr:1st_Virginia_Infantry_Regiment dbr:1st_West_Virginia_Cavalry_Regiment dbr:Augustus_Baldwin_Longstreet dbr:5th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment dbr:74th_Indiana_Infantry_Regiment dbr:79th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment dbr:82nd_Ohio_Infantry_Regiment dbr:88th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment dbr:8th_Florida_Infantry_Regiment dbr:8th_Ohio_Infantry_Regiment dbr:9th_Pennsylvania_Cavalry_Regiment dbr:Bristoe_campaign dbr:Bruce_Boxleitner dbr:Bushrod_Johnson dbr:C.C._Crews dbr:Throggs_Neck dbr:Tom_Berenger dbr:Traveller_(horse) dbr:USS_Alert_(1861) dbr:W._Claude_Jones dbr:Walter_H._Taylor dbr:War_Between_the_Provinces dbr:Western_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War dbr:William_Barksdale dbr:William_Dorsey_Pender dbr:William_E._Jones_(general) dbr:William_F._Perry dbr:William_H._Christian dbr:William_H._Face dbr:William_H._Parkins dbr:William_Harrison_Martin dbr:William_Henry_Palmer dbr:William_Jackson_Palmer dbr:William_Mahone dbr:William_N._Pendleton dbr:William_Rosecrans dbr:William_S._Baylor |
| is dbp:commander of | dbr:Battle_of_Blackburn's_Ford dbr:Battle_of_Campbell's_Station dbr:Battle_of_Dandridge dbr:Battle_of_Fair_Oaks_&_Darbytown_Road dbr:Battle_of_Fort_Sanders dbr:Battle_of_Rice's_Station dbr:Chattanooga_campaign dbr:Knoxville_campaign |
| is dbp:commands of | dbr:William_T._Martin |
| is dbp:name of | dbr:Academy_of_Richmond_County |
| is dbp:notableCommanders of | dbr:First_Corps,_Army_of_Northern_Virginia |
| is dbp:preceded of | dbr:Lew_Wallace |
| is dbp:relations of | dbr:Samuel_Garland_Jr. |
| is dbp:shipNamesake of | dbr:SS_James_Longstreet |
| is dbp:spouse of | dbr:Helen_Dortch_Longstreet |
| is dbp:successor of | dbr:Horace_Maynard |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:James_Longstreet |
