Scarborough Shoal (original) (raw)
L'Escull Scarborough també anomenat Banc de sorra Scarborough o Bajo de Masinloc (en xinès: 黃岩島; en tagalo: Kulumpol ng Panatag) és un banc de sorra situat entre l'illa de Luzón i el Banc Macclesfield en el Mar de la Xina Meridional.
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| dbo:abstract | L'Escull Scarborough també anomenat Banc de sorra Scarborough o Bajo de Masinloc (en xinès: 黃岩島; en tagalo: Kulumpol ng Panatag) és un banc de sorra situat entre l'illa de Luzón i el Banc Macclesfield en el Mar de la Xina Meridional. (ca) Scarborough Shoal, tj. útes Scarborough (špan.: Bajo de Masinloc; zvaný též: Panatag Shoal, tagalog: Kulumpol ng Panatag; čínsky Chuang-jan tao 黄岩岛, pch.: Huáng Yán Dăo) je atol v Jihočínském moři. Nachází se v oblasti mezi největším filipínským ostrovem Luzon a mělčinou . Jde o prstenec útesů s vnitřní lagunou, s obvodem asi 46 km. Nejbližší pevninou je právě Luzon, vzdálený 137 námořních mil, takže podle hledisek mezinárodní úmluvy UNCLOS spadá zcela nepochybně do filipínské výlučné ekonomické zóny. Od r. 2012 je však v držení Číny. Filipíny v čele s tehdejším presidentem Benignem Aquinem v r. 2013 iniciovaly žalobu na Čínu za okupaci atolu, který je tradiční oblastí lovu filipínských rybářů u mezinárodního Stálého rozhodčího soudu v Haagu. Rozsudek byl vynesen 12. července 2016 a jednoznačně odsoudil čínský zábor jako neoprávněný a násilný akt. Haagský soud současně odsoudil i celou čínskou koncepci Linie devíti čar (dle níž si ČLR nárokuje téměř 90 % Jihočínského moře včetně části teritoriálních vod Filipín, Vietnamu, Tchaj-wanu, Malajsie, Bruneje a Indonésie). Další filipínský president Rodrigo Duterte, jenž do úřadu nastoupil těsně před vynesením rozsudku, však tento verdikt označil za "cár papíru" a nastoupil cestu sbližování s ČLR. Čína udržuje u atolu trvale početné loďstvo a také započala se stavebními pracemi - filipínská média v r. 2018 přinesla v této souvislosti zprávy o rozsáhlém poničení většiny atolu. (cs) Das Scarborough-Riff, Huangyan Dao oder Panatag (englisch Scarborough Reef oder Scarborough Shoal, chinesisch 黄岩岛, Pinyin Huángyán Dǎo, Filipino/Tagalog Kulumpol ng Panatag) ist ein weitgehend versunkenes Atoll im Südchinesischen Meer. (de) El Bajo de Masinloc también llamado Atolón de Scarborough, Banco de arena Scarborough, Banco de arena Panatag, Arrecife Scarborough o Arrecife Democracy (en chino: 黃岩島; en tagalo: Kulumpol ng Panatag) es un banco de arena situado entre la isla de Luzón y el Banco Macclesfield en el Mar de China Meridional. Es un territorio en disputa reclamado por la República Popular de China, la República de China (Taiwán) y Filipinas. El estado del bajío se discute a menudo en combinación con otras disputas territoriales en el Mar Meridional de China, tales como los relativas a las Islas Spratly y las islas Paracel. Desde 2012 tras un enfrentamiento en el arrecife, el acceso al territorio ha sido restringido por la República Popular de China. (es) Le récif de Scarborough, en tagalog Panatag Shoal ou Bajo de Masinlóc, en mandarin standard Huángyán Dǎo (en sinogramme simplifié 黄岩岛, en sinogramme traditionnel 黃岩島), est un récif en forme d'atoll de la mer de Chine méridionale revendiqué par la République populaire de Chine, les Philippines et Taïwan. Depuis 2012, à la suite d'une opération militaire de sa marine, la République populaire de Chine en interdit l’accès qui était libre auparavant. Il est situé entre le banc de Macclesfield et l'île philippine de Luçon, à 220 km de Palaug, province de Zambales, Philippines. (fr) Gosong Scarborough, Karang Scarborough, atau Gosong Panatag (Hanzi: 黃岩島; Pinyin: Huángyán Dǎo; Filipina: Gosong Panatag), yang lebih tepat digambarkan sebagai sekelompok pulau dan karang dalam bentuk atol daripada gosong pasir, terletak antara dan Luzon, Filipina di Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Kepemilikan wilayah ini dipersengketakan antara Filipina, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dan Republik Tiongkok (Taiwan). Sebagian besar sumber memisahkan atol ini dari Kepulauan Spratly, yang terletak sejauh 350 km di sebelah barat daya. (in) Scarborough Shoal, also known as Bajo de Masinloc (in Spanish), Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Kulumpol ng Panatag, lit. 'serene cluster'), Huangyan Island (Mandarin Chinese: 黄岩岛; pinyin: Huáng Yán Dǎo; lit. 'yellow rock island'), and Democracy Reef, are two rocks in a shoal located between Luzon and Macclesfield Bank within the Philippine EEZ in the South China Sea. It is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away from the nearest landmass of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines. It is a disputed territory claimed by the Republic of the Philippines through the 1734 Velarde map, while the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan) claim it through the disputed nine-dash line (originally an eleven-dash line which included waters in the Gulf of Tonkin). The shoal's status is often discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea such as those involving the Spratly Islands, and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff. It was administered by the Philippines as part of its Zambales province, until 2012, when a standoff was initiated by China through the use of warships against fishing boats, resulting in its effective capture. In 2013, the Philippines solely filed an international case against China in the arbitration court in The Hague, Netherlands. In 2016, the court declared that China's so-called nine-dash line claim in the entire South China Sea was invalid, while upholding the sovereign rights of the Philippines in the area. China rejected the UN-backed international court's decision, sending more warships in Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands, while a multitude of nations backed the Tribunal's ruling including the claimants to the area such as Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The shoal was named by Captain Philip D'Auvergne, whose East India Company East Indiaman Scarborough grounded on one of the rocks on 12 September 1784, before sailing on to China, although it already had a Spanish name recorded in the 1734 Velarde map of Spanish Philippines. (en) スカボロー礁（英語: Scarborough Shoal, Scarborough Reef、フィリピン名：Bajo de Masinloc、Kulumpol ng Panatag、Karburo、中国語: 黄岩岛、民主礁）は、南シナ海にある環礁。スカボロ礁、スカーボロ礁、スカバラ礁とも呼ばれる。18世紀にこの地点で難破した茶貿易船「Scarborough号」にちなんだ名前である。 2012年から中華人民共和国が実効支配しており、中国以外にフィリピン・中華民国（台湾）が主権 (領有）を主張している。中国ではスカボロー礁を含む島礁群を「中沙諸島」と呼んでいる。スカボロー礁は「中沙諸島」の中で高潮時にも海面から露出する唯一の岩礁である。 (ja) 스카버러 암초(영어: Scarborough Shoal / Scarborough Reef)는 남중국해에 위치한 암초로, 메이클즈필드 천퇴와 필리핀 루손섬 사이에 위치한다. 중화인민공화국과 중화민국에서는 황옌다오(중국어 간체자: 黄岩岛, 정체자: 黃岩島, 병음: Huángyán Dǎo)이라고 부르고 필리핀에서는 파나타그 암초(타갈로그어: Kulumpol ng Panatag)라고 부른다. 암초 이름은 1784년 이 곳 부근에서 난파된 동인도 회사의 차 무역선인 스카버러 호(Scarborough)에서 유래된 이름이다. 중화인민공화국과 중화민국, 필리핀이 영유권을 주장한다. (ko) La secca di Scarborough, chiamata anche Bajo de Masinloc in lingua spagnola, Secca di Panatag (in filippino: Kulumpol ng Panatag), o Huangyan Island (in lingua cinese mandarino 黄岩岛 Huáng Yán Dǎo), sono due scogli di un atollo in una secca situata tra il e Luzon nel Mar Cinese Meridionale. I due scogli e l'area circostante sono un territorio conteso rivendicato dalle Filippine sulla base della loro citazione nella del 1734 e da Cina e Taiwan sulla base della controversa linea dei nove punti. La disputa sulla sovranità della secca di Scarborough si colloca nella più ampia disputa sul Mar Cinese Meridionale che comprende altre isole. La secca di Scarborough è stata amministrata dalle Filippine (provincia di Zambales) fino al 2012 quando l'area venne occupata da navi militari cinesi inviate a contrastare i pescherecci filippini. (it) Het Scarborough-rif of Panatag-rif (Filipijnse naam: Panatag Shoal; Chinese naam: 黃岩島 Huangyan Dao), is een zandbank bestaande uit enkele eilandjes en riffen in een atol, die zich bevindt in de Zuid-Chinese Zee tussen de Zhongsha-eilanden en Luzon. Het rif behoort tot de Eilanden in de Zuid-Chinese Zee. (nl) Scarboroughrevet, Scarborough Shoal, är ett namn på en ur territoriell synpunkt omstridd atoll i Sydkinesiska havet, som främst Folkrepubliken Kina och Filippinerna gör anspråk på. Andra namn är Panatag eller Panatagreven (tagalog: Kulumpol ng Panatag) och Huangyan Dao (kinesiska: 黃岩島; pinyin: Huangyan dao). Även Taiwan (Republiken Kina) gör anspråk på området. Filippinerna gör anspråk på öarna med hänvisning till den geografiska närheten, men sedan 2012 utövar Folkrepubliken Kina exklusiv kontroll över tillgången till öarna. Det ingår tillsammans med Macclesfieldbanken i det kinesiska distriktet Zhongshaöarna under prefekturnivåstaden Sansha i provinsen Hainan. (sv) 黄岩岛（英語：Scarborough Shoal, Scarborough Reef；西班牙語：Bajo de Masinloc；他加祿語：Kulumpol ng Panatag, Karburo，台湾作民主礁），是南海中沙群岛的一個環礁。该岛距離中沙环礁160海里、距西沙群岛340海里、海南岛500海里、距菲律宾蘇碧灣100海里。为海盆中的海山上覆珊瑚礁而成，是中沙群岛漲潮時唯一露出水面的岛礁，鄰近马尼拉海沟。中華人民共和國、菲律賓、中華民國都宣稱對黃岩島擁有主權，目前黃岩島由中華人民共和國實際控制，行政属海南省三沙市西沙区管轄，中沙群島鎮政府所在地，目前由中國海警駐守執法。 (zh) |
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| dbp:c | 民主礁 (en) |
| dbp:country1ClaimDivisions | dbr:Masinloc dbr:Zambales |
| dbp:country1ClaimDivisionsTitle | dbr:Municipality dbr:Province |
| dbp:countryClaimDivisions | dbr:Kaohsiung dbr:Cijin_District,_Kaohsiung |
| dbp:countryClaimDivisionsTitle | dbr:District_(Taiwan) dbr:Special_municipality_(Taiwan) |
| dbp:highestMount | South Rock (en) |
| dbp:imageCaption | Scarborough Shoal (en) |
| dbp:imageName | Scarborough Shoal Landsat.jpg (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 250 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:l | Democracy Reef (en) |
| dbp:location | dbr:South_China_Sea |
| dbp:majorIslands | 1 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:name | Scarborough Shoal (en) |
| dbp:otherNames | Bajo de Masinloc (en) Huangyan Island (en) Panacot Shoal (en) Panatag Shoal (en) Scarborough Reef (en) Democracy Reef (en) |
| dbp:plural | no (en) |
| dbp:population | 0 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:totalIslands | 2 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:type | shoal (en) |
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| georss:point | 15.183333333333334 117.76666666666667 |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:WikicatAtolls geo:SpatialThing yago:Atoll109210862 yago:CoralReef109256479 yago:District108552138 yago:GeologicalFormation109287968 yago:Island109316454 yago:Land109334396 yago:Location100027167 yago:NaturalElevation109366317 yago:Object100002684 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Reef109406793 yago:Region108630985 yago:WikicatIslandsOfChina yago:WikicatIslandsOfThePhilippines yago:WikicatIslandsOfTheSouthChinaSea yago:YagoGeoEntity yago:YagoLegalActorGeo yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity yago:Ridge109409512 yago:WikicatDisputedIslands yago:WikicatDisputedTerritoriesInAsia yago:WikicatReefsOfTheSouthChinaSea |
| rdfs:comment | L'Escull Scarborough també anomenat Banc de sorra Scarborough o Bajo de Masinloc (en xinès: 黃岩島; en tagalo: Kulumpol ng Panatag) és un banc de sorra situat entre l'illa de Luzón i el Banc Macclesfield en el Mar de la Xina Meridional. (ca) Das Scarborough-Riff, Huangyan Dao oder Panatag (englisch Scarborough Reef oder Scarborough Shoal, chinesisch 黄岩岛, Pinyin Huángyán Dǎo, Filipino/Tagalog Kulumpol ng Panatag) ist ein weitgehend versunkenes Atoll im Südchinesischen Meer. (de) Le récif de Scarborough, en tagalog Panatag Shoal ou Bajo de Masinlóc, en mandarin standard Huángyán Dǎo (en sinogramme simplifié 黄岩岛, en sinogramme traditionnel 黃岩島), est un récif en forme d'atoll de la mer de Chine méridionale revendiqué par la République populaire de Chine, les Philippines et Taïwan. Depuis 2012, à la suite d'une opération militaire de sa marine, la République populaire de Chine en interdit l’accès qui était libre auparavant. Il est situé entre le banc de Macclesfield et l'île philippine de Luçon, à 220 km de Palaug, province de Zambales, Philippines. (fr) Gosong Scarborough, Karang Scarborough, atau Gosong Panatag (Hanzi: 黃岩島; Pinyin: Huángyán Dǎo; Filipina: Gosong Panatag), yang lebih tepat digambarkan sebagai sekelompok pulau dan karang dalam bentuk atol daripada gosong pasir, terletak antara dan Luzon, Filipina di Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Kepemilikan wilayah ini dipersengketakan antara Filipina, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dan Republik Tiongkok (Taiwan). Sebagian besar sumber memisahkan atol ini dari Kepulauan Spratly, yang terletak sejauh 350 km di sebelah barat daya. (in) スカボロー礁（英語: Scarborough Shoal, Scarborough Reef、フィリピン名：Bajo de Masinloc、Kulumpol ng Panatag、Karburo、中国語: 黄岩岛、民主礁）は、南シナ海にある環礁。スカボロ礁、スカーボロ礁、スカバラ礁とも呼ばれる。18世紀にこの地点で難破した茶貿易船「Scarborough号」にちなんだ名前である。 2012年から中華人民共和国が実効支配しており、中国以外にフィリピン・中華民国（台湾）が主権 (領有）を主張している。中国ではスカボロー礁を含む島礁群を「中沙諸島」と呼んでいる。スカボロー礁は「中沙諸島」の中で高潮時にも海面から露出する唯一の岩礁である。 (ja) 스카버러 암초(영어: Scarborough Shoal / Scarborough Reef)는 남중국해에 위치한 암초로, 메이클즈필드 천퇴와 필리핀 루손섬 사이에 위치한다. 중화인민공화국과 중화민국에서는 황옌다오(중국어 간체자: 黄岩岛, 정체자: 黃岩島, 병음: Huángyán Dǎo)이라고 부르고 필리핀에서는 파나타그 암초(타갈로그어: Kulumpol ng Panatag)라고 부른다. 암초 이름은 1784년 이 곳 부근에서 난파된 동인도 회사의 차 무역선인 스카버러 호(Scarborough)에서 유래된 이름이다. 중화인민공화국과 중화민국, 필리핀이 영유권을 주장한다. (ko) Het Scarborough-rif of Panatag-rif (Filipijnse naam: Panatag Shoal; Chinese naam: 黃岩島 Huangyan Dao), is een zandbank bestaande uit enkele eilandjes en riffen in een atol, die zich bevindt in de Zuid-Chinese Zee tussen de Zhongsha-eilanden en Luzon. Het rif behoort tot de Eilanden in de Zuid-Chinese Zee. (nl) 黄岩岛（英語：Scarborough Shoal, Scarborough Reef；西班牙語：Bajo de Masinloc；他加祿語：Kulumpol ng Panatag, Karburo，台湾作民主礁），是南海中沙群岛的一個環礁。该岛距離中沙环礁160海里、距西沙群岛340海里、海南岛500海里、距菲律宾蘇碧灣100海里。为海盆中的海山上覆珊瑚礁而成，是中沙群岛漲潮時唯一露出水面的岛礁，鄰近马尼拉海沟。中華人民共和國、菲律賓、中華民國都宣稱對黃岩島擁有主權，目前黃岩島由中華人民共和國實際控制，行政属海南省三沙市西沙区管轄，中沙群島鎮政府所在地，目前由中國海警駐守執法。 (zh) Scarborough Shoal, tj. útes Scarborough (špan.: Bajo de Masinloc; zvaný též: Panatag Shoal, tagalog: Kulumpol ng Panatag; čínsky Chuang-jan tao 黄岩岛, pch.: Huáng Yán Dăo) je atol v Jihočínském moři. Nachází se v oblasti mezi největším filipínským ostrovem Luzon a mělčinou . Jde o prstenec útesů s vnitřní lagunou, s obvodem asi 46 km. Nejbližší pevninou je právě Luzon, vzdálený 137 námořních mil, takže podle hledisek mezinárodní úmluvy UNCLOS spadá zcela nepochybně do filipínské výlučné ekonomické zóny. Od r. 2012 je však v držení Číny. (cs) El Bajo de Masinloc también llamado Atolón de Scarborough, Banco de arena Scarborough, Banco de arena Panatag, Arrecife Scarborough o Arrecife Democracy (en chino: 黃岩島; en tagalo: Kulumpol ng Panatag) es un banco de arena situado entre la isla de Luzón y el Banco Macclesfield en el Mar de China Meridional. (es) Scarborough Shoal, also known as Bajo de Masinloc (in Spanish), Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Kulumpol ng Panatag, lit. 'serene cluster'), Huangyan Island (Mandarin Chinese: 黄岩岛; pinyin: Huáng Yán Dǎo; lit. 'yellow rock island'), and Democracy Reef, are two rocks in a shoal located between Luzon and Macclesfield Bank within the Philippine EEZ in the South China Sea. It is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away from the nearest landmass of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines. (en) La secca di Scarborough, chiamata anche Bajo de Masinloc in lingua spagnola, Secca di Panatag (in filippino: Kulumpol ng Panatag), o Huangyan Island (in lingua cinese mandarino 黄岩岛 Huáng Yán Dǎo), sono due scogli di un atollo in una secca situata tra il e Luzon nel Mar Cinese Meridionale. La secca di Scarborough è stata amministrata dalle Filippine (provincia di Zambales) fino al 2012 quando l'area venne occupata da navi militari cinesi inviate a contrastare i pescherecci filippini. (it) Scarboroughrevet, Scarborough Shoal, är ett namn på en ur territoriell synpunkt omstridd atoll i Sydkinesiska havet, som främst Folkrepubliken Kina och Filippinerna gör anspråk på. Andra namn är Panatag eller Panatagreven (tagalog: Kulumpol ng Panatag) och Huangyan Dao (kinesiska: 黃岩島; pinyin: Huangyan dao). Även Taiwan (Republiken Kina) gör anspråk på området. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Escull Scarborough (ca) Scarborough Shoal (cs) Scarborough-Riff (de) Bajo de Masinloc (es) Gosong Scarborough (in) Récif de Scarborough (fr) Secca di Scarborough (it) スカボロー礁 (ja) 스카버러 암초 (ko) Scarborough-rif (nl) Scarborough Shoal (en) Scarboroughrevet (sv) 黄岩岛 (zh) |
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