Papal ban of Freemasonry (original) (raw)
- The Catholic Church first prohibited Catholics from membership in Masonic organizations and other secret societies in 1738. Since then, at least eleven popes have made pronouncements about the incompatibility of Catholic doctrines and Freemasonry. From 1738 until 1983, Catholics who publicly associated with, or publicly supported, Masonic organizations were censured with automatic excommunication. Since 1983, the prohibition on membership exists in a different form. Although there was some confusion about membership following the 1962-1965 Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), the Church continues to prohibit membership in Freemasonry because it believes that Masonic principles and rituals are irreconcilable with Catholic doctrines. The current norm, the 1983 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's (CDF) Declaration on Masonic associations, states that "faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion" and membership in Masonic associations is prohibited. The most recent CDF document about the "incompatibility of Freemasonry with the Catholic faith" was issued in 1985. (en)
- Église catholique et franc-maçonnerie entretiennent depuis la constitution des premières obédiences maçonniques des relations diverses selon les pays et les époques, jalonnées par plusieurs condamnations du Vatican. (fr)
- De vrijmetselarij en de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk staan sinds het ontstaan van de vrijmetselarij op gespannen voet met elkaar. Op het einde van de 19e eeuw en gedurende de eerste driekwart van de 20e eeuw bereikte deze spanning in België, Frankrijk, Spanje, Portugal, Italië en Latijns-Amerika een hoogtepunt. Terwijl de vrijmetselarij steunde op de moderne rechten van de mens en de vrijheden van de burger – zoals verworven na de Engelse (1689), Amerikaanse (1776) en Franse (1789) revolutie – ijverde de kerk voor de restauratie van haar godsdienstige en wereldlijke macht. In Italië kreeg de strijd een bijzondere dimensie door het verzet van de kerk tegen de politieke vereniging van het land. Door de toenemende secularisatie in het laatste kwartaal van de 20e eeuw, stellen vrijmetselaars dat deze spanning in Europa als een grotendeels achterhaald debat mag worden beschouwd. (nl)
- A Igreja Católica não aceita que os seus fieis sejam da maçonaria e historicamente já se opôs radicalmente a esta sociedade secreta, devido aos princípios anticristãos maçônicos, em especial os deístas, libertários e humanistas ou iluministas. Tendo iniciado a sua longa história de condenação pública quando o Cardeal André Hercule de Fleury, primeiro-ministro de Luís XV, a 14 de Setembro de 1737, proibia todas as reuniões secretas e, especialmente, a formação de associações qualquer que fosse o pretexto e qualquer que fosse a denominação. Depois será a vez do Papa Clemente XII, a 28 de Abril de 1738, que proibiu os católicos de se tornarem membros de lojas maçónicas, através da bula In eminenti apostolatus specula. A Igreja Católica assinalava assim a incompatibilidade entre o juramento e o segredo das obediências maçónicas e a condição de cristão integrado na Igreja Católica Romana. Após essa primeira condenação, surgiram mais de vinte outras. Entre elas, que fazem referências desfavoráveis à maçonaria além da referida, enumeram-se as seguintes: Providas Romanorum, de Bento XIV (1751); , de Pio VI (1775); Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo, de Pio VII (1821); , de Leão XII (1825); Traditi Humilitati (1829), (1830), Pio VIII; (1832), Gregório XVI; Qui Pluribus (1846), (1849), (1864), (1865), (1869), Etsi Multa (1873), Etsi Nos (1882), de Pio IX; Humanum Genus (1884), (1887), Dall’Alto Dell’Apostolico Seggio (1890), Inimica Vis (1892), Custodi di quella fede (1892), (1894), Annum ingressi (1902), de Leão XIII. Muitas, conforme é possível perceber, foram escritas por este último papa Leão que foi um dos mais ferrenhos opositores dessa sociedade secreta e sua última condenação data de 1902, na referida encíclica Annum Ingressi, endereçada a todos os bispos do mundo em que alarmava da necessidade urgente de combater a maçonaria, opondo-se radicalmente a ela. O último documento oficial de referência é a Declaração sobre a maçonaria, assinado pelo então prefeito da Congregação para a Doutrina da Fé, cardeal Joseph Ratzinger, depois Papa Bento XVI, em 26 de Novembro de 1983. O texto afirma que permanece imutável o parecer negativo da Igreja a respeito das associações maçónicas, pois os seus princípios foram sempre considerados inconciliáveis com a doutrina da Igreja e por isso permanece proibida a inscrição nelas. Os fiéis que pertencem às associações maçónicas estão em estado de pecado grave e não podem aproximar-se da Sagrada Comunhão. Em 2007, o Vaticano através do regente do Tribunal da Penitenciária Apostólica, o Bispo Gianfranco Girotti, numa declaração após uma conferência intitulada «A Maçonaria e a Igreja Católica», que teve lugar na , lembrou que "a Igreja sempre criticou as concepções e a filosofia da maçonaria, considerando-as incompatíveis com a fé católica". Fez referência às declarações de alguns sacerdotes que publicamente se declaram membros da maçonaria, nomeadamente um padre de 85 anos de idade, , e pediu a intervenção dos seus directos superiores, sem excluir que a Santa Sé possa vir a tomar medidas de carácter canónico. Apesar disso, há acusações sobre Paulo VI e alguns cardeais da Igreja relacionarem-se a determinadas lojas maçónicas. Entretanto, todas elas carecem de provas. A condenação da Igreja é forte e não muda ainda que membros do clero tenham de alguma forma se associado a sociedade secreta. Até 1983, a pena para Católicos que se associassem a essa sociedade era de excomunhão. Desde então, a pena é um interdito, afastando o fiel da recepção dos Sacramentos (principalmente Confissão e Eucaristia). (pt)
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- Église catholique et franc-maçonnerie entretiennent depuis la constitution des premières obédiences maçonniques des relations diverses selon les pays et les époques, jalonnées par plusieurs condamnations du Vatican. (fr)
- The Catholic Church first prohibited Catholics from membership in Masonic organizations and other secret societies in 1738. Since then, at least eleven popes have made pronouncements about the incompatibility of Catholic doctrines and Freemasonry. From 1738 until 1983, Catholics who publicly associated with, or publicly supported, Masonic organizations were censured with automatic excommunication. Since 1983, the prohibition on membership exists in a different form. Although there was some confusion about membership following the 1962-1965 Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), the Church continues to prohibit membership in Freemasonry because it believes that Masonic principles and rituals are irreconcilable with Catholic doctrines. The current norm, the 1983 Congregation for the Doctrine o (en)
- De vrijmetselarij en de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk staan sinds het ontstaan van de vrijmetselarij op gespannen voet met elkaar. Op het einde van de 19e eeuw en gedurende de eerste driekwart van de 20e eeuw bereikte deze spanning in België, Frankrijk, Spanje, Portugal, Italië en Latijns-Amerika een hoogtepunt. Terwijl de vrijmetselarij steunde op de moderne rechten van de mens en de vrijheden van de burger – zoals verworven na de Engelse (1689), Amerikaanse (1776) en Franse (1789) revolutie – ijverde de kerk voor de restauratie van haar godsdienstige en wereldlijke macht. In Italië kreeg de strijd een bijzondere dimensie door het verzet van de kerk tegen de politieke vereniging van het land. (nl)
- A Igreja Católica não aceita que os seus fieis sejam da maçonaria e historicamente já se opôs radicalmente a esta sociedade secreta, devido aos princípios anticristãos maçônicos, em especial os deístas, libertários e humanistas ou iluministas. Tendo iniciado a sua longa história de condenação pública quando o Cardeal André Hercule de Fleury, primeiro-ministro de Luís XV, a 14 de Setembro de 1737, proibia todas as reuniões secretas e, especialmente, a formação de associações qualquer que fosse o pretexto e qualquer que fosse a denominação. (pt)
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