| dbo:abstract |
The Principality of Ushrusana (also spelled Usrushana, Osrushana or Ustrushana) was a local dynasty ruling the Ushrusana region, in the northern area of modern Tajikistan, from an unknown date to 892 CE. Ushrusana, just like Ferghana, did not belong to Sogdia proper, but its inhabitants wrote in Sogdian, and may have spoken the Sogdian language as well. The rulers of the principality were known by their title of Afshin. (en) Уструшана (перс. اسروشنه) или Усрушана — страна в Средней Азии, существовавшая в раннем Средневековье с центром в Бунджикате (территории современного северо-западного Таджикистана). (ru) 曹國，粟特九姓胡所建的国家。故地位于今塔吉克斯坦北部的列宁纳巴德西南乌腊提尤别及其以西一带Istaravshan，都城建在忸密水之南。 本汉康居属地。南北朝时立国。隋唐时曹国为中亚昭武九姓国之一。隋炀帝时，曾遣使朝贡。其王为康国王族的分支，故而附属于康国。康国王令子乌建统领。 自六世纪后期即为西突厥汗国所统治，唐朝时分东、中、西曹。东曹亦作苏对沙那，又作率都沙那、苏都识匿、乌什鲁沙纳，地在飒秣建与俱战提之间，治汉时贰师城（今塔吉克斯坦杜尚别北乌腊提尤别）；中曹又译作呵跋檀、伽不单、劫布呾那等，在西曹东，康国北，治迦底真城；西曹即隋时曹国，治瑟底痕城（今乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕的西北伊什特汉）。地在飒秣建西北，瑟底痕城东有越于底志。都城方三里，兵千余人。居民好音乐歌舞，善商贾。俗信祆教，民以农为主，兼营畜牧。城内有得悉神祠，内设金质祭器，上有“汉天子所赐”题款。 曹国地处费尔干纳盆地至阿姆河下游之间的交通要道上，故与东方的联系密切。隋朝时开始频遣使贡方物。唐高祖武德年间，东曹与康国同遣使入朝。历史上著名的康王乌勒伽即出自西曹。唐朝在东曹国设立。天宝元年（742年），唐玄宗册封其王哥逻仆罗为怀德王。大食军进驻飒秣建城，天宝十一载（752年），东曹王设阿忽与安国同上表，请击黑衣大食。 东曹国在阿拉伯记载中被称为烏什魯薩那（Ushrusana，也拼寫為 Usrushana 和 Osrushana），其祖先為粟特人，統治期間的起始年代不詳，到公元892年為止。其君主以其的頭銜而為後世所知。 (zh) |
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https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=OycjAQAAIAAJ https://archive.org/details/ahistoryeastern00burygoog https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=883OZBe2sMYC |
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H.A.R. Gibb (en) J.H. Kramers (en) W. Barthold (en) |
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Ushrusana (en) |
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Principality of Ushrusana (en) |
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Samanid conquest (en) |
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W. (en) H.A.R. (en) J.H. (en) |
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Gibb (en) Kramers (en) Barthold (en) |
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Western Turkic Khaganate (en) Hephthalite Empire (en) |
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Samanid Empire (en) |
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Coin in the name of Rakhanch, lord of Ushrusana. Tamgha symbol on the reverse with name of the ruler in Sogdian rγʾnč MRAY "Raxānič Afšīn". Excavated in the Palace of Kala-i Kakhkakha I, Bunjikat. 7th century CE, National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan . (en) |
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Afshin (en) Usrushana (en) |
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circa 600 (en) |
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The Principality of Ushrusana (also spelled Usrushana, Osrushana or Ustrushana) was a local dynasty ruling the Ushrusana region, in the northern area of modern Tajikistan, from an unknown date to 892 CE. Ushrusana, just like Ferghana, did not belong to Sogdia proper, but its inhabitants wrote in Sogdian, and may have spoken the Sogdian language as well. The rulers of the principality were known by their title of Afshin. (en) Уструшана (перс. اسروشنه) или Усрушана — страна в Средней Азии, существовавшая в раннем Средневековье с центром в Бунджикате (территории современного северо-западного Таджикистана). (ru) 曹國，粟特九姓胡所建的国家。故地位于今塔吉克斯坦北部的列宁纳巴德西南乌腊提尤别及其以西一带Istaravshan，都城建在忸密水之南。 本汉康居属地。南北朝时立国。隋唐时曹国为中亚昭武九姓国之一。隋炀帝时，曾遣使朝贡。其王为康国王族的分支，故而附属于康国。康国王令子乌建统领。 自六世纪后期即为西突厥汗国所统治，唐朝时分东、中、西曹。东曹亦作苏对沙那，又作率都沙那、苏都识匿、乌什鲁沙纳，地在飒秣建与俱战提之间，治汉时贰师城（今塔吉克斯坦杜尚别北乌腊提尤别）；中曹又译作呵跋檀、伽不单、劫布呾那等，在西曹东，康国北，治迦底真城；西曹即隋时曹国，治瑟底痕城（今乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕的西北伊什特汉）。地在飒秣建西北，瑟底痕城东有越于底志。都城方三里，兵千余人。居民好音乐歌舞，善商贾。俗信祆教，民以农为主，兼营畜牧。城内有得悉神祠，内设金质祭器，上有“汉天子所赐”题款。 曹国地处费尔干纳盆地至阿姆河下游之间的交通要道上，故与东方的联系密切。隋朝时开始频遣使贡方物。唐高祖武德年间，东曹与康国同遣使入朝。历史上著名的康王乌勒伽即出自西曹。唐朝在东曹国设立。天宝元年（742年），唐玄宗册封其王哥逻仆罗为怀德王。大食军进驻飒秣建城，天宝十一载（752年），东曹王设阿忽与安国同上表，请击黑衣大食。 (zh) |
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Principality of Ushrusana (en) Уструшана (ru) 曹國 (昭武九姓) (zh) |
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