| dbo:abstract |
Une pulperie est une usine de fabrication de pâte à papier à partir de bois. Le terme s'applique principalement aux usines construites au début du XXe siècle au Québec dont la principale caractéristique est d'être installé sur un cours d'eau. * Pulperie de Chicoutimi * Pulperie de Jonquière * * Pulperie de Val-Jalbert * Portail de la production industrielle * Portail du bois et de la forêt * Portail de l’histoire * Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme * Portail du Québec * Portail du Canada (fr) A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods (kraft and sulfite processes). The finished product may be either bleached or non-bleached, depending on the customer requirements. Wood and other plant materials used to make pulp contain three main components (apart from water): cellulose fibres (desired for papermaking), lignin (a three-dimensional polymer that binds the cellulose fibres together) and hemicelluloses, (shorter branched carbohydrate polymers). The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules that can be washed away from the cellulose fibers without depolymerizing the cellulose fibers (chemically depolymerizing the cellulose weakens the fibers). The various mechanical pulping methods, such as groundwood (GW) and refiner mechanical (RMP) pulping, physically tear the cellulose fibers one from another. Much of the lignin remains adhering to the fibers. Strength is impaired because the fibers may be cut. Related hybrid pulping methods use a combination of chemical and thermal treatment to begin an abbreviated chemical pulping process, followed immediately by a mechanical treatment to separate the fibers. These hybrid methods include thermomechanical pulping (TMP) and Chemi-thermomechanical pulping (CTMP). The chemical and thermal treatments reduce the amount of energy subsequently required by the mechanical treatment, and also reduce the amount of strength loss suffered by the fibers. The earliest known methods for preparing pulp for paper making were water-powered, in 8th-century Samarkand, Abbasid Caliphate. (en) 制浆厂，是能将木材脆片变为厚的纤维板的制造设施，纤维板可以被运到造纸厂进行进一步的製程。木浆可以使用机械的、半化学的或全化学的方法，如硫酸盐制浆法制造。根据客户的需求，成品可以是漂白的或非漂白的。 (zh) |
