Pyramid of Sahure (original) (raw)
Die Sahure-Pyramide ist die erste Pyramide, die in der Nekropole von Abusir errichtet wurde. Ihr Erbauer Sahure war der zweite König (Pharao) der altägyptischen 5. Dynastie und regierte von 2490 bis 2475 v. Chr. Mit dieser Pyramide bildete sich ein Standardtyp der Pyramidenbauten aus, der bis zum Ende der 6. Dynastie nur noch geringfügig verändert wurde. Besondere Bedeutung besitzt der Sahure-Komplex durch die zahlreichen erhaltenen Reliefs, mit denen Tal- und Totentempel sowie die Wände des Aufwegs verziert waren. Eindrucksvoll war auch die Vielzahl der verwendeten Baumaterialien des Tempelbereichs: Alabaster- und Basaltfußböden, Postamente aus Rosengranit und feiner Kalkstein wurden verbaut.
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| dbo:abstract | هرم ساحورع هو أول هرم يُبنى في مجمع مقابر أبو صير في مصر. شُيد الهرم لساحورع، الفرعون الثاني من الأسرة الخامسة حوالي 2480 ق.م. هرم ساحورع هو جزء من مُجمع جنائزي كبير يضُمّ معبد على ضِفّة بحيرة أبو صير، وممر من هذا المعبد إلى معبد آخر مرتفع يقع في مقابل الهرم الرئيسي وهرم مصلى روحي لروح الكا الخاصة بالملك. عُرفَ المجمع في المصرية القديمة بـ «شروق روح البا لساحورع» Ḫˁj-b3 S3ḥ.w Rˁ. نُقِبَ عن المُجمع الهرمي لساحورع بشكل مُوسع في بدايات القرن العشرين على يد لودفيج بورشاردت ويُدرَج الآن على أنه علامة بارزة في ، تُصطلح طبقات الهرم بالدرجات والتي بقست أساسية ولم تُغير في تصاميم الأهرامات حتى نهاية عهد الأسرة السادسة (بعد 300 عام). زُرْكَشٌ الوادي والمعابد المرتفعة وممر المُجمع بأكثر من 10,000 متر مربع بالنقوش البارزة التي جعلت من المجمع شهيرًا إبان العصور القديمة. يبرز المعبد المرتفع أيضًا استخدام مجموعة متنوعة من مواد البناء في بنائه، فالطوابق والأرضيات كانت من المرمر والبازلت والجدران من الحجر الجيري الجيد والجرانيت الأحمر. (ar) Die Sahure-Pyramide ist die erste Pyramide, die in der Nekropole von Abusir errichtet wurde. Ihr Erbauer Sahure war der zweite König (Pharao) der altägyptischen 5. Dynastie und regierte von 2490 bis 2475 v. Chr. Mit dieser Pyramide bildete sich ein Standardtyp der Pyramidenbauten aus, der bis zum Ende der 6. Dynastie nur noch geringfügig verändert wurde. Besondere Bedeutung besitzt der Sahure-Komplex durch die zahlreichen erhaltenen Reliefs, mit denen Tal- und Totentempel sowie die Wände des Aufwegs verziert waren. Eindrucksvoll war auch die Vielzahl der verwendeten Baumaterialien des Tempelbereichs: Alabaster- und Basaltfußböden, Postamente aus Rosengranit und feiner Kalkstein wurden verbaut. (de) La Pirámide de Sahura es una pirámide del Antiguo Egipto ubicada en Abusir, Egipto. Fue la primera pirámide construida en la zona de Abusir, al norte de Sakkara, durante la quinta dinastía por el faraón Sahura. En egipcio antiguo, la pirámide se conocía como "El espíritu de Sahura brilla" y era célebre por su construcción artística. (es) The pyramid of Sahure (Ancient Egyptian: Ḫꜥỉ-bꜣ Sꜣḥw-Rꜥ, lit. 'Rising of the ba of Sahure') is a pyramid complex built in the late 26th to 25th century BC for the Egyptian pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty. It introduced a period of pyramid building by Sahure's successors in Abusir, on a location earlier used by Userkaf for his sun temple. The site was first thoroughly excavated by Ludwig Borchardt between March 1907 and 1908, who wrote the standard work Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Sahu-Re (English: The Funerary Monument of King Sahure) between 1910 and 1913. The pyramid complex's layout was adopted by succeeding kings of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties, marking a milestone in pyramid complex construction. Compared to the preceding Fourth Dynasty, the immensity of the constructions was dramatically reduced but, in tandem, the decorative programme proliferated and temples were augmented by enlarged storeroom complexes. The complex is estimated to have had 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft) of finely carved relief adorning its walls, of which 150 m2 (1,600 sq ft) has been preserved. Some of these reliefs are considered unparalleled in Egyptian art, such as the 8 m (26 ft) by 3 m (9.8 ft) (4.2 × 1.6 royal cubits) hunting scene from the mortuary temple. For comparison, Sahure's temple contained 370 running metres (1,214 running feet) of such relief decoration, while the temple of Khufu's Great Pyramid contained 100 running metres (328 running feet). The complex is also remarkable for the array of valuable materials – such as granite, alabaster and basalt – used extensively in its construction. The main pyramid was built from roughly hewn limestone blocks bound with mud mortar and encased with fine white Tura limestone. It had a base of about 78.5 m (258 ft; 149.8 cu) to 78.75 m (258.4 ft; 150.29 cu) long converging at either 50°11′40″ or 50°30′ towards the apex between 47 m (154 ft; 90 cu) and 48 m (157 ft; 92 cu) high. The architects made an error in demarcating the pyramid base, extending it too far east. The pyramid's internal chambers were devastated by stone thieves, rendering an accurate reconstruction impossible. Stone fragments believed to belong to the king's basalt sarcophagus are the only remains of the burial that have been found. The mortuary temple adjacent to the pyramid's east face comprises an entrance hall, an open courtyard, a five-niche statue chapel, an offering hall, and storerooms. These elements had appeared in mortuary temples since the reign of Khafre. South of the temple is the enclosure with the cult pyramid, employing the same construction method used in the main pyramid but on a reduced scale, with a base length of 15.7 m (52 ft; 30.0 cu) converging at 56° to a peak 11.6 m (38 ft; 22.1 cu) high. The complex's two temples are linked by a 235 m (771 ft; 448 cu) long intricately decorated and well-illuminated causeway. The valley temple is situated on Abusir lake and is unusual for having two entrances: the main on its east side, and a secondary one on its south. It remains unclear why a second entry point was built, though it may have been connected to a pyramid town to its south. Sahure's mortuary temple became the object of a cult of Sekhmet around the Eighteenth Dynasty. The cult was active through to the Ptolemaic Kingdom, though its influence began to wane following the reign of Ramesses II. This period heralded the first wave of destruction on the Abusir monuments, whilst Sahure's escaped the dismantlement, possibly as a result of the cult's presence. The monuments stirred interest again in the Twenty-Fifth to Twenty-Sixth Dynasties, which is shown by the copying of reliefs from the mortuary temples of Sahure, Nyuserre and Pepi II by the pharaoh Taharqa for the temple of Kawa in Nubia. A second wave of destruction of the Abusir monuments took place in the Twenty-Seventh Dynasty, but Sahure's temple was spared again, the cult still being present. With the onset of the Roman period, the Abusir monuments, including Sahure's, were subjected to a third wave of destruction. At the beginning of the Christian era, Sahure's temple became the site of a Coptic shrine, as evidenced by the recovery of pottery and graffiti dating to between the 4th and 7th century AD. Thereafter, until the late 19th century, the monuments were periodically quarried for limestone. (en) La pyramide de Sahourê qui est de type à faces lisses est la première pyramide qui a été construite sur le site d'Abousir au nord de Saqqarah. Son nom antique était « l'âme de Sahourê apparaît dans la clarté ». Sahourê (Ve dynastie) choisit ainsi de bâtir son complexe funéraire là où son prédécesseur Ouserkaf fit édifier un temple solaire, déplaçant ainsi le centre de gravité du royaume dans cette partie septentrionale de la capitale de Memphis, la transformant en nécropole dynastique. Malgré son état ruiné, le complexe de Sahourê est parfaitement lisible sur le terrain et présente ainsi un ensemble complet des différentes structures qui constituaient les fondations funéraires royales de l'Ancien Empire. (fr) La piramide di Sahura, o di Nebkhau, del tipo a facce lisce, è la prima piramide egizia ad essere stata costruita sul sito di Abusir, nel nord di Saqqara. L'antico nome del monumento funebre era «l'anima di Sahura appare nella luminosità». Sahura, secondo faraone della V dinastia che regnò dal 2490 al 2475 a.C., scelse di costruire il suo complesso tombale dove il suo predecessore, Userkaf, aveva costruito un tempio solare, spostando così il centro di gravità del regno nella parte settentrionale della città di Menfi, trasformandolo in una dinastica. Nonostante il pessimo stato di conservazione, il complesso monumentale è perfettamente leggibile dai resti nel terreno e presenta una serie completa di strutture diverse tipiche delle fondamenta funerarie reali dell'Antico Regno. Questa piramide presenta una struttura tipica, che fino alla fine della VI dinastia è stato modificata solo marginalmente. Di particolare importanza sono i numerosi rilievi conservati, con cui erano decorati il tempio a valle, il tempio funerario e le pareti della rampa processionale. Impressionante è la varietà di materiali da costruzione del tempio: sono stati utilizzati alabastro, basalto per i pavimenti, granito rosso per i piedistalli e pietra calcarea fine di Tura. (it) Pirâmide de Sefrés ou Sauré (em egípcio: Sahuré) foi a primeira pirâmide construída na necrópole de Abusir, no Egito. A pirâmide foi construída para o enterro de Sefrés, segundo faraó da quinta dinastia c. 2 480 a.C.. A pirâmide de Sefrés é parte de um complexo mortuário maior que compreende um templo nas margens do lago Abusir, uma ponte a partir deste templo localizado contra a pirâmide principal e uma pirâmide de culto para o Cá do rei. O complexo era conhecido na antiga egípcia como Ḫˁj-b3 S3ḥ.w Rˁ, "A Ascensão do Espírito Ba de Sefrés". O complexo de pirâmides de Sefrés foi amplamente escavado no início do século XX por Ludwig Borchardt e agora é reconhecido como um marco na arquitetura do Egito Antigo, um padrão que permaneceria inalterado até o final da sexta dinastia, 300 anos mais tarde. O vale e os templos, bem como a calçada do complexo, foram ricamente decorados com mais de 10 mil metros quadrados de relevos finos. O templo também é notável pela variedade de materiais de construção utilizados, como alabastro, basalto, calcário fino e granito vermelho. (pt) Piramida Sahure – piramida władcy starożytnego Egiptu z V dynastii, Sahurego, położona na nekropoli w Abusir. (pl) De Piramide van Sahoere is de eerste piramide die werd gebouwd in Aboesir in opdracht van farao Sahoere. De hoogte was ooit 48, maar nu slechts nog 36 meter. De zijden hebben een lengte van 78,5 m. De piramide is in het oude Egypte bekend onder de naam: De ba van Sahoere is verschenen. (nl) Pyramid of Sahure är en pyramid i Egypten. Den ligger i guvernementet Giza, i den norra delen av landet, 19 km söder om huvudstaden Kairo. Pyramid of Sahure ligger 34 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Pyramid of Sahure är platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är 85 meter över havet, 1,0 km sydväst om Pyramid of Sahure. Runt Pyramid of Sahure är det mycket tätbefolkat, med 9 644 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Kairo, 18,7 km norr om Pyramid of Sahure. Trakten runt Pyramid of Sahure består till största delen av jordbruksmark. I trakten råder ett hett ökenklimat. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är 25 °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är 34 °C, och den kallaste är januari, med 14 °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är 41 millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är januari, med i genomsnitt 14 mm nederbörd, och den torraste är april, med 1 mm nederbörd. (sv) Пирамида Сахура относится к типу гладких пирамид, находится в Абусире к северу от Саккары. В древности носила название «душа Сахура, являющаяся в свете». Фараон Сахура (V династия) выбрал для возведения своего погребального комплекса то же место, где его предшественник (Усеркаф) возвел свой солнечный храм. Тем самым Сахура основал новый царский некрополь в северной столице — близ Мемфиса в Абусире. Комплекс Сахуры подвергся сильному разрушению строительных пород и в настоящее время весь ансамбль комплекса выглядит уже совсем не так, как во времена Древнего Египта. (ru) Піраміда Сахура належить до типу гладких пірамід, розташована в Абусірі на північ від Саккари. У давнину мала назву «душа Сахури, що являється у світлі». (uk) 薩胡拉金字塔（阿拉伯语：هرم ساحورع，英語：Pyramid of Sahure）是一座於公元前26至25世纪晚期由埃及法老王薩胡拉建造的的金字塔。 是繼前任法老王烏瑟卡夫在建立的太阳神庙後的在阿布西爾 建造的首座金字塔,後來內弗爾卡拉，蘭尼弗雷夫和紐塞拉也先後在附近建造了纪念碑。 1907年3月至1908年间,路德维希·博查爾哈特进行了适当的开挖，並在1910年至1913年间撰写了他對有关 Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Sahu-Re 主题的精準研究。 (zh) |
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| dbp:align | left (en) right (en) |
| dbp:alt | Photograph of the eroded remains of a pyramid with the remaining complex laid out before it (en) Building floorplan (en) Photograph of a chamber ceiling (en) Photograph of the causeway relief (en) Photograph of the roadway to the temple (en) Photograph of the substructure entry (en) Photograph of the valley temple (en) |
| dbp:base | ~ to (en) |
| dbp:caption | Captured enemies being marched to the temple (en) Causeway leading to the mortuary temple (en) Entryway into the pyramid substructure (en) Layout of the valley temple (en) Limestone gable of the chamber ceiling (en) Ruined side entrance (en) |
| dbp:date | dbr:Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt |
| dbp:height | ~ to (en) |
| dbp:image | Borchardt-Sahure .png (en) A procession of Libyan, Nubian, and West Asiatic prisoners before Pharaoh Sahure. From the Pyramid Complex of Sahure at Abusir, Egypt. 2496-2483 BCE. Neues Museum.jpg (en) Sahoure3.JPG (en) Sahure Pyramid Valley Temple.png (en) |
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| dbp:name | Pyramid of Sahure (en) |
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| dbp:slope | ~ 50°11′40″ or 50°30′ (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Sahure-Pyramide ist die erste Pyramide, die in der Nekropole von Abusir errichtet wurde. Ihr Erbauer Sahure war der zweite König (Pharao) der altägyptischen 5. Dynastie und regierte von 2490 bis 2475 v. Chr. Mit dieser Pyramide bildete sich ein Standardtyp der Pyramidenbauten aus, der bis zum Ende der 6. Dynastie nur noch geringfügig verändert wurde. Besondere Bedeutung besitzt der Sahure-Komplex durch die zahlreichen erhaltenen Reliefs, mit denen Tal- und Totentempel sowie die Wände des Aufwegs verziert waren. Eindrucksvoll war auch die Vielzahl der verwendeten Baumaterialien des Tempelbereichs: Alabaster- und Basaltfußböden, Postamente aus Rosengranit und feiner Kalkstein wurden verbaut. (de) La Pirámide de Sahura es una pirámide del Antiguo Egipto ubicada en Abusir, Egipto. Fue la primera pirámide construida en la zona de Abusir, al norte de Sakkara, durante la quinta dinastía por el faraón Sahura. En egipcio antiguo, la pirámide se conocía como "El espíritu de Sahura brilla" y era célebre por su construcción artística. (es) Piramida Sahure – piramida władcy starożytnego Egiptu z V dynastii, Sahurego, położona na nekropoli w Abusir. (pl) De Piramide van Sahoere is de eerste piramide die werd gebouwd in Aboesir in opdracht van farao Sahoere. De hoogte was ooit 48, maar nu slechts nog 36 meter. De zijden hebben een lengte van 78,5 m. De piramide is in het oude Egypte bekend onder de naam: De ba van Sahoere is verschenen. (nl) Пирамида Сахура относится к типу гладких пирамид, находится в Абусире к северу от Саккары. В древности носила название «душа Сахура, являющаяся в свете». Фараон Сахура (V династия) выбрал для возведения своего погребального комплекса то же место, где его предшественник (Усеркаф) возвел свой солнечный храм. Тем самым Сахура основал новый царский некрополь в северной столице — близ Мемфиса в Абусире. Комплекс Сахуры подвергся сильному разрушению строительных пород и в настоящее время весь ансамбль комплекса выглядит уже совсем не так, как во времена Древнего Египта. (ru) Піраміда Сахура належить до типу гладких пірамід, розташована в Абусірі на північ від Саккари. У давнину мала назву «душа Сахури, що являється у світлі». (uk) 薩胡拉金字塔（阿拉伯语：هرم ساحورع，英語：Pyramid of Sahure）是一座於公元前26至25世纪晚期由埃及法老王薩胡拉建造的的金字塔。 是繼前任法老王烏瑟卡夫在建立的太阳神庙後的在阿布西爾 建造的首座金字塔,後來內弗爾卡拉，蘭尼弗雷夫和紐塞拉也先後在附近建造了纪念碑。 1907年3月至1908年间,路德维希·博查爾哈特进行了适当的开挖，並在1910年至1913年间撰写了他對有关 Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Sahu-Re 主题的精準研究。 (zh) هرم ساحورع هو أول هرم يُبنى في مجمع مقابر أبو صير في مصر. شُيد الهرم لساحورع، الفرعون الثاني من الأسرة الخامسة حوالي 2480 ق.م. هرم ساحورع هو جزء من مُجمع جنائزي كبير يضُمّ معبد على ضِفّة بحيرة أبو صير، وممر من هذا المعبد إلى معبد آخر مرتفع يقع في مقابل الهرم الرئيسي وهرم مصلى روحي لروح الكا الخاصة بالملك. عُرفَ المجمع في المصرية القديمة بـ «شروق روح البا لساحورع» Ḫˁj-b3 S3ḥ.w Rˁ. (ar) La pyramide de Sahourê qui est de type à faces lisses est la première pyramide qui a été construite sur le site d'Abousir au nord de Saqqarah. Son nom antique était « l'âme de Sahourê apparaît dans la clarté ». Sahourê (Ve dynastie) choisit ainsi de bâtir son complexe funéraire là où son prédécesseur Ouserkaf fit édifier un temple solaire, déplaçant ainsi le centre de gravité du royaume dans cette partie septentrionale de la capitale de Memphis, la transformant en nécropole dynastique. (fr) The pyramid of Sahure (Ancient Egyptian: Ḫꜥỉ-bꜣ Sꜣḥw-Rꜥ, lit. 'Rising of the ba of Sahure') is a pyramid complex built in the late 26th to 25th century BC for the Egyptian pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty. It introduced a period of pyramid building by Sahure's successors in Abusir, on a location earlier used by Userkaf for his sun temple. The site was first thoroughly excavated by Ludwig Borchardt between March 1907 and 1908, who wrote the standard work Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Sahu-Re (English: The Funerary Monument of King Sahure) between 1910 and 1913. (en) La piramide di Sahura, o di Nebkhau, del tipo a facce lisce, è la prima piramide egizia ad essere stata costruita sul sito di Abusir, nel nord di Saqqara. L'antico nome del monumento funebre era «l'anima di Sahura appare nella luminosità». Sahura, secondo faraone della V dinastia che regnò dal 2490 al 2475 a.C., scelse di costruire il suo complesso tombale dove il suo predecessore, Userkaf, aveva costruito un tempio solare, spostando così il centro di gravità del regno nella parte settentrionale della città di Menfi, trasformandolo in una dinastica. (it) Pirâmide de Sefrés ou Sauré (em egípcio: Sahuré) foi a primeira pirâmide construída na necrópole de Abusir, no Egito. A pirâmide foi construída para o enterro de Sefrés, segundo faraó da quinta dinastia c. 2 480 a.C.. A pirâmide de Sefrés é parte de um complexo mortuário maior que compreende um templo nas margens do lago Abusir, uma ponte a partir deste templo localizado contra a pirâmide principal e uma pirâmide de culto para o Cá do rei. O complexo era conhecido na antiga egípcia como Ḫˁj-b3 S3ḥ.w Rˁ, "A Ascensão do Espírito Ba de Sefrés". (pt) Pyramid of Sahure är en pyramid i Egypten. Den ligger i guvernementet Giza, i den norra delen av landet, 19 km söder om huvudstaden Kairo. Pyramid of Sahure ligger 34 meter över havet. Terrängen runt Pyramid of Sahure är platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är 85 meter över havet, 1,0 km sydväst om Pyramid of Sahure. Runt Pyramid of Sahure är det mycket tätbefolkat, med 9 644 invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Kairo, 18,7 km norr om Pyramid of Sahure. Trakten runt Pyramid of Sahure består till största delen av jordbruksmark. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | هرم ساحورع (ar) Sahure-Pyramide (de) Pirámide de Sahura (es) Piramide di Sahura (it) Pyramide de Sahourê (fr) Piramide van Sahoere (nl) Pyramid of Sahure (en) Piramida Sahure (pl) Pirâmide de Sefrés (pt) Пирамида Сахура (ru) Pyramid of Sahure (sv) 薩胡拉金字塔 (zh) Піраміда Сахури (uk) |
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