Richard Price (original) (raw)
ريتشارد برايس (بالإنجليزية: Richard Price) (و. 1723 – 1791 م) هو فيلسوف، وخبير إكتواري، وعالم عقيدة، من مملكة بريطانيا العظمى، كان عضوًا في الجمعية الملكية، والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم، توفي في لندن، عن عمر يناهز 68 عاماً.
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| dbo:abstract | Richard Price va ser un filòsof britànic moral i predicador, i un panfletista polític, actiu en la causa radical, republicà i liberal, com la Revolució Americana. Va fomentar les connexions entre un gran nombre de persones, incloent a autors de la Constitució dels Estats Units. Va passar la major part de la seva vida adulta com a ministre de l'Església Unitària. Va tenir una gran influència sobre la feminista Mary Wollstonecraft, estenent les idees sobre la igualtat inherent en l'esperit de la Revolució Francesa per abastar els drets de les dones també. A més del seu treball com un filòsof moral i polític, també va escriure sobre temes d'estadístiques i finances, en col·laboració amb William Morgan i sota la influència de James Dodson, i va ser escollit fellow la Royal Society per aquestes contribucions. (ca) ريتشارد برايس (بالإنجليزية: Richard Price) (و. 1723 – 1791 م) هو فيلسوف، وخبير إكتواري، وعالم عقيدة، من مملكة بريطانيا العظمى، كان عضوًا في الجمعية الملكية، والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم، توفي في لندن، عن عمر يناهز 68 عاماً. (ar) Richard Price (Llangeinor -Gales-, 23 de febrero de 1723 - , 19 de abril de 1791) fue un clérigo y escritor británico. Defendió las causas de la Revolución de las Trece Colonias y de la Revolución francesa. Fue miembro de la de Londres; y del grupo de intelectuales liberales denominado Bowood circle. Se trasladó a Londres con 16 años, a la muerte de su padre, encargándose su tío de su educación. Como su amigo Thomas Bayes, pertenecía a una familia de dissenters o "no conformistas"; y junto con él frecuentaba la academia "no-conformista" de Tenter Alley en Moorfields donde siguió las enseñanzas de . A la muerte de Thomas Bayes (abril de 1761) Richard Price recibió por su herencia la suma de cien libras y un conjunto de artículos sin terminar y en los que probablemente trabajó el mismo. Fue Price quien decidió, dos años más tarde, enviar An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chance a la Royal Society, que lo publicó en sus Philosophical Transactions. El texto se considera uno de los fundadores de la ciencia de la probabilidad, exponiéndose en él el teorema de Bayes (el hecho de que este lleve el nombre de Bayes y no el de Price es uno de los casos en que se cumple la "ley de Stigler" -según la cual ningún descubrimiento recibe el nombre de su descubridor-). En diciembre de 1765 Price fue nombrado miembro de la Royal Society; y en 1781 recibió el diploma honorífico de la Universidad Yale. Fue enterrado en el cementerio "no-conformista" de (en el barrio londinense de Islington), junto a la tumba de Bayes. (es) Richard Price (* 23. Februar 1723 in , Glamorgan, Wales; † 19. April 1791 in London, England) war ein walisischer ethischer Philosoph, Prediger der englischen Dissenter sowie ein aktiver Flugblattschreiber in der Amerikanischen Revolution. Er pflegte Kontakte mit Schreibern der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten. Die meiste Zeit seines Lebens verbrachte er als Pfarrer in der , wo er möglicherweise die Person, die er am meisten beeinflusst hat, kennenlernte: Mary Wollstonecraft, die seine Ideen im Egalitarismus im Kampf für Frauenrechte in der Französischen Revolution nutzte. Zusätzlich zu seiner Arbeit als politischer Philosoph war er auch in der Royal Society aktiv. (de) Richard Price (23 février 1723, Glamorgan – 19 avril 1791, Newington Green) est un pasteur, pamphlétaire, moraliste, philosophe, mathématicien et économiste gallois. Richard Price est également un ardent défenseur de la cause américaine puis de la Révolution française en Angleterre où il participe à la London Revolution Society. En 1763, deux ans après la mort de son ami le révérend Thomas Bayes, l’un des pères fondateurs de la probabilité, il fait publier une lettre intitulée « An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances » dans les Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. (fr) Richard Price FRS (23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791) was a British moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician. He was also a political reformer, pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the French and American Revolutions. He was well-connected and fostered communication between many people, including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, Mirabeau and the Marquis de Condorcet. According to the historian John Davies, Price was "the greatest Welsh thinker of all time". Born in Llangeinor, near Bridgend, Wales, Price spent most of his adult life as minister of Newington Green Unitarian Church, on the then outskirts of London, England. He edited, published and developed the Bayes–Price theorem and the field of actuarial science. He also wrote on issues of demography and finance, and was a Fellow of the Royal Society. (en) Richard Price (23 Februari 1723 – 19 April 1791) adalah seorang dan pengkhotbah nonkomformis dari Wales. Ia juga merupakan penulis pamflet politik yang aktif dalam pergerakan radikal, republikan, dan liberal seperti Revolusi Amerika. Ia berhubungan baik dengan para pendiri Amerika Serikat. Price menghabiskan kehidupan dewasanya sebagai seorang pendeta di . Ia juga menulis dalam bidang demografi dan keuangan, dan merupakan anggota dari Fellow of the Royal Society. (in) 리처드 프라이스(Richard Price, 1723년 2월 23일 ~ 1791년 4월 19일)는 영국의 도덕철학자이자 정치철학자이다. (ko) Richard Price (1723 – 1791) è stato un filosofo britannico. Nato in Galles, fin da giovane si appassiona alla matematica, per poi ampliare le proprie competenze alla filosofia e alla politica. Appartenente a una famiglia di calvinisti praticanti, nel 1758 diventa pastore, pur dedicandosi allo studio delle scienze, e poi Ministro della Chiesa dei Razionali Dissidenti (un ramo minoritario dei Dissenzienti inglesi). Viene ammesso alla Royal Society su indicazione di Benjamin Franklin e diventa attuario nel 1765 per la , occupandosi delle tariffe di reversibilità e dei dati demografici per stabilire la durata di vita media residua alle diverse età. Insieme al nipote William Morgan, prepara delle tavole di mortalità - note come tavole di Northampton, dal nome della parrocchia All Saints' di Northampton - basate sui dati dal 1741 dei battezzati e dei morti, divisi per genere. Le tavole furono utilizzate dalle compagnie assicurative per oltre mezzo secolo. Le sue analisi sono raccolte in Observations on reversionary payments (1771), già sintesi di due lavori precedenti. I suoi studi evidenziavano che non vi era motivo di richiedere premi assicurativi più elevati per le donne, poiché la loro speranza di vita era superiore a quella maschile, e che era indispensabile sottoporre gli utenti a una visita medica preventiva per valutarne meglio i rischi. Il matematico inglese Edward Hulley, nelle sue Tables showing the values of annuities and assurances upon lives of equal ages (1828), raccolse e analizzò le tavole di Northampton di Price, confrontandole con le tavole di William Morgan e del regno di Svezia. Nel 1784 conosce Mary Wollstonecraft di cui diventa amico e mentore. Price partecipa anche al piano per ridurre il debito pubblico e per riformare il Parlamento inglese. Presenta due progetti di assicurazione sociale d'invalidità e vecchiaia però respinti dalla Camera dei Lords. Infine, si schiera con gli americani nella Guerra d'indipendenza e della Francia rivoluzionaria. (it) Richard Price ( (Glamorgan), 23 februari 1723 - Newington Green (Noord-Londen), 19 april 1791) was een politieke filosoof uit Wales. Price steunde de Amerikaanse Revolutie. Hij schreef in 1776 het pamflet Observations on Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America waarin de Amerikaanse onafhankelijkheid werd verdedigd, en gesteld werd dat de grondslag van de soevereniteit bij het volk lag. In enkele dagen werden er duizenden exemplaren van verkocht. De Nederlandse politicus Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol vertaalde dit pamflet naar het Nederlands. Price publiceerde ook een aantal werken over ethiek en moraal waarvan de (1757) het belangrijkst is. Price sympathiseerde met de Franse Revolutie en werd daarom bekritiseerd door Edmund Burke, die, mede naar aanleiding van Price's verdediging van de Franse Revolutie zijn beroemde (1790) schreef. Het pamflet van Thomas Paine was een reactie op Burke's werk. (nl) Richard Price, född 23 februari 1723 i Wales, död 19 april 1791, var en Walesisk moralfilosof. Price, som var predikant i en dissenterförsamling, intog en eklektisk ståndpunkt mellan förstånds- och känslomoralen i A review of the principal questions and difficulties on morals (1758) och kritiserade Joseph Priestleys åsikter i Letters in materialism and philosophical necessity (1778). Som teolog företrädde han en ariansk riktning. Han har även haft betydelse inom nationalekonomins historia genom sin kritik av de dåtida livförsäkringsbolagens beräkningar och genom inlägg i diskussionen om medlen att sänka nationalskulderna. Han knöt sitt namn till det amerikanska frihetskriget genom skriften Observations on civil liberty and the justice and policy of the war with America (1776), vilken fick stor spridning och mycket bifall på andra sidan Atlanten, men även kritik från till exempel Adam Ferguson. (sv) Richard Price (Glamorgan, 23 de Fevereiro de 1723 – Londres, 19 de Abril de 1791) foi um filósofo, ministro da igreja dissidente da Inglaterra e político republicano liberal apoiador da revolução americana. (pt) Ричард Прайс (23 февраля 1723, Гламорганшир, Уэльс — 19 апреля 1791, Хэкни, Англия) — валлийский философ, этик и проповедник, принадлежавший к церкви английских диссентеров; политический публицист, активно писавший с республиканских и либеральных позиций. (ru) 理查德·普莱斯（Richard Price，1723年2月23日－1791年4月19日），威尔士道德哲学家、牧师、数学家，政治活动家，生于布里真德市，支持美国独立运动和法国大革命，与美国建国元勋等人有交往，参与编辑发表贝叶斯定理。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | ريتشارد برايس (بالإنجليزية: Richard Price) (و. 1723 – 1791 م) هو فيلسوف، وخبير إكتواري، وعالم عقيدة، من مملكة بريطانيا العظمى، كان عضوًا في الجمعية الملكية، والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم، توفي في لندن، عن عمر يناهز 68 عاماً. (ar) Richard Price (* 23. Februar 1723 in , Glamorgan, Wales; † 19. April 1791 in London, England) war ein walisischer ethischer Philosoph, Prediger der englischen Dissenter sowie ein aktiver Flugblattschreiber in der Amerikanischen Revolution. Er pflegte Kontakte mit Schreibern der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten. Die meiste Zeit seines Lebens verbrachte er als Pfarrer in der , wo er möglicherweise die Person, die er am meisten beeinflusst hat, kennenlernte: Mary Wollstonecraft, die seine Ideen im Egalitarismus im Kampf für Frauenrechte in der Französischen Revolution nutzte. Zusätzlich zu seiner Arbeit als politischer Philosoph war er auch in der Royal Society aktiv. (de) Richard Price (23 Februari 1723 – 19 April 1791) adalah seorang dan pengkhotbah nonkomformis dari Wales. Ia juga merupakan penulis pamflet politik yang aktif dalam pergerakan radikal, republikan, dan liberal seperti Revolusi Amerika. Ia berhubungan baik dengan para pendiri Amerika Serikat. Price menghabiskan kehidupan dewasanya sebagai seorang pendeta di . Ia juga menulis dalam bidang demografi dan keuangan, dan merupakan anggota dari Fellow of the Royal Society. (in) 리처드 프라이스(Richard Price, 1723년 2월 23일 ~ 1791년 4월 19일)는 영국의 도덕철학자이자 정치철학자이다. (ko) Richard Price (Glamorgan, 23 de Fevereiro de 1723 – Londres, 19 de Abril de 1791) foi um filósofo, ministro da igreja dissidente da Inglaterra e político republicano liberal apoiador da revolução americana. (pt) Ричард Прайс (23 февраля 1723, Гламорганшир, Уэльс — 19 апреля 1791, Хэкни, Англия) — валлийский философ, этик и проповедник, принадлежавший к церкви английских диссентеров; политический публицист, активно писавший с республиканских и либеральных позиций. (ru) 理查德·普莱斯（Richard Price，1723年2月23日－1791年4月19日），威尔士道德哲学家、牧师、数学家，政治活动家，生于布里真德市，支持美国独立运动和法国大革命，与美国建国元勋等人有交往，参与编辑发表贝叶斯定理。 (zh) Richard Price va ser un filòsof britànic moral i predicador, i un panfletista polític, actiu en la causa radical, republicà i liberal, com la Revolució Americana. Va fomentar les connexions entre un gran nombre de persones, incloent a autors de la Constitució dels Estats Units. Va passar la major part de la seva vida adulta com a ministre de l'Església Unitària. Va tenir una gran influència sobre la feminista Mary Wollstonecraft, estenent les idees sobre la igualtat inherent en l'esperit de la Revolució Francesa per abastar els drets de les dones també. A més del seu treball com un filòsof moral i polític, també va escriure sobre temes d'estadístiques i finances, en col·laboració amb William Morgan i sota la influència de James Dodso (ca) Richard Price (Llangeinor -Gales-, 23 de febrero de 1723 - , 19 de abril de 1791) fue un clérigo y escritor británico. Defendió las causas de la Revolución de las Trece Colonias y de la Revolución francesa. Fue miembro de la de Londres; y del grupo de intelectuales liberales denominado Bowood circle. En diciembre de 1765 Price fue nombrado miembro de la Royal Society; y en 1781 recibió el diploma honorífico de la Universidad Yale. Fue enterrado en el cementerio "no-conformista" de (en el barrio londinense de Islington), junto a la tumba de Bayes. (es) Richard Price (23 février 1723, Glamorgan – 19 avril 1791, Newington Green) est un pasteur, pamphlétaire, moraliste, philosophe, mathématicien et économiste gallois. Richard Price est également un ardent défenseur de la cause américaine puis de la Révolution française en Angleterre où il participe à la London Revolution Society. (fr) Richard Price FRS (23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791) was a British moral philosopher, Nonconformist minister and mathematician. He was also a political reformer, pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the French and American Revolutions. He was well-connected and fostered communication between many people, including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, Mirabeau and the Marquis de Condorcet. According to the historian John Davies, Price was "the greatest Welsh thinker of all time". (en) Richard Price (1723 – 1791) è stato un filosofo britannico. Nato in Galles, fin da giovane si appassiona alla matematica, per poi ampliare le proprie competenze alla filosofia e alla politica. Appartenente a una famiglia di calvinisti praticanti, nel 1758 diventa pastore, pur dedicandosi allo studio delle scienze, e poi Ministro della Chiesa dei Razionali Dissidenti (un ramo minoritario dei Dissenzienti inglesi). Viene ammesso alla Royal Society su indicazione di Benjamin Franklin e diventa attuario nel 1765 per la , occupandosi delle tariffe di reversibilità e dei dati demografici per stabilire la durata di vita media residua alle diverse età. Insieme al nipote William Morgan, prepara delle tavole di mortalità - note come tavole di Northampton, dal nome della parrocchia All Saints' di Nor (it) Richard Price ( (Glamorgan), 23 februari 1723 - Newington Green (Noord-Londen), 19 april 1791) was een politieke filosoof uit Wales. Price steunde de Amerikaanse Revolutie. Hij schreef in 1776 het pamflet Observations on Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America waarin de Amerikaanse onafhankelijkheid werd verdedigd, en gesteld werd dat de grondslag van de soevereniteit bij het volk lag. In enkele dagen werden er duizenden exemplaren van verkocht. De Nederlandse politicus Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol vertaalde dit pamflet naar het Nederlands. (nl) Richard Price, född 23 februari 1723 i Wales, död 19 april 1791, var en Walesisk moralfilosof. Price, som var predikant i en dissenterförsamling, intog en eklektisk ståndpunkt mellan förstånds- och känslomoralen i A review of the principal questions and difficulties on morals (1758) och kritiserade Joseph Priestleys åsikter i Letters in materialism and philosophical necessity (1778). Som teolog företrädde han en ariansk riktning. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Richard Price (en) ريتشارد برايس (ar) Richard Price (ca) Richard Price (Philosoph) (de) Richard Price (es) Richard Price (pengkhotbah) (in) Richard Price (fr) Richard Price (filosofo) (it) 리처드 프라이스 (ko) Richard Price (filosoof) (nl) Richard Price (filósofo) (pt) Richard Price (sv) Прайс, Ричард (ru) 理查德·普莱斯 (zh) |
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