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Edmund Burke (Dublín, 12 de gener 1729 — , 9 de juliol 1797) fou un escriptor, esteta i pensador polític britànic liberal-conservador.

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dbo:abstract إدموند بيرك (بالأيرلندية: Edmund Burke) مفكر سياسي إيرلندي، يعتبر من رواد الفكر المحافظ الحديث. من أشهر أعماله «تأمّلات حول الثورة في فرنسا» 1790 م في التحذير من تبعات الثورة الفرنسية التي حدثت في عهده، معبراً عن امتعاضه من ولع الثوريين المثير للفتنة والاضطراب، والذين اعتبرهم متعصبين إيدلوجين تدفعهم المثالية النظرية لتحطيم كل ما سبق، إلا أنه كان من المؤيدين للثورة الأمريكية. عاش ما بين 1729-1797 م. في الواقع كان بيرك مهتم أكثر بما أسماه «مبدأ المحافظة» لم يكن يستخدم كلمات «محافظ» أو «التيار المحافظ», فمصطلح لم يستخدم بمعناه السياسي إلا بعد ثلاث عقود من وفاته، أساساً كتسمية جديدة لحزب المحافظين يعزى إليه الفضل في ابتكار مفهوم السلطة الرابعة حين راح يقارن أهمية الصحافة ببنية الحكومة وقتذاك، والتي تتوزع على ثلاثة أحزاب، رجال الدين والنبلاء والعوام، قائلاً إن المراسلين الصحفيين هم الحزب الرابع -السلطة الرابعة- الأكثر تأثيراً من كافة الأحزاب الأخرى. واقتبس تعبير السلطة الرابعة منه في مؤلفين مختلفين المؤرخ والناقد الأسكتلندي توماس كارليل ما أدى إلى رواجه. من أشهر أقواله «الشر ينتصر عندما يفشل الرجال الأخيار في التحرك» (ar) Edmund Burke (Dublín, 12 de gener 1729 — , 9 de juliol 1797) fou un escriptor, esteta i pensador polític britànic liberal-conservador. (ca) Edmund Burke (12. ledna 1729, Dublin – 9. července 1797, ) byl britský politik, politický teoretik a filozof anglo-irského původu. Bývá považován za zakladatele moderního konzervatismu. Byl dlouholetým poslancem za britské whigy. V době Americké revoluce vyjadřoval americkým koloniím podporu v boji za nezávislost, ale odmítal revoluční praktiky, protože plodí násilí. Podle jeho názoru k zmírnění napětí mohla vést změna daňové sazby a určitá forma nezávislosti, byl ale proti republikánským principům (Burke prosazoval monarchii). Opakovaně tvrdil, že lidé - ať už potomci či první generace zakladatelů - žijící na americkém kontinentu, budou vždy Angličané, a vznik USA proto neschvaloval. Byl rovněž silným odpůrcem Velké francouzské revoluce a její kritiku, která je vedena z konzervativních pozic, vyjádřil v knize , vydané roku 1790. Je to vlastně odpověď v dopise Ch. J. F. Pontovi, pařížskému aristokratovi, s nímž si dopisoval. Vyjevují se zde všechna témata, která konzervatismus jako ideologii doprovázejí (postoj k rodině, autoritě, nedotknutelnosti majetku). Tato kniha se považuje za jakýsi manifest konzervatismu. (cs) Ο Έντμουντ Μπερκ (Edmund Burke, 12 Ιανουαρίου 1729 – 9 Ιουλίου 1797) ήταν Ιρλανδός πολιτικός ηγέτης και εξέχων ρήτορας, συγγραφέας, θεωρητικός της πολιτικής επιστήμης και φιλόσοφος, ο οποίος με τη μετακίνησή του στην Αγγλία, υπήρξε για πολλά χρόνια βουλευτής της Βουλής των Κοινοτήτων της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας με το κόμμα των . Κυρίως έμεινε στη συλλογική μνήμη για την υποστήριξη στους επαναστάτες Αμερικανούς της Αμερικανικής Επανάστασης (ενάντια στη βρετανική κοινή γνώμη) και την κατοπινή στροφή-αντίδρασή του στη Γαλλική Επανάσταση. Η αντίδρασή του στον ξεσηκωμό της γαλλικής αστικής τάξης, τον καθιέρωσε ως την ηγετική φυσιογνωμία της συντηρητικής φατρίας του κόμματος των Ουίγων, την οποία ονόμασε Παλαιούς Ουίγους, σε αντιδιαστολή με τους του , που υπήρχαν στο κόμμα πριν την εποχή της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης. Θεωρείται ως ο φιλοσοφικός πατέρας του μοντέρνου συντηρητισμού, καθώς και από τους δεσπόζοντες θιασώτες του κλασικού φιλελευθερισμού. Αποτέλεσε σημαντικό πολιτικό πρότυπο του Τζων Κέυνς. Θαύμαζε «τη μαχητική του στάση υπέρ της σκοπιμότητας αντί του ορθού ως αφηρημένης έννοιας» (Πηγή: Κέϋνς, Peter Pugh & Chris Garatt) (el) Edmund BURKE [Edmund bœrk] (naskiĝis la 12-an de januaro 1729 - mortis la 9-an de julio 1797) estis angla-irlanda politikisto, verkisto, oratoro, politika teoristo kaj filozofo. Li restis longatempe membro de la brita malalta ĉambro (House of Commons), en la politika partio Whig. Oni memoras pri Burke ĉefe pro sia subteno de la amerikaj kolonioj kontraŭ la reĝo Georgo la 3-a, antaŭ la Usona Revolucio. Li estas ankaŭ konata pro sia firma kritiko de la franca revolucio de 1789 en sia verko Pensoj pri la Revolucio en Francio. Pro tio li fariĝis unu el la plej gravaj personoj inter la plej konservataj membroj de la partio Whig, al kiuj tiam oponis la membrojn favorajn al revolucio, gviditaj de Charles James Fox. Oni ofte rigardas Burke kiel unu el la fondintoj de angla-usona konservativismo. En lia Filozofa Enketo pri la Origino de Niaj Ideoj de la Sublimo kaj de la Belo (1756), li opinias ke la belon oni asocias kun febleco kaj virineco, dum la sublimon oni asocias kun forto kaj vireco. (eo) Edmund Burke (/ˈbɜːrk/; 12 January [NS] 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Irish-British statesman, economist, and philosopher. Born in Dublin, Burke served as a member of Parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons of Great Britain with the Whig Party. Burke was a proponent of underpinning virtues with manners in society and of the importance of religious institutions for the moral stability and good of the state. These views were expressed in his A Vindication of Natural Society. He criticised the actions of the British government towards the American colonies, including its taxation policies. Burke also supported the rights of the colonists to resist metropolitan authority, although he opposed the attempt to achieve independence. He is remembered for his support for Catholic emancipation, the impeachment of Warren Hastings from the East India Company, and his staunch opposition to the French Revolution. In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Burke asserted that the revolution was destroying the fabric of good society and traditional institutions of state and society and condemned the persecution of the Catholic Church that resulted from it. This led to his becoming the leading figure within the conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro–French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox. In the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently, in the 20th century, he became widely regarded, especially in the United States, as the philosophical founder of conservatism. (en) Edmund Burke (Dublín, 12 de enero de 1729-Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire; 9 de julio de 1797) fue un escritor, filósofo y político, considerado el padre del liberalismo conservador británico, tendencia que él llamaba old whigs (viejos liberales), en contraposición a los new whigs (nuevos liberales, de ideas progresistas), quienes, al contrario de los old whigs, apoyaban la Revolución francesa, de la que Burke fue un acérrimo enemigo. (es) Edmund Burke (Aussprache: [bə:k]) (* 1. Januarjul. / 12. Januar 1729greg. in Dublin; † 9. Juli 1797 in Beaconsfield) war ein irisch-britischer Schriftsteller, früher Theoretiker der philosophischen Disziplin der Ästhetik, Staatsphilosoph und Politiker in der Zeit der Aufklärung. Er gilt als geistiger Vater des Konservatismus. (de) Edmund Burke (Dublin, Irlanda, 1729ko urtarrilaren 12a - , Buckinghamshire, 1797ko uztailaren 9a) politikari, filosofo eta idazle irlandarra izan zen. Bere idazlanik eraginkorrena Frantziako Iraultzaren gaineko hausnarketak izenekoa izan zen, 1790an idatzi zuena. (eu) Scríbhneoir Éireannach, fealsamh agus parlaiminteoir Sasanach ab ea Edmund Burke nó Éamonn de Búrca, a rugadh sa bhliain 1729 i mBaile Átha Cliath. Fear ildánach sa chiall chlasaiceach agus smaointeoir de dhlúth ba ea an Búrcach. (ga) Edmund Burke PC (12 Januari 1729 – 9 Juli 1797) adalah seorang negarawan Irlandia, penulis, ahli pidato, teori politik, filsafat yang di mana, setelah direlokasikan ke Inggris, mengabdi selama bertahun-tahun di dalam sebagai anggota partai Whig. Ia dikenang atas bantuannya pada masa revolusi Amerika, dan atas oposisinya terhadap revolusi Prancis. Burke dipuji oleh kedua pihak konservatif dan liberal pada abad ke-19 dan pada abad ke-20 ia dikenang sebagai pelopor filosofis konservatif modern dan juga wakil dari pandangan liberal. * l * * s (in) Edmund Burke (/bɜːk/, né à Dublin le 12 janvier 1729 en Irlande et mort à Beaconsfield le 9 juillet 1797 en Grande-Bretagne) est un homme politique et philosophe irlandais, longtemps député à la Chambre des communes britannique, en tant que membre du parti whig. Il est resté célèbre pour le soutien qu'il a apporté aux colons américains lors de leur révolte contre la métropole britannique, bien qu'il se soit opposé à leur indépendance. Il est également connu pour sa ferme opposition à la Révolution française, exprimée dans ses Réflexions sur la Révolution de France, qui fit de lui l'un des chefs de file de la faction conservatrice au sein du parti whig. Burke est également l'auteur d'ouvrages de philosophie portant sur l'esthétique, et le fondateur de la revue politique Annual Register. Penseur emblématique du conservatisme moderne, et important idéologue libéral. Il est le père du libéral-conservatisme. (fr) エドマンド・バーク(英: Edmund Burke、1729年1月12日 - 1797年7月9日)は、アイルランド生まれのイギリスの政治思想家、哲学者、政治家。「保守思想の父」として知られる。ダブリンで富裕なアイルランド国教会信徒の家庭に生まれ、1765年から1794年までイギリス庶民院(下院)議員を務めた。 トーリー党(後の保守党)に対するホイッグ党(後の自由党)の幹部を務めたため、バークを保守主義者ではなく古典的自由主義者に分類する説もある。アメリカ独立革命運動を支持した一方、その後のフランス革命には反対した。反フランス革命の立場をとったので、彼はホイッグ党の保守派派閥の中で率先者となった。彼はこれを「旧ホイッグ」と呼び、チャールズ・ジェームズ・フォックス率いるフランス革命支持派の「新ホイッグ」に反対した。 主著は1790年の『フランス革命の省察』であり、この本はロマン主義および保守主義のバイブルとされる。フランス革命を全否定して、ジャコバン派の完全追放のため、革命フランスを軍事力で制圧する対仏戦争を主導した。また文壇に出るきっかけとなった論文の『崇高と美の観念の起源』は、英国で最初に美学を体系化したものとして有名である。ここでは「崇高美」というひとつの美意識が定義されている。 政治家としては、絶対王政を批判し、議会政治を擁護した。特定の選挙区の有権者の利害を代表しない「一般代表」の理念を提唱した。文章家・演説家でもある。 (ja) 에드먼드 버크(영어: Edmund Burke, 1729년 1월 12일 ~ 1797년 7월 9일)는 아일랜드 더블린 출신의 영국의 정치인이자 정치철학자, 연설가이다. (ko) Edmund Burke, detto il Cicerone britannico (/ˈed.mənd bɜːk/; Dublino, 12 gennaio 1729 – Beaconsfield, 9 luglio 1797), è stato un politico, filosofo e scrittore britannico di origine irlandese, nonché uno dei principali precursori ideologici del Romanticismo inglese. Per più di vent'anni sedette alla Camera dei comuni come membro del partito Whig (i liberali), avversari dei Tories (conservatori). Viene ricordato soprattutto per il suo sostegno alle rivendicazioni delle colonie americane contro re Giorgio III, anche se si oppose alla loro indipendenza, controversia che condusse alla guerra d'indipendenza americana (contribuendo poi alla pacificazione con gli Stati Uniti nascenti), nonché per la sua opposizione alla Rivoluzione francese, espressa nelle Riflessioni sulla Rivoluzione in Francia, opera di stampo storicista. Il dibattito sulla rivoluzione rese Burke una delle figure principali della corrente liberal-conservatrice del partito Whig (che soprannominò Vecchi Whig) in opposizione ai Nuovi Whig filo-rivoluzionari, guidati da Charles James Fox. La polemica di Burke sulla Rivoluzione francese stimolò il dibattito in Inghilterra. Ad esempio l'anglo-americano Thomas Paine rispose alle Riflessioni con I diritti dell'uomo mentre William Godwin scrisse l'Inchiesta sulla giustizia politica, condannando gli esiti sanguinosi della rivolta, ma senza ripudiare i principi che l'avevano ispirata, come fece invece Burke. Burke pubblicò anche opere filosofiche sull'estetica che ebbero molta influenza, e fondò l'Annual Register. (it) Edmund Burke (Dublin, 12 januari 1729 – Beaconsfield, 9 juli 1797) was een Brits-Iers filosoof en politicus die als de grondlegger van het moderne conservatisme wordt beschouwd. Voor de liberale Whigs zetelde hij meer dan dertig jaar in het House of Commons. Burke is vooral bekend van zijn krachtige oppositie tegen de Franse Revolutie, die hij zag als een gevolg van de Verlichting. Boven de rede stelde hij de organisch gegroeide en goddelijk gesanctioneerde traditie. (nl) Эдмунд Бёрк (англ. Edmund Burke; 12 января 1729, Дублин — 9 июля 1797, Биконсфилд, Бакингемшир) — англо-ирландский парламентарий, политический деятель, публицист эпохи Просвещения, родоначальник идеологии консерватизма. Э. Бёрк был членом парламента с 1766 года по 1794 год в Палате общин, и был сторонником укрепления добродетелей в обществе и важности религиозных институтов для моральной стабильности и блага государства. Эти взгляды были выражены в его книге «Оправдание естественного общества» (A Vindication of Natural Society). Он раскритиковал британское отношение к американским колониям, в том числе посредством налоговой политики. Бёрк также поддержал права колонистов на сопротивление центральной власти, хотя выступал против попытки добиться независимости. Известен поддержкой католической эмансипации и импичмента Уоррена Гастингса из Ост-Индской компании, а также резкой критикой Французской революции. В своих «Размышлениях о революции во Франции» Бёрк утверждал, что революция разрушает ткань хорошего общества и традиционных институтов государства и общества, и осудил последовавшие за этим преследования католической церкви. Это привело к тому, что он стал ведущей фигурой в консервативной фракции Партии вигов, которую он назвал «Старые виги», в отличие от сторонников французской революции, «Новых вигов», во главе с Чарльзом Джеймсом Фоксом. В XIX веке Бёрка хвалили как консерваторы, так и либералы. Впоследствии, в XX веке, он стал широко рассматриваться как философ и основатель современного консерватизма. (ru) Edmund Burke (/bɜːrk/; ur. 12 stycznia 1729 w Dublinie, zm. 9 lipca 1797 w Beaconsfield) – irlandzki filozof i polityk, twórca nowoczesnego konserwatyzmu, krytyk rewolucji francuskiej, wolnomularz. (pl) Edmund Burke (Dublin, 12 de janeiro de 1729 – Beaconsfield, 9 de julho de 1797) foi um filósofo, teórico político e orador irlandês, membro do parlamento londrino pelo Partido Whig. Sua principal expressão como teórico político foi a crítica que formulou à ideologia da Revolução Francesa, manifesta em Reflexões sobre a Revolução na França e sobre o comportamento de certas comunidades em Londres relativo a esse acontecimento, de 1790. Sendo advogado, dedicou-se primeiramente a escritos filosóficos, entre os quais destaca-se o tratado de estética A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful ("Investigação filosófica sobre a origem de nossas ideias do Sublime e do Belo") (1757). O livro atraiu a atenção de proeminentes pensadores continentais, como Denis Diderot e Immanuel Kant. Sua participação na política interna inglesa foi igualmente relevante. Defendeu a restrição dos poderes monárquicos e introduziu novos conceitos constitucionais referentes aos partidos e seus respectivos membros. Burke é ainda lembrado por apoiar causas como a Revolução Americana, a Emancipação Católica e o impeachment do general Warren Hastings da Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais. No século XIX Burke inspirou tanto conservadores quanto liberais. Subsequentemente, no Século XX, Burke foi amplamente reconhecido como o fundador do conservadorismo moderno. (pt) Edmund Burke, född 12 januari 1729 i Dublin på Irland, död 9 juli 1797 i Beaconsfield i Storbritannien, var en anglo-irländsk statsman, filosof och politisk teoretiker. Han betraktas av många som konservatismens grundare och förste lärofader. I vissa frågor var han emellertid liberal, förespråkande frihandel mellan nationer, religionsfrihet för katoliker samt befrielse från brittisk imperialism i såväl Bengalen (dagens Indien) som de amerikanska kolonierna. Han var verksam inom Whigs, det liberal-aristokratiska motståndarpartiet till det konservativ-rojalistiska Tories, men han tillhörde dess högerflygel. Av den anledningen kom han under 1800-talet att hyllas av både konservativa och liberaler. Senare på 1900-talet blev han allmänt ansedd som den filosofiske grundaren av modern konservatism. Burke förespråkade dygder och gott uppförande i samhället samt betonade religiösa samhällsinstitutioners betydelse för moralens stabilitet och statens bästa. Dessa betraktelsesätt uttrycktes i A Vindication of Natural Society (1756). I sitt mästerverk Reflektioner om franska revolutionen (1790) hävdade han att revolutionen förstörde det goda samhällets struktur och han fördömde den förföljelse av katolska kyrkan som den resulterade i. (sv) Е́дмунд Берк (англ. Edmund Burke; 12 січня 1729, Дублін — 9 липня 1797, , Бакінгемшир) — англо-ірландський державний діяч, член Парламенту Великої Британії, публіцист, мислитель. Основоположник теорії британського консерватизму. (uk) 埃德蒙·伯克(英語:Edmund Burke,1729年1月12日-1797年7月9日),愛爾蘭裔的英國的政治家、作家、演說家、政治理論家和哲學家,他曾在英國下議院擔任了數年輝格黨的議員。他最為後人所知的事蹟包括了他反對英王喬治三世和英國政府、支持美國殖民地以及後來的美國革命的立場,以及他後來對於法國大革命的批判。對法國大革命的反思使他成為輝格黨裡的保守主義主要人物(他還以「老輝格」自稱),反制黨內提倡革命的「新輝格」。伯克也出版了許多與美學有關的著作,並且創立了一份名為Annual Register的政治期刊。他經常被視為是英美保守主義的奠基者。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment Edmund Burke (Dublín, 12 de gener 1729 — , 9 de juliol 1797) fou un escriptor, esteta i pensador polític britànic liberal-conservador. (ca) Edmund Burke (Dublín, 12 de enero de 1729-Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire; 9 de julio de 1797) fue un escritor, filósofo y político, considerado el padre del liberalismo conservador británico, tendencia que él llamaba old whigs (viejos liberales), en contraposición a los new whigs (nuevos liberales, de ideas progresistas), quienes, al contrario de los old whigs, apoyaban la Revolución francesa, de la que Burke fue un acérrimo enemigo. (es) Edmund Burke (Aussprache: [bə:k]) (* 1. Januarjul. / 12. Januar 1729greg. in Dublin; † 9. Juli 1797 in Beaconsfield) war ein irisch-britischer Schriftsteller, früher Theoretiker der philosophischen Disziplin der Ästhetik, Staatsphilosoph und Politiker in der Zeit der Aufklärung. Er gilt als geistiger Vater des Konservatismus. (de) Edmund Burke (Dublin, Irlanda, 1729ko urtarrilaren 12a - , Buckinghamshire, 1797ko uztailaren 9a) politikari, filosofo eta idazle irlandarra izan zen. Bere idazlanik eraginkorrena Frantziako Iraultzaren gaineko hausnarketak izenekoa izan zen, 1790an idatzi zuena. (eu) Scríbhneoir Éireannach, fealsamh agus parlaiminteoir Sasanach ab ea Edmund Burke nó Éamonn de Búrca, a rugadh sa bhliain 1729 i mBaile Átha Cliath. Fear ildánach sa chiall chlasaiceach agus smaointeoir de dhlúth ba ea an Búrcach. (ga) Edmund Burke PC (12 Januari 1729 – 9 Juli 1797) adalah seorang negarawan Irlandia, penulis, ahli pidato, teori politik, filsafat yang di mana, setelah direlokasikan ke Inggris, mengabdi selama bertahun-tahun di dalam sebagai anggota partai Whig. Ia dikenang atas bantuannya pada masa revolusi Amerika, dan atas oposisinya terhadap revolusi Prancis. Burke dipuji oleh kedua pihak konservatif dan liberal pada abad ke-19 dan pada abad ke-20 ia dikenang sebagai pelopor filosofis konservatif modern dan juga wakil dari pandangan liberal. * l * * s (in) 에드먼드 버크(영어: Edmund Burke, 1729년 1월 12일 ~ 1797년 7월 9일)는 아일랜드 더블린 출신의 영국의 정치인이자 정치철학자, 연설가이다. (ko) Edmund Burke (Dublin, 12 januari 1729 – Beaconsfield, 9 juli 1797) was een Brits-Iers filosoof en politicus die als de grondlegger van het moderne conservatisme wordt beschouwd. Voor de liberale Whigs zetelde hij meer dan dertig jaar in het House of Commons. Burke is vooral bekend van zijn krachtige oppositie tegen de Franse Revolutie, die hij zag als een gevolg van de Verlichting. Boven de rede stelde hij de organisch gegroeide en goddelijk gesanctioneerde traditie. (nl) Edmund Burke (/bɜːrk/; ur. 12 stycznia 1729 w Dublinie, zm. 9 lipca 1797 w Beaconsfield) – irlandzki filozof i polityk, twórca nowoczesnego konserwatyzmu, krytyk rewolucji francuskiej, wolnomularz. (pl) Е́дмунд Берк (англ. Edmund Burke; 12 січня 1729, Дублін — 9 липня 1797, , Бакінгемшир) — англо-ірландський державний діяч, член Парламенту Великої Британії, публіцист, мислитель. Основоположник теорії британського консерватизму. (uk) 埃德蒙·伯克(英語:Edmund Burke,1729年1月12日-1797年7月9日),愛爾蘭裔的英國的政治家、作家、演說家、政治理論家和哲學家,他曾在英國下議院擔任了數年輝格黨的議員。他最為後人所知的事蹟包括了他反對英王喬治三世和英國政府、支持美國殖民地以及後來的美國革命的立場,以及他後來對於法國大革命的批判。對法國大革命的反思使他成為輝格黨裡的保守主義主要人物(他還以「老輝格」自稱),反制黨內提倡革命的「新輝格」。伯克也出版了許多與美學有關的著作,並且創立了一份名為Annual Register的政治期刊。他經常被視為是英美保守主義的奠基者。 (zh) إدموند بيرك (بالأيرلندية: Edmund Burke) مفكر سياسي إيرلندي، يعتبر من رواد الفكر المحافظ الحديث. من أشهر أعماله «تأمّلات حول الثورة في فرنسا» 1790 م في التحذير من تبعات الثورة الفرنسية التي حدثت في عهده، معبراً عن امتعاضه من ولع الثوريين المثير للفتنة والاضطراب، والذين اعتبرهم متعصبين إيدلوجين تدفعهم المثالية النظرية لتحطيم كل ما سبق، إلا أنه كان من المؤيدين للثورة الأمريكية. عاش ما بين 1729-1797 م. في الواقع كان بيرك مهتم أكثر بما أسماه «مبدأ المحافظة» لم يكن يستخدم كلمات «محافظ» أو «التيار المحافظ», فمصطلح لم يستخدم بمعناه السياسي إلا بعد ثلاث عقود من وفاته، أساساً كتسمية جديدة لحزب المحافظين (ar) Edmund Burke (12. ledna 1729, Dublin – 9. července 1797, ) byl britský politik, politický teoretik a filozof anglo-irského původu. Bývá považován za zakladatele moderního konzervatismu. Byl dlouholetým poslancem za britské whigy. V době Americké revoluce vyjadřoval americkým koloniím podporu v boji za nezávislost, ale odmítal revoluční praktiky, protože plodí násilí. Podle jeho názoru k zmírnění napětí mohla vést změna daňové sazby a určitá forma nezávislosti, byl ale proti republikánským principům (Burke prosazoval monarchii). Opakovaně tvrdil, že lidé - ať už potomci či první generace zakladatelů - žijící na americkém kontinentu, budou vždy Angličané, a vznik USA proto neschvaloval. Byl rovněž silným odpůrcem Velké francouzské revoluce a její kritiku, která je vedena z konzervativních po (cs) Ο Έντμουντ Μπερκ (Edmund Burke, 12 Ιανουαρίου 1729 – 9 Ιουλίου 1797) ήταν Ιρλανδός πολιτικός ηγέτης και εξέχων ρήτορας, συγγραφέας, θεωρητικός της πολιτικής επιστήμης και φιλόσοφος, ο οποίος με τη μετακίνησή του στην Αγγλία, υπήρξε για πολλά χρόνια βουλευτής της Βουλής των Κοινοτήτων της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας με το κόμμα των . Αποτέλεσε σημαντικό πολιτικό πρότυπο του Τζων Κέυνς. Θαύμαζε «τη μαχητική του στάση υπέρ της σκοπιμότητας αντί του ορθού ως αφηρημένης έννοιας» (Πηγή: Κέϋνς, Peter Pugh & Chris Garatt) (el) Edmund BURKE [Edmund bœrk] (naskiĝis la 12-an de januaro 1729 - mortis la 9-an de julio 1797) estis angla-irlanda politikisto, verkisto, oratoro, politika teoristo kaj filozofo. Li restis longatempe membro de la brita malalta ĉambro (House of Commons), en la politika partio Whig. Oni memoras pri Burke ĉefe pro sia subteno de la amerikaj kolonioj kontraŭ la reĝo Georgo la 3-a, antaŭ la Usona Revolucio. (eo) Edmund Burke (/ˈbɜːrk/; 12 January [NS] 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Irish-British statesman, economist, and philosopher. Born in Dublin, Burke served as a member of Parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons of Great Britain with the Whig Party. In the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently, in the 20th century, he became widely regarded, especially in the United States, as the philosophical founder of conservatism. (en) Edmund Burke (/bɜːk/, né à Dublin le 12 janvier 1729 en Irlande et mort à Beaconsfield le 9 juillet 1797 en Grande-Bretagne) est un homme politique et philosophe irlandais, longtemps député à la Chambre des communes britannique, en tant que membre du parti whig. Il est resté célèbre pour le soutien qu'il a apporté aux colons américains lors de leur révolte contre la métropole britannique, bien qu'il se soit opposé à leur indépendance. Il est également connu pour sa ferme opposition à la Révolution française, exprimée dans ses Réflexions sur la Révolution de France, qui fit de lui l'un des chefs de file de la faction conservatrice au sein du parti whig. (fr) Edmund Burke, detto il Cicerone britannico (/ˈed.mənd bɜːk/; Dublino, 12 gennaio 1729 – Beaconsfield, 9 luglio 1797), è stato un politico, filosofo e scrittore britannico di origine irlandese, nonché uno dei principali precursori ideologici del Romanticismo inglese. Burke pubblicò anche opere filosofiche sull'estetica che ebbero molta influenza, e fondò l'Annual Register. (it) エドマンド・バーク(英: Edmund Burke、1729年1月12日 - 1797年7月9日)は、アイルランド生まれのイギリスの政治思想家、哲学者、政治家。「保守思想の父」として知られる。ダブリンで富裕なアイルランド国教会信徒の家庭に生まれ、1765年から1794年までイギリス庶民院(下院)議員を務めた。 トーリー党(後の保守党)に対するホイッグ党(後の自由党)の幹部を務めたため、バークを保守主義者ではなく古典的自由主義者に分類する説もある。アメリカ独立革命運動を支持した一方、その後のフランス革命には反対した。反フランス革命の立場をとったので、彼はホイッグ党の保守派派閥の中で率先者となった。彼はこれを「旧ホイッグ」と呼び、チャールズ・ジェームズ・フォックス率いるフランス革命支持派の「新ホイッグ」に反対した。 主著は1790年の『フランス革命の省察』であり、この本はロマン主義および保守主義のバイブルとされる。フランス革命を全否定して、ジャコバン派の完全追放のため、革命フランスを軍事力で制圧する対仏戦争を主導した。また文壇に出るきっかけとなった論文の『崇高と美の観念の起源』は、英国で最初に美学を体系化したものとして有名である。ここでは「崇高美」というひとつの美意識が定義されている。 (ja) Edmund Burke (Dublin, 12 de janeiro de 1729 – Beaconsfield, 9 de julho de 1797) foi um filósofo, teórico político e orador irlandês, membro do parlamento londrino pelo Partido Whig. Sua principal expressão como teórico político foi a crítica que formulou à ideologia da Revolução Francesa, manifesta em Reflexões sobre a Revolução na França e sobre o comportamento de certas comunidades em Londres relativo a esse acontecimento, de 1790. Sendo advogado, dedicou-se primeiramente a escritos filosóficos, entre os quais destaca-se o tratado de estética A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful ("Investigação filosófica sobre a origem de nossas ideias do Sublime e do Belo") (1757). O livro atraiu a atenção de proeminentes pensadores continentais, como Denis D (pt) Edmund Burke, född 12 januari 1729 i Dublin på Irland, död 9 juli 1797 i Beaconsfield i Storbritannien, var en anglo-irländsk statsman, filosof och politisk teoretiker. Han betraktas av många som konservatismens grundare och förste lärofader. I vissa frågor var han emellertid liberal, förespråkande frihandel mellan nationer, religionsfrihet för katoliker samt befrielse från brittisk imperialism i såväl Bengalen (dagens Indien) som de amerikanska kolonierna. Han var verksam inom Whigs, det liberal-aristokratiska motståndarpartiet till det konservativ-rojalistiska Tories, men han tillhörde dess högerflygel. Av den anledningen kom han under 1800-talet att hyllas av både konservativa och liberaler. Senare på 1900-talet blev han allmänt ansedd som den filosofiske grundaren av modern konservatis (sv) Эдмунд Бёрк (англ. Edmund Burke; 12 января 1729, Дублин — 9 июля 1797, Биконсфилд, Бакингемшир) — англо-ирландский парламентарий, политический деятель, публицист эпохи Просвещения, родоначальник идеологии консерватизма. (ru)
rdfs:label Edmund Burke (en) إدموند بيرك (ar) Edmund Burke (ca) Edmund Burke (cs) Edmund Burke (de) Έντμουντ Μπερκ (el) Edmund Burke (eo) Edmund Burke (es) Edmund Burke (eu) Edmund Burke (ga) Edmund Burke (in) Edmund Burke (fr) Edmund Burke (it) 에드먼드 버크 (ko) エドマンド・バーク (ja) Edmund Burke (nl) Edmund Burke (pl) Edmund Burke (pt) Бёрк, Эдмунд (ru) Edmund Burke (sv) Едмунд Берк (uk) 埃德蒙·伯克 (zh)
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