| dbo:abstract |
ويليام بيت الأكبر (بالإنجليزية: William Pitt the Elder) يعرف أيضاً بلقب إيرل شاتام (بالإنجليزية: Earl of Chatham) سياسي بريطاني (15 نوفمبر 1708-11 مايو 1778). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 30 يوليو 1766 إلى 14 أكتوبر 1768. هو والد ويليام بيت الأصغر. (ar) William Pitt, conegut com a Pitt el Vell (15 de novembre del 1708 – 11 de maig del 1778)fou membre del Parlament anglès (1734-1766) i primer ministre de la Gran Bretanya (1766-68). Pertanyia al Patit Whig. Tenia el favor de gran part de la població però no el favor del rei ni el dels altres polítics, que veien en ell un perillós rival. Una ciutat americana, Pittsburg, va ser així anomenada en honor seu. El sobrenom el Vell li va venir quan el seu fill, també anomenat William, es va dedicar a la política. Alguns historiadors lloen la seva decisió d'implicar militarment el seu país en frenar l'avenç de França, cosa que va permetre destinar recursos a l'expansionisme de la Gran Bretanya per l'Índia i el Canadà, fins al punt de dir que amb ell va començar una nova era. En els darrers anys de la seva vida el rei Jordi III el va nomenar comte de Chatham. (ca) William Pitt, 1. hrabě z Chathamu (15. listopad 1708 – 11. květen 1778) byl britský státník, člen strany Whigů, který získal největší slávu v době, kdy vedl Británii v sedmileté válce (spolu s Thomasem Pelham-Hollesem). Vedoucím představitelem britské vlády (ve funkci strážce královské pečeti) byl v letech 1766 až 1768. Bývá často označován jako William Pitt starší, pro odlišení od svého syna Williama Pitta mladšího. (cs) William PITT, la pli maljuna, alinome (ekde 1766-tól) Earlo de Chatham (15-an de novembro 1708, Londono, Britio – m. 11-an de majo 1778, Hayes, Kent) estis brita ŝtatviro, dufoje (1756–61, 1766–68) kvazaŭa ĉefministro de Britio, li helpis elkonstruon de la brita monda imperio. Lia patro estis parlamentano (Robert Pitt), lia avo (Thomas) estis gvidanto de la Orient-Hindia Asocio. Li lernis en Etono, poste unu jaron en la oksforda Trinity College, poste en Universitato de la nederlanda Utrecht. Lin apogis milionulo Lordo Cobham kaj sendis lin al eŭropa rundvojaĝo kaj poste dungis lin en sia armeo. Pitt heredis en 1735 de sia frato elektan distrikton, tiel li sukcese enparlamentiĝis. Li apartenis - kun Cobham - al opozicio de ĉefministro Siro Robert Walpole, kiu fiaskis en 1742 kaj sekvis lin John Carteret, earlo de Granville. Pitt iĝis en 1746 vic-trezoristo de Irlando, unu jaron poste ĉefa sold-prizorgisto de la armeo. Pitt retiriĝis en 1754 - pro sanaferoj - al kuracbanejo Bath, kie aĉetis eĉ domon. Tiam li konatiĝis kun Lady Hester Grenville kiun li edzinigis en novembro de 1754. Ili setlis en Hayes, kie Pitt tute saniĝis. Li iĝis ĉefministro de Britio kaj refortigis la landon kaj sukcese militiris. Li devis abdiki, kiam li ne povis akceptigi militon kontraŭ Hispanio. Li plu agadis en la politiko -estis xcefministro de 1766-68-, sed li tute retiriĝis en 1768. Lia filo estas William Pitt, la pli juna. (eo) William Pitt, 1. Earl of Chatham (* 15. November 1708 in London; † 11. Mai 1778 in Hayes, Kent) war ein britischer Politiker. Nach langjähriger Mitgliedschaft im Unterhaus und dem Ausüben verschiedener Hofämter war er von 1766 bis 1768 Premierminister von Großbritannien. (de) William Pitt Zaharra (Londres, 1708ko azaroaren 15a - Hayes, Kent, 1778ko maiatzaren 11a) politikari ingelesa izan zen, Pitt Gaztearen aita. Etonen, Oxforden eta Herbehereetako Utrechteko unibertsitatean egin zituen ikasketak, eta gaztetandik izan zituen harreman estuak aristokraziarekin. 1735ean Behe Ganberan jarleku bat hartzeko proposamena egin zioten eta onartu zuen. Hasieratik britainiar kolonien hedatzea izan zuen helburu, eta askoz ere garrantzi handiagoa ematen zion itsas armadari eta haren nagusitasunari Europan egin zitzaketen konkistei baino. Hizlari bikaina izan zen legebiltzarrean eta oso kargu garrantzitsuak izan zituen administrazioan. Frantziaren aurkako Zazpi Urteko Gerra hasi zenean (1756-1763) gobernua osatzeko agindua hartu zuen, hala eskatzen baitzuen herriak gerra hasieran gertatutako gudu galtzeak ikusirik. Frantziari kolonietan eta itsasoan aurre egitea erabaki zuen Pittek eta horrenbestean garaipena lortu zuen Ingalaterrarentzat. Garai hartan lortu zuen Ingalaterrak Kanadaren gaineko nagusitasuna ere. 1766-1768 urteetan gobernuburu izan ondoren erretiratu zen politikagintzatik. (eu) William Pitt, I Conde de Chatham (Londres, 15 de noviembre de 1708 - Hayes, Bromley, Londres, 11 de mayo de 1778), apodado el Viejo para distinguirlo de su hijo, conocido como William Pitt "el Joven", fue un político británico. Era nieto de Thomas Pitt. (es) William Pitt l'Ancien (15 novembre 1708 – 11 mai 1778), 1er comte de Chatham, est un homme d'État whig britannique premier ministre pendant la guerre de Sept Ans. Il mène ensuite la politique du pays au poste de Lord du sceau privé de 1766 à 1768. Il est ainsi surnommé pour le distinguer de son fils, William Pitt le Jeune, Premier ministre de 1783 à 1801 et de 1804 à sa mort en 1806. Il était également surnommé The Great Commoner (le Grand Roturier) du fait de sa longue réticence à accepter un titre de noblesse jusqu'en 1766. (fr) Ba pholaiteoir agus Phríomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe é William Pitt, 1ú Iarla Chatham, a rugadh ar an 15 Samhain 1708 – 11 Bealtaine 1778. (ga) William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, PC, FRS (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British statesman of the Whig group who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1766 to 1768. Historians call him Chatham or William Pitt the Elder to distinguish him from his son William Pitt the Younger, who was also a prime minister. Pitt was also known as the Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title until 1766. Pitt was a member of the British cabinet and its informal leader from 1756 to 1761 (with a brief interlude in 1757), during the Seven Years' War (including the French and Indian War in the American colonies). He again led the ministry, holding the official title of Lord Privy Seal, between 1766 and 1768. Much of his power came from his brilliant oratory. He was out of power for most of his career and became well known for his attacks on the government, such as those on Walpole's corruption in the 1730s, Hanoverian subsidies in the 1740s, peace with France in the 1760s, and the uncompromising policy towards the American colonies in the 1770s. Pitt is best known as the wartime political leader of Britain in the Seven Years' War, especially for his single-minded devotion to victory over France, a victory which ultimately solidified Britain's dominance over world affairs. He is also known for his popular appeal, his opposition to corruption in government, his support for the American position in the run-up to the American Revolutionary War, his advocacy of British greatness, expansionism and empire, and his antagonism towards Britain's chief enemies and rivals for colonial power, Spain and France. Marie Peters argues his statesmanship was based on a clear, consistent, and distinct appreciation of the value of the Empire. The British parliamentary historian P. D. G. Thomas argued that Pitt's power was based not on his family connections but on the extraordinary parliamentary skills by which he dominated the House of Commons. He displayed a commanding manner, brilliant rhetoric, and sharp debating skills that cleverly utilised broad literary and historical knowledge. Scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers. (en) 제1대 채텀 백작 윌리엄 피트(William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, 1708년 11월 15일 ~ 1778년 5월 11일)은 영국의 정치가이다. 둘째 아들 소 피트(William Pitt the Younger)와 구별하기 위하여 대 피트(the Elder)라 불린다. 웨스트민스터에서 태어나 옥스퍼드 대학을 졸업하고, 1735년 하원에 들어가 월폴의 정책을 비난하여 주목을 끌었다. 1746년 출판 장관이 되었고, 1756년 7년 전쟁이 일어나자 적극 외교를 주장하였다. 국무 대신의 자리에 올라 프랑스와의 식민지 싸움에서 이겨 인도·북아메리카 등지에서 식민지를 넓혀 대영 제국의 기초를 세움으로써 위대한 평민(The Great Commoner)이라 일컬어진다. 그는 식민지와 미국과의 유대관계를 중요시하였지만 식민지의 독립은 반대하였다. 그러나 1768년 건강 악화를 이유로 총리직을 사임하고 피츠로이가 그 뒤를 이었다. 1778년 식민지에 있는 영국 군대의 철수에 대한 청원을 국회가 심의하는 중에 병을 앓으면서도 국회에 나와 반대 연설을 하다가 갑자기 졸도하여 숨을 거두었다. (ko) 初代チャタム伯爵ウィリアム・ピット（英語: William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, PC, FRS、1708年11月15日 - 1778年5月11日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 1735年にホイッグ党の庶民院議員に当選し、政界入り。ロバート・ウォルポール首相の「軟弱外交」を批判するタカ派若手政治家として頭角を現し、庶民院で影響力を拡大させた。1757年から1761年にかけて第2次ニューカッスル公爵内閣で南部担当国務大臣を務め、七年戦争を実質的に指導し、インド亜大陸や北アメリカや西インド諸島などの植民地でフランス勢力を駆逐することに成功し、大英帝国の基礎を築いた。その後首相（在任：1766年7月30日 - 1768年10月14日）も務めたが、首相在任時には大きな業績はなかった。 通称大ピット（William Pitt the Elder）。フランス革命戦争・ナポレオン戦争時の首相ウィリアム・ピット（小ピット）は次男である。 (ja) William Pitt, 1e graaf van Chatham (Londen, 16 november 1708 - Hayes, Kent, 11 mei 1778) was een Brits Whig-politicus en de eerste minister (Prime Minister) van Groot-Brittannië van 30 juli 1766 tot 14 oktober 1768. Hij wordt William Pitt de Oudere genoemd om hem van zijn zoon te onderscheiden die als William Pitt de Jongere bekendstaat in de Britse geschiedenis. De steden Pittsburgh, Chatham (New Jersey) en ook Pittsylvania County en de Chatham University in Pittsburgh zijn naar hem vernoemd. (nl) William Pitt, 1. hrabia Chatham (ur. 15 listopada 1708 w Londynie, zm. 11 maja 1778 w Hayes, Kent) – brytyjski polityk z partii Wigów. Często zwany Williamem Pittem starszym (William Pitt the Elder), by odróżnić go od jego syna Williama Pitta młodszego (William Pitt the Younger), który był premierem w latach 1783-1801 i ponownie 1804-1806. Jego dziadkiem był przedsiębiorca Thomas Pitt (1653 - 1726), a ojcem Robert. William Pitt rozpoczął swoją karierę polityczną jako jeden z tzw. "Patriot Boys". Otwarcie krytykował politykę, jaką prowadził premier Robert Walpole, jako zbyt mało "patriotyczną". Król Jerzy II Hanowerski bardzo Pitta nie lubił, ponieważ ten tropił wszelkie przejawy poświęcania interesów brytyjskich dla interesów "podławego elektoratu" hanowerskiego. Pitt grał pierwsze skrzypce w rządzie księcia Newcastle. Bez odwagi, wytrwałości i pomysłowości Pitta wojna siedmioletnia prawdopodobnie nie zakończyłaby się dla Wielkiej Brytanii zwycięstwem. Pitt był czołowym zwolennikiem sojuszu z Fryderykiem Wielkim. William Pitt był sekretarzem stanu w czasie wojny siedmioletniej, a potem premierem Wielkiej Brytanii. Z powodu talentu oratorskiego Pitta nazywano "Wielkim Posłem" (Great Commoner). Amerykańskie miasto Pittsburgh otrzymało nazwę na jego cześć. (pl) William Pitt, I Conte di Chatham detto il Vecchio (Westminster, 15 novembre 1708 – , 11 maggio 1778), è stato un politico britannico. Ha fatto parte del Partito Whig. Nell'arco della sua quarantennale attività politica, accompagnata dal più caldo e talvolta entusiastico consenso popolare, la Gran Bretagna si trasformò in potenza imperiale (basti pensare alla conquista dell'India e del Canada) mentre, all'interno, prese vigore il sistema parlamentare-costituzionale. Viene comunemente ricordato come Pitt il Vecchio per distinguerlo da suo figlio William Pitt il Giovane, anch'egli politico e primo ministro britannico. Tratto caratteristico della sua carriera è che essa si svolse quasi ininterrottamente sui banchi della Camera dei Comuni. Fu assai raramente chiamato al governo e per brevi periodi (anche se furono momenti fondamentali per la storia inglese) e una sola volta divenne Primo Ministro, dal 30 luglio 1766 al 14 ottobre 1768. (it) William Pitt, 1.º Conde de Chatham (15 de novembro de 1708 – 11 de maio de 1788) foi um estadista britânico, ministro da Guerra durante a guerra dos Sete Anos, quando conduziu seu país à vitória sobre a França, e primeiro-ministro (1766–1768). (pt) Уильям Питт, 1-й граф Чатам (англ. William Pitt; 15 ноября 1708[…], Лондон — 11 мая 1778[…], Бромли, Большой Лондон) — британский государственный деятель из партии вигов, который в качестве военного министра в годы Семилетней войны внёс неоценимый вклад в становление Британии как мировой колониальной империи и смог значительно прирастить заморские владения британской короны. Закончил карьеру премьер-министром (с 1766 по 1768 годы). Его часто называют Уильям Питт Старший, чтобы отличить его от сына Уильяма Питта Младшего, который руководил британским правительством в годы Наполеоновских войн. (ru) William Pitt, 1:e earl av Chatham, mer känd som William Pitt den äldre, född 15 november 1708 i Boconnoc (i Cornwall), död 11 maj 1778 på sitt gods i Hayes i Kent, var en brittisk statsman som redan vid 22 års ålder blev medlem av parlamentet. Under sorgfälliga studier av forntidens och den nyare tidens främsta vältalare och skalder utbildade han sig till underhusets yppersta talare. Dock hade han inte endast sin vältalighet och sina statsmannaegenskaper att tacka för sitt inflytande på det engelska folket. Han förvärvade nationens förtroende lika mycket för sin kärlek till frihet, sitt hat mot tyranniet och han var själv medveten därom. "Jag vet, att jag kan rädda landet och att ingen annan kan det", sade han till en av Englands statsmän år 1756, då det kom underrättelse, att engelsmännen haft svåra motgångar i kriget mot fransmännen. Samma år inträdde han i regeringen som utrikesminister. Visserligen blev han redan i april 1757 på grund av intriger entledigad, men efter ett par månader måste Georg II återkalla honom, och nu kunde han med större kraft ägna sig åt att utföra sina stora politiska planer. Pitts andra ministär bildar en glänsande period i Englands historia; under den förvärvade sig England herraväldet över världshaven. Han var sonson till Thomas Pitt och far till William Pitt den yngre. (sv) 第一代查塔姆伯爵威廉·皮特PC FRS（英语：William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham，1708年11月15日 – 1778年5月11日）。皮特是一位英国辉格党的政治家，于1766年至1768年间担任英国首相。历史学家称他为查塔姆或老皮特，以区别于他的儿子小皮特，后者也是一位首相。皮特也被称为伟大的下议院议员，因为他在1766年之前一直拒绝受封官职。 皮特在七年战争（包括美洲殖民地的北美战争）期间，于1756年至1761年（1757年有短暂插曲）担任英国内阁成员及其非正式领导人。在1766年至1768年间，他再次领导了内阁，并获得了掌玺大臣的官方头衔，皮特大部分政治影响来自他精彩的演讲。皮特在职业生涯的大部分时间里都没有掌权，并因攻击当权政府而闻名，例如1730年代沃波尔的腐败、1740年代汉诺威的补助、 1760年代与法国的和平以及1770年代对美洲殖民地不妥协的政策。 皮特最为人所知的是七年战争中担任英国的战时政治领袖，尤其是因为他一心一意地致力于战胜法国，这场胜利最终巩固了英国在世界事务中的主导地位。他还以其受广泛爱戴、反对政府腐败、支持美国在美国独立战争的立场、倡导英国的扩张主义和帝国主义以及坚决对抗英国的主要敌人西班牙和法国而闻名。玛丽·彼得斯（Marie Peters）认为，皮特的政治家风范是基于对帝国价值的清晰、一致和独特的认知。 英国议会历史学家托马斯认为，皮特的权力并非来自于其家庭关系，而是基于他统治下议院的非凡技巧。他以威风凛凛的态度，精辟的言辞，敏锐的辩论技巧，巧妙地运用了文学和历史知识。学者们将他列为所有英国首相中的佼佼者。 (zh) Вільям Пітт, 1-й граф Четем (англ. William Pitt; 15 листопада 1708 — 11 травня 1778) — британський державний діяч, представник партії вігів, що як військовий міністр за часів Семирічної війни зробив неоціненний внесок у становлення Британії як світової колоніальної імперії та зміг значно розширити заморські володіння британської корони. Завершив кар'єру прем'єр-міністром (з 1766 до 1768 року). Його часто називають Вільям Пітт старший, щоб відрізняти від його сина Вільяма Пітта молодшого, який керував британським урядом за часів Наполеонівських війн. Його ім'я носить американське місто Піттсбург. (uk) |
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William Pitt (en) |
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Pitt the Elder, after Richard Brompton (en) |
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ويليام بيت الأكبر (بالإنجليزية: William Pitt the Elder) يعرف أيضاً بلقب إيرل شاتام (بالإنجليزية: Earl of Chatham) سياسي بريطاني (15 نوفمبر 1708-11 مايو 1778). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 30 يوليو 1766 إلى 14 أكتوبر 1768. هو والد ويليام بيت الأصغر. (ar) William Pitt, 1. hrabě z Chathamu (15. listopad 1708 – 11. květen 1778) byl britský státník, člen strany Whigů, který získal největší slávu v době, kdy vedl Británii v sedmileté válce (spolu s Thomasem Pelham-Hollesem). Vedoucím představitelem britské vlády (ve funkci strážce královské pečeti) byl v letech 1766 až 1768. Bývá často označován jako William Pitt starší, pro odlišení od svého syna Williama Pitta mladšího. (cs) William Pitt, 1. Earl of Chatham (* 15. November 1708 in London; † 11. Mai 1778 in Hayes, Kent) war ein britischer Politiker. Nach langjähriger Mitgliedschaft im Unterhaus und dem Ausüben verschiedener Hofämter war er von 1766 bis 1768 Premierminister von Großbritannien. (de) William Pitt, I Conde de Chatham (Londres, 15 de noviembre de 1708 - Hayes, Bromley, Londres, 11 de mayo de 1778), apodado el Viejo para distinguirlo de su hijo, conocido como William Pitt "el Joven", fue un político británico. Era nieto de Thomas Pitt. (es) William Pitt l'Ancien (15 novembre 1708 – 11 mai 1778), 1er comte de Chatham, est un homme d'État whig britannique premier ministre pendant la guerre de Sept Ans. Il mène ensuite la politique du pays au poste de Lord du sceau privé de 1766 à 1768. Il est ainsi surnommé pour le distinguer de son fils, William Pitt le Jeune, Premier ministre de 1783 à 1801 et de 1804 à sa mort en 1806. Il était également surnommé The Great Commoner (le Grand Roturier) du fait de sa longue réticence à accepter un titre de noblesse jusqu'en 1766. (fr) Ba pholaiteoir agus Phríomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe é William Pitt, 1ú Iarla Chatham, a rugadh ar an 15 Samhain 1708 – 11 Bealtaine 1778. (ga) 제1대 채텀 백작 윌리엄 피트(William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, 1708년 11월 15일 ~ 1778년 5월 11일)은 영국의 정치가이다. 둘째 아들 소 피트(William Pitt the Younger)와 구별하기 위하여 대 피트(the Elder)라 불린다. 웨스트민스터에서 태어나 옥스퍼드 대학을 졸업하고, 1735년 하원에 들어가 월폴의 정책을 비난하여 주목을 끌었다. 1746년 출판 장관이 되었고, 1756년 7년 전쟁이 일어나자 적극 외교를 주장하였다. 국무 대신의 자리에 올라 프랑스와의 식민지 싸움에서 이겨 인도·북아메리카 등지에서 식민지를 넓혀 대영 제국의 기초를 세움으로써 위대한 평민(The Great Commoner)이라 일컬어진다. 그는 식민지와 미국과의 유대관계를 중요시하였지만 식민지의 독립은 반대하였다. 그러나 1768년 건강 악화를 이유로 총리직을 사임하고 피츠로이가 그 뒤를 이었다. 1778년 식민지에 있는 영국 군대의 철수에 대한 청원을 국회가 심의하는 중에 병을 앓으면서도 국회에 나와 반대 연설을 하다가 갑자기 졸도하여 숨을 거두었다. (ko) 初代チャタム伯爵ウィリアム・ピット（英語: William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, PC, FRS、1708年11月15日 - 1778年5月11日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 1735年にホイッグ党の庶民院議員に当選し、政界入り。ロバート・ウォルポール首相の「軟弱外交」を批判するタカ派若手政治家として頭角を現し、庶民院で影響力を拡大させた。1757年から1761年にかけて第2次ニューカッスル公爵内閣で南部担当国務大臣を務め、七年戦争を実質的に指導し、インド亜大陸や北アメリカや西インド諸島などの植民地でフランス勢力を駆逐することに成功し、大英帝国の基礎を築いた。その後首相（在任：1766年7月30日 - 1768年10月14日）も務めたが、首相在任時には大きな業績はなかった。 通称大ピット（William Pitt the Elder）。フランス革命戦争・ナポレオン戦争時の首相ウィリアム・ピット（小ピット）は次男である。 (ja) William Pitt, 1e graaf van Chatham (Londen, 16 november 1708 - Hayes, Kent, 11 mei 1778) was een Brits Whig-politicus en de eerste minister (Prime Minister) van Groot-Brittannië van 30 juli 1766 tot 14 oktober 1768. Hij wordt William Pitt de Oudere genoemd om hem van zijn zoon te onderscheiden die als William Pitt de Jongere bekendstaat in de Britse geschiedenis. De steden Pittsburgh, Chatham (New Jersey) en ook Pittsylvania County en de Chatham University in Pittsburgh zijn naar hem vernoemd. (nl) William Pitt, 1.º Conde de Chatham (15 de novembro de 1708 – 11 de maio de 1788) foi um estadista britânico, ministro da Guerra durante a guerra dos Sete Anos, quando conduziu seu país à vitória sobre a França, e primeiro-ministro (1766–1768). (pt) Уильям Питт, 1-й граф Чатам (англ. William Pitt; 15 ноября 1708[…], Лондон — 11 мая 1778[…], Бромли, Большой Лондон) — британский государственный деятель из партии вигов, который в качестве военного министра в годы Семилетней войны внёс неоценимый вклад в становление Британии как мировой колониальной империи и смог значительно прирастить заморские владения британской короны. Закончил карьеру премьер-министром (с 1766 по 1768 годы). Его часто называют Уильям Питт Старший, чтобы отличить его от сына Уильяма Питта Младшего, который руководил британским правительством в годы Наполеоновских войн. (ru) Вільям Пітт, 1-й граф Четем (англ. William Pitt; 15 листопада 1708 — 11 травня 1778) — британський державний діяч, представник партії вігів, що як військовий міністр за часів Семирічної війни зробив неоціненний внесок у становлення Британії як світової колоніальної імперії та зміг значно розширити заморські володіння британської корони. Завершив кар'єру прем'єр-міністром (з 1766 до 1768 року). Його часто називають Вільям Пітт старший, щоб відрізняти від його сина Вільяма Пітта молодшого, який керував британським урядом за часів Наполеонівських війн. Його ім'я носить американське місто Піттсбург. (uk) William Pitt, conegut com a Pitt el Vell (15 de novembre del 1708 – 11 de maig del 1778)fou membre del Parlament anglès (1734-1766) i primer ministre de la Gran Bretanya (1766-68). Pertanyia al Patit Whig. Tenia el favor de gran part de la població però no el favor del rei ni el dels altres polítics, que veien en ell un perillós rival. Una ciutat americana, Pittsburg, va ser així anomenada en honor seu. El sobrenom el Vell li va venir quan el seu fill, també anomenat William, es va dedicar a la política. Alguns historiadors lloen la seva decisió d'implicar militarment el seu país en frenar l'avenç de França, cosa que va permetre destinar recursos a l'expansionisme de la Gran Bretanya per l'Índia i el Canadà, fins al punt de dir que amb ell va començar una nova era. En els darrers anys de l (ca) William PITT, la pli maljuna, alinome (ekde 1766-tól) Earlo de Chatham (15-an de novembro 1708, Londono, Britio – m. 11-an de majo 1778, Hayes, Kent) estis brita ŝtatviro, dufoje (1756–61, 1766–68) kvazaŭa ĉefministro de Britio, li helpis elkonstruon de la brita monda imperio. Lia patro estis parlamentano (Robert Pitt), lia avo (Thomas) estis gvidanto de la Orient-Hindia Asocio. Pitt iĝis en 1746 vic-trezoristo de Irlando, unu jaron poste ĉefa sold-prizorgisto de la armeo. Lia filo estas William Pitt, la pli juna. (eo) William Pitt Zaharra (Londres, 1708ko azaroaren 15a - Hayes, Kent, 1778ko maiatzaren 11a) politikari ingelesa izan zen, Pitt Gaztearen aita. Etonen, Oxforden eta Herbehereetako Utrechteko unibertsitatean egin zituen ikasketak, eta gaztetandik izan zituen harreman estuak aristokraziarekin. 1735ean Behe Ganberan jarleku bat hartzeko proposamena egin zioten eta onartu zuen. Hasieratik britainiar kolonien hedatzea izan zuen helburu, eta askoz ere garrantzi handiagoa ematen zion itsas armadari eta haren nagusitasunari Europan egin zitzaketen konkistei baino. Hizlari bikaina izan zen legebiltzarrean eta oso kargu garrantzitsuak izan zituen administrazioan. Frantziaren aurkako Zazpi Urteko Gerra hasi zenean (1756-1763) gobernua osatzeko agindua hartu zuen, hala eskatzen baitzuen herriak gerra has (eu) William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, PC, FRS (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British statesman of the Whig group who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1766 to 1768. Historians call him Chatham or William Pitt the Elder to distinguish him from his son William Pitt the Younger, who was also a prime minister. Pitt was also known as the Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title until 1766. (en) William Pitt, I Conte di Chatham detto il Vecchio (Westminster, 15 novembre 1708 – , 11 maggio 1778), è stato un politico britannico. Ha fatto parte del Partito Whig. Nell'arco della sua quarantennale attività politica, accompagnata dal più caldo e talvolta entusiastico consenso popolare, la Gran Bretagna si trasformò in potenza imperiale (basti pensare alla conquista dell'India e del Canada) mentre, all'interno, prese vigore il sistema parlamentare-costituzionale. Viene comunemente ricordato come Pitt il Vecchio per distinguerlo da suo figlio William Pitt il Giovane, anch'egli politico e primo ministro britannico. (it) William Pitt, 1. hrabia Chatham (ur. 15 listopada 1708 w Londynie, zm. 11 maja 1778 w Hayes, Kent) – brytyjski polityk z partii Wigów. Często zwany Williamem Pittem starszym (William Pitt the Elder), by odróżnić go od jego syna Williama Pitta młodszego (William Pitt the Younger), który był premierem w latach 1783-1801 i ponownie 1804-1806. Pitt grał pierwsze skrzypce w rządzie księcia Newcastle. Bez odwagi, wytrwałości i pomysłowości Pitta wojna siedmioletnia prawdopodobnie nie zakończyłaby się dla Wielkiej Brytanii zwycięstwem. Pitt był czołowym zwolennikiem sojuszu z Fryderykiem Wielkim. (pl) William Pitt, 1:e earl av Chatham, mer känd som William Pitt den äldre, född 15 november 1708 i Boconnoc (i Cornwall), död 11 maj 1778 på sitt gods i Hayes i Kent, var en brittisk statsman som redan vid 22 års ålder blev medlem av parlamentet. Under sorgfälliga studier av forntidens och den nyare tidens främsta vältalare och skalder utbildade han sig till underhusets yppersta talare. Dock hade han inte endast sin vältalighet och sina statsmannaegenskaper att tacka för sitt inflytande på det engelska folket. Han förvärvade nationens förtroende lika mycket för sin kärlek till frihet, sitt hat mot tyranniet och han var själv medveten därom. "Jag vet, att jag kan rädda landet och att ingen annan kan det", sade han till en av Englands statsmän år 1756, då det kom underrättelse, att engelsmännen (sv) 第一代查塔姆伯爵威廉·皮特PC FRS（英语：William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham，1708年11月15日 – 1778年5月11日）。皮特是一位英国辉格党的政治家，于1766年至1768年间担任英国首相。历史学家称他为查塔姆或老皮特，以区别于他的儿子小皮特，后者也是一位首相。皮特也被称为伟大的下议院议员，因为他在1766年之前一直拒绝受封官职。 皮特在七年战争（包括美洲殖民地的北美战争）期间，于1756年至1761年（1757年有短暂插曲）担任英国内阁成员及其非正式领导人。在1766年至1768年间，他再次领导了内阁，并获得了掌玺大臣的官方头衔，皮特大部分政治影响来自他精彩的演讲。皮特在职业生涯的大部分时间里都没有掌权，并因攻击当权政府而闻名，例如1730年代沃波尔的腐败、1740年代汉诺威的补助、 1760年代与法国的和平以及1770年代对美洲殖民地不妥协的政策。 皮特最为人所知的是七年战争中担任英国的战时政治领袖，尤其是因为他一心一意地致力于战胜法国，这场胜利最终巩固了英国在世界事务中的主导地位。他还以其受广泛爱戴、反对政府腐败、支持美国在美国独立战争的立场、倡导英国的扩张主义和帝国主义以及坚决对抗英国的主要敌人西班牙和法国而闻名。玛丽·彼得斯（Marie Peters）认为，皮特的政治家风范是基于对帝国价值的清晰、一致和独特的认知。 (zh) |
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ويليام بيت الأكبر (ar) William Pitt (ca) William Pitt (cs) William Pitt, 1. Earl of Chatham (de) Γουίλιαμ Πιτ ο Πρεσβύτερος (el) William Pitt (pli maljuna) (eo) William Pitt (el Viejo) (es) Pitt "Zaharra" (eu) William Pitt, 1ú Iarla Chatham (ga) William Pitt l'Ancien (fr) William Pitt il Vecchio (it) 제1대 채텀 백작 윌리엄 피트 (ko) ウィリアム・ピット (初代チャタム伯爵) (ja) William Pitt de Oudere (nl) William Pitt (1. hrabia Chatham) (pl) William Pitt, 1.º Conde de Chatham (pt) Питт, Уильям Старший (ru) William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (en) William Pitt den äldre (sv) 第一代查塔姆伯爵威廉·皮特 (zh) Вільям Пітт (старший) (uk) |
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wikipedia-en:William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham |
