Bhagat Singh (original) (raw)
- Bhagat Singh (27. září 1907 – 23. března 1931) byl indický ateista, socialista a politik. (cs)
- بهجت سنج أو بهغت سنغ البنجابية: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ لغة أردية بھگت سنگھ، بالإنجليزيةbahgat singh أصد: [pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ] (27 سبتمبر 1907 —23 مارس، 1931) كان هنديا ، وهو يعتر واحد من الثوريين الأكثر تأثيرافي وغالبا ما يشار اليه ب«شهيد بهجت سنجه»(وتعني كلمة "شهيدا").ينتمي سنغ لأسرة سبق وأن شاركت في الأنشطة الثورية ضد في الهند والسند، وعندما كان مراهقا، درس عن الحركات الثورية الأوروبية، وكان ينجذب كثير إلى والشيوعية. وقد شارك في العديد من المنظمات الثورية وخاصة ذات الاتجاه الاشتراكي والثوري. وسرعان ما ارتقى في صفوف مدافعي (قانون حقوق الإنسان)، وأصبح واحدا من قادتها، وتم تحويلها لاحقا إلى (HSRA). حصل سنج على دعم عندما قام بعملية صوم دامت لمده 64 يوم في السجن، للمطالبة بالمساواة بحقوق السجناء السياسيين الهنود ووالسجناء المخالفين للقانون من البريطانيين. وقد اعدم بسبب إطلاقه النار على ضابط شرطة ردا على اغتيال زميله المناضل المخضرم وسار على نهجه الكثير من الشباب في الهند لبدء القتال من أجل استقلال الهند، وازدادت بسببه القيم الاشتراكية في الهند. (ar)
- Bhagat Singh (Panjabi: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ; * 28. September 1907 in einem Dorf im Distrikt Lyallpur, Punjab; † 23. März 1931 in Lahore) war ein indischer Revolutionär im antibritischen Unabhängigkeitskampf. Er gründete mit und Chandrashekhar Azad die HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association), eine der ersten sozialistischen Organisationen in Indien, die stark von der bolschewistischen Oktoberrevolution inspiriert wurde. Bhagat Singh wurde in die Religionsgemeinschaft der Sikh geboren, bezeichnete sich aber später in seinen Schriften als Atheisten. Wegen der Ermordung eines britischen Polizisten wurde Bhagat zum Tode durch den Strang verurteilt und zusammen mit seinen Mitstreitern Shivaram Rajguru und hingerichtet. Er gilt in Nordindien als Märtyrer (Shahid); sein Tod löste Krawalle im ganzen Punjab aus. Umstritten ist die Frage, ob Mahatma Gandhi die Möglichkeit hatte, Bhagat Singh und manche seiner Mithäftlinge zu befreien, dies aber unterließ, da Bhagat Singh ein gewaltbereiter Revolutionär war und somit gegen Gandhis Prinzip des gewaltlosen Widerstandes verstieß. Dies löste besonders in den 1980er Jahren große Empörung bei den Sikhs aus und führte dazu, dass heute noch einige Sikhs Gandhi als Nationalheld Indiens nicht anerkennen. (de)
- Bhagat Singh (27 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was a charismatic Indian revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in what was to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, and after his execution at age 23 into a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism, he electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s, and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent but eventually successful campaign for India's independence. In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate, Shivaram Rajguru, both members of a small revolutionary group, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (also Army, or HSRA), shot dead a 21-year-old British police officer, John Saunders, in Lahore, Punjab, in what is today Pakistan, mistaking Saunders, who was still on probation, for the British senior police superintendent, James Scott, whom they had intended to assassinate. They held Scott responsible for the death of a popular Indian nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai for having ordered a lathi (baton) charge in which Rai was injured and two weeks thereafter died of a heart attack. As Saunders exited a police station on a motorcycle, he was felled by a single bullet fired from across the street by Rajguru, a marksman. As he lay injured, he was shot at close range several times by Singh, the postmortem report showing eight bullet wounds. Another associate of Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, shot dead an Indian police head constable, Channan Singh, who attempted to give chase as Singh and Rajguru fled. After having escaped, Bhagat Singh and his associates used pseudonyms to publicly announce avenging Lajpat Rai's death, putting up prepared posters that they had altered to show John Saunders as their intended target instead of James Scott. Singh was thereafter on the run for many months, and no convictions resulted at the time. Surfacing again in April 1929, he and another associate, Batukeshwar Dutt, set off two low-intensity homemade bombs among some unoccupied benches of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. They showered leaflets from the gallery on the legislators below, shouted slogans, and allowed the authorities to arrest them. The arrest, and the resulting publicity, brought to light Singh's complicity in the John Saunders case. Awaiting trial, Singh gained public sympathy after he joined fellow defendant Jatin Das in a hunger strike, demanding better prison conditions for Indian prisoners, the strike ending in Das's death from starvation in September 1929. Bhagat Singh was convicted of the murder of John Saunders and Channan Singh, and hanged in March 1931, aged 23. He became a popular folk hero after his death. Jawaharlal Nehru wrote about him: "Bhagat Singh did not become popular because of his act of terrorism but because he seemed to vindicate, for the moment, the honour of Lala Lajpat Rai, and through him of the nation. He became a symbol; the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and village of the Punjab, and to a lesser extent in the rest of northern India, resounded with his name." In still later years, Singh, an atheist and socialist in adulthood, won admirers in India from among a political spectrum that included both communists and right-wing Hindu nationalists. Although many of Singh's associates, as well as many Indian anti-colonial revolutionaries, were also involved in daring acts and were either executed or died violent deaths, few came to be lionised in popular art and literature as did Singh, who is sometimes referred to as the Shaheed-e-Azam ("Great martyr" in Urdu and Punjabi). (en)
- Bhagat Singh alinome Shaheed Bhagat Singh (Plena Nomo: Bhagat Singh Sandhu; 28-a de septembro 1907 - 23-a de marto 1931) hinda socialisto konsiderita kiel unu el la plej influaj revoluciuloj de la Hindia sendependiga movado estis. Li estis voĉdonita kiel la "Plej Granda Hindo" kaj daŭre konsiderita unu el la plej inspiraj ĉiamverdaj junulikonoj de Hindio. Li ofte estas referita kiel " Shaheed Bhagat Singh", la vorto "Shaheed" kun la signifo "martiro" en kelkaj Sudaziaj kaj sudokcident-aziaj lingvoj. Naskita en sikan familion kiu pli frue estis implikita en revoluciaj agadoj kontraŭ la Brita Hindio, kiam adoleskanto Singh studis eŭropajn ribelajn movadojn kaj estis altirita al anarkiismaj kaj marksistaj ideologioj, kiel tiu de Giuseppe Mazzini. Li iĝis engaĝita en multaj revoluciemaj organizoj, kaj rapide pliiĝis tra la rangoj de la Hindustania Respublika Asocio (HRA) por iĝi unu el ĝiaj ĉefaj gvidantoj, poste ŝanĝante ĝian nomon al la Hindustania Socialista Respublika Asocio (HSRA) en 1928. Serĉante venĝon por la morto de Lala Lajpat Rai ĉe la manoj de la polico, Singh estis implikita en la murdo de brita policisto John Saunders. Li eskapis klopodojn de la polico por kapti lin. Baldaŭ post, kune kun Batukeshwar Dutt, li kaj komplico ĵetis du bombojn kaj broŝuretojn ene de la Centra Leĝdona Asembleo. La du viroj estis arestitaj, kiam ili planis esti. Tenita sur tiu pagendaĵo, li akiris ĝeneraligitan nacian subtenon kiam li spertis 116-tagan rapidan en malliberejo, postulante egalrajtigoj por britaj kaj hindaj politikaj kaptitoj. Dum tiu tempo, sufiĉa indico estis alportita kontraŭ li por konvinkiĝo en la Saunders-kazo, post testo fare de Special Tribunal kaj alogo ĉe la reĝkonsilio en Anglio. Li estis kondamnita kaj poste pendigita por lia partopreno en la murdo, maturigis 23-an sian heredaĵon instigis junecon en Hindio por komenci batali por hinda sendependeco kaj li daŭre estas junulidolo en moderna Hindio, same kiel la inspiro por pluraj filmoj. Li estas festita kun granda bronza statuo en la same kiel vico da aliaj monumentoj. (eo)
- Bhagat Singh, (: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ); 1907ko irailaren 28a - 1931ko martxoaren 23a) Indiako askatasunaren aldeko iraultzaile nagusietako bat izan zen, Indiako independentziaren mugimenduaren baitan. (eu)
- Bhagat Singh (IPA: [pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ] 27/28 September 1907 – 23 Maret 1931) adalah seorang sosialis India yang dianggap menjadi salah satu revolusioner paling berpengaruh dari gerakan kemerdekaan India. Ia sering disebut sebagai " Bhagat Singh", kara "Shaheed" artinya "martir" dalam sejumlah bahasa Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Sikh yang terlibat dalam aktivitas revolusioner melawan Britania Raj, sebagai seorang remaja Singh mempelajari gerakan revolusioner Eropa dan memegang ideologi anarkis dan Marxis. Ia terlibat dalam sejumlah organisasi revolusioner, dan cepat mengembangkan peringkatnya pada (ARH) untuk menjadi salah satu pemimpin utamanya, yang kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi (ARSH) pada 1928. Singh terlibat dalam pembunuhan perwira polisi Britania John Saunders. (in)
- Bhagat Singh (en gurmukhî : ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ) (né le 27 septembre 1907 et mort le 23 mars 1931) était un combattant nationaliste indien. Considéré comme un martyr de la cause indépendantiste, il est souvent appelé Shaheed Bhagat Singh (le mot shaheed signifiant "martyr"). Il est également réputé avoir été l’un des premiers marxistes en Inde, et ce, notamment par le Parti communiste indien. Il est également l’un des fondateurs de l’Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. Bhagat Singh a été pendu par les Britanniques. Son corps a été brûlé dans le village d’ sur les bords du fleuve Sutlej dans l’État du Penjab. (fr)
- Bhagat Singh (Distretto di Faisalabad, 28 settembre 1907 – Lahore, 23 marzo 1931) è stato un rivoluzionario indiano. (it)
- Bhagat Singh (1907 - 23 de março de 1931) foi um revolucionário socialista indiano cujos dois atos de violência dramática contra os britânicos na Índia e execução aos 23 anos fizeram dele um herói popular do movimento de independência da Índia. (pt)
- Бхагат Сингх (в.-пандж. ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ, англ. Bhagat Singh, 27 сентября 1907, Банга, Фейсалабад, Британская Индия — 23 марта 1931, Лахор, Британская Индия) — индийский революционер-подпольщик, участник национально-освободительного антиколониального движения, основатель и руководитель Бхагат Сингх был одним из самых влиятельных революционеров вошедших в историю Индии. Народом вежливо называется «мучеником». В декабре 1928 года, совместно с соратником из партии ИСРА , совершил убийство 21-летнего полицейского Джона Соундерса, в городе Лахор перепутав его с Джеймсом Скоттом, которого изначально намеревались убить. Данное покушение было в отместку за убийство Лалы Ладжпата Рая, наставника Бхагата, который был ранен во время ликвидирования нашествия полицией путём избиения. Первым в Соундерса стрелял Раджгуру, после чего Сингх выстрелил в тело Соундерса восемь раз. Обоим соратникам затем удалось убежать. Спустя полгода в апреле 1929 года, Сингх вместе с другим членом партии кинул две импровизированные бомбы на пустые парты внутри центральной законодательной ассамблеи, выкрикивая революционные девизы и разбрасывая плакаты. Оба революционера не пытались убежать, а наоборот, добровольно сдались полиции. Однако в тюрьме, из-за растущей популярности Бхагата среди масс и неожиданного предательства несколькими пойманными членами партии, была обнаружена его причастность к убийству полицейского. До приговора, Сингх участвовал в голодании против дискриминации индийских заключённых, вместе с другим заключённым Джатином Дасом, набирая симпатию народа. Однако Джатин Дас умер в сентябре 1929 года, а Сингх был приговорен к смерти и затем повешен два года спустя, 23 марта 1931 года, в возрасте 23 лет. Посмертно, Бхагат Сингх стал фольклорным героем, почитаемым коммунистами и также правыми националистами. (ru)
- 巴格特·辛格(Bhagat Singh,1907年9月28日-1931年3月23日),或被尊稱為「沙希德·巴格特·辛格」,是在印度獨立運動中對抗英屬印度最有影響力的社會主義革命者之一。巴格特·辛格年輕時曾學習歐洲革命運動沿革,並受無政府主義思想、與馬克思的意識形態啟發。他曾參與數個革命組織,其中他在印度斯坦共和協會(Hindustan Republican Association),於1928年改名)最為活躍。 巴格特·辛格生平中最著名的事件之一為1927年所執行的英國警官約翰·桑德斯(John Saunders)刺殺案,據傳該刺殺行動是為同為旁遮普出身的政治領導人之死報仇。在1929年4月,巴格特·辛格與同黨的獨立運動革命家在英屬印度政府的(下議會)投擲傳單與施放炸彈攻擊,兩人皆在其事件後被逮捕。 巴格特·辛格的名聲隨著他在獄中日漸高漲,在此期間,他進行了為期116天的絕食抗議印度政治犯與其他歐洲血統囚犯的不公平待遇。在經過特殊法院與英國樞密院的審判與定罪後,他於1931年為其刺殺約翰·桑德斯的罪名處以絞刑,得年23歲。 巴格特·辛格在印度獨立史中對青年革命家影響深遠,獨立運動成功後,後人為他設立紀念碑,並在今日的印度議會設立其銅像。 (zh)
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- category:Bhagat Singh (en)
- Bhagat Singh (27. září 1907 – 23. března 1931) byl indický ateista, socialista a politik. (cs)
- Bhagat Singh, (: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ); 1907ko irailaren 28a - 1931ko martxoaren 23a) Indiako askatasunaren aldeko iraultzaile nagusietako bat izan zen, Indiako independentziaren mugimenduaren baitan. (eu)
- Bhagat Singh (Distretto di Faisalabad, 28 settembre 1907 – Lahore, 23 marzo 1931) è stato un rivoluzionario indiano. (it)
- Bhagat Singh (1907 - 23 de março de 1931) foi um revolucionário socialista indiano cujos dois atos de violência dramática contra os britânicos na Índia e execução aos 23 anos fizeram dele um herói popular do movimento de independência da Índia. (pt)
- 巴格特·辛格(Bhagat Singh,1907年9月28日-1931年3月23日),或被尊稱為「沙希德·巴格特·辛格」,是在印度獨立運動中對抗英屬印度最有影響力的社會主義革命者之一。巴格特·辛格年輕時曾學習歐洲革命運動沿革,並受無政府主義思想、與馬克思的意識形態啟發。他曾參與數個革命組織,其中他在印度斯坦共和協會(Hindustan Republican Association),於1928年改名)最為活躍。 巴格特·辛格生平中最著名的事件之一為1927年所執行的英國警官約翰·桑德斯(John Saunders)刺殺案,據傳該刺殺行動是為同為旁遮普出身的政治領導人之死報仇。在1929年4月,巴格特·辛格與同黨的獨立運動革命家在英屬印度政府的(下議會)投擲傳單與施放炸彈攻擊,兩人皆在其事件後被逮捕。 巴格特·辛格的名聲隨著他在獄中日漸高漲,在此期間,他進行了為期116天的絕食抗議印度政治犯與其他歐洲血統囚犯的不公平待遇。在經過特殊法院與英國樞密院的審判與定罪後,他於1931年為其刺殺約翰·桑德斯的罪名處以絞刑,得年23歲。 巴格特·辛格在印度獨立史中對青年革命家影響深遠,獨立運動成功後,後人為他設立紀念碑,並在今日的印度議會設立其銅像。 (zh)
- بهجت سنج أو بهغت سنغ البنجابية: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ لغة أردية بھگت سنگھ، بالإنجليزيةbahgat singh أصد: [pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ] (27 سبتمبر 1907 —23 مارس، 1931) كان هنديا ، وهو يعتر واحد من الثوريين الأكثر تأثيرافي وغالبا ما يشار اليه ب«شهيد بهجت سنجه»(وتعني كلمة "شهيدا").ينتمي سنغ لأسرة سبق وأن شاركت في الأنشطة الثورية ضد في الهند والسند، وعندما كان مراهقا، درس عن الحركات الثورية الأوروبية، وكان ينجذب كثير إلى والشيوعية. وقد شارك في العديد من المنظمات الثورية وخاصة ذات الاتجاه الاشتراكي والثوري. وسرعان ما ارتقى في صفوف مدافعي (قانون حقوق الإنسان)، وأصبح واحدا من قادتها، وتم تحويلها لاحقا إلى (HSRA). حصل سنج على دعم عندما قام بعملية صوم دامت لمده 64 يوم في السجن، للمطالبة بالمساواة بحقوق السجناء السياسيين الهنود ووالسجناء المخالفين للقانون من البريطانيين. وقد اعدم بسبب إطلاقه النار على ضابط شرطة ردا عل (ar)
- Bhagat Singh (27 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was a charismatic Indian revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in what was to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, and after his execution at age 23 into a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism, he electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s, and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent but eventually successful campaign for India's inde (en)
- Bhagat Singh alinome Shaheed Bhagat Singh (Plena Nomo: Bhagat Singh Sandhu; 28-a de septembro 1907 - 23-a de marto 1931) hinda socialisto konsiderita kiel unu el la plej influaj revoluciuloj de la Hindia sendependiga movado estis. Li estis voĉdonita kiel la "Plej Granda Hindo" kaj daŭre konsiderita unu el la plej inspiraj ĉiamverdaj junulikonoj de Hindio. Li ofte estas referita kiel " Shaheed Bhagat Singh", la vorto "Shaheed" kun la signifo "martiro" en kelkaj Sudaziaj kaj sudokcident-aziaj lingvoj. Naskita en sikan familion kiu pli frue estis implikita en revoluciaj agadoj kontraŭ la Brita Hindio, kiam adoleskanto Singh studis eŭropajn ribelajn movadojn kaj estis altirita al anarkiismaj kaj marksistaj ideologioj, kiel tiu de Giuseppe Mazzini. Li iĝis engaĝita en multaj revoluciemaj organi (eo)
- Bhagat Singh (Panjabi: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ; * 28. September 1907 in einem Dorf im Distrikt Lyallpur, Punjab; † 23. März 1931 in Lahore) war ein indischer Revolutionär im antibritischen Unabhängigkeitskampf. Er gründete mit und Chandrashekhar Azad die HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association), eine der ersten sozialistischen Organisationen in Indien, die stark von der bolschewistischen Oktoberrevolution inspiriert wurde. Bhagat Singh wurde in die Religionsgemeinschaft der Sikh geboren, bezeichnete sich aber später in seinen Schriften als Atheisten. (de)
- Bhagat Singh (IPA: [pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ] 27/28 September 1907 – 23 Maret 1931) adalah seorang sosialis India yang dianggap menjadi salah satu revolusioner paling berpengaruh dari gerakan kemerdekaan India. Ia sering disebut sebagai " Bhagat Singh", kara "Shaheed" artinya "martir" dalam sejumlah bahasa Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Sikh yang terlibat dalam aktivitas revolusioner melawan Britania Raj, sebagai seorang remaja Singh mempelajari gerakan revolusioner Eropa dan memegang ideologi anarkis dan Marxis. Ia terlibat dalam sejumlah organisasi revolusioner, dan cepat mengembangkan peringkatnya pada (ARH) untuk menjadi salah satu pemimpin utamanya, yang kemudian mengubah namanya menjadi (ARSH) pada 1928. (in)
- Bhagat Singh (en gurmukhî : ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ) (né le 27 septembre 1907 et mort le 23 mars 1931) était un combattant nationaliste indien. Considéré comme un martyr de la cause indépendantiste, il est souvent appelé Shaheed Bhagat Singh (le mot shaheed signifiant "martyr"). Il est également réputé avoir été l’un des premiers marxistes en Inde, et ce, notamment par le Parti communiste indien. Il est également l’un des fondateurs de l’Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. (fr)
- Бхагат Сингх (в.-пандж. ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ, англ. Bhagat Singh, 27 сентября 1907, Банга, Фейсалабад, Британская Индия — 23 марта 1931, Лахор, Британская Индия) — индийский революционер-подпольщик, участник национально-освободительного антиколониального движения, основатель и руководитель (ru)
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