Scottish feudal lordship (original) (raw)
A feudal lordship is a feudal title that is held in baroneum, which Latin term means that its holder, who is called a feudal lord, is also always a feudal baron. A feudal lordship is an ancient title of nobility. The holder may or may not be a Lord of Regality, which meant that the holder was appointed by the Crown and had the power of "pit and gallows", meaning the power to authorise the death sentence. Lords of regality, feudal lords, and feudal barons are not to be confused with a manorial lordship.
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| dbo:abstract | A feudal lordship is a feudal title that is held in baroneum, which Latin term means that its holder, who is called a feudal lord, is also always a feudal baron. A feudal lordship is an ancient title of nobility. The holder may or may not be a Lord of Regality, which meant that the holder was appointed by the Crown and had the power of "pit and gallows", meaning the power to authorise the death sentence. A Scottish feudal lord ranks above a Scottish feudal baron (being a feudal baron of a higher degree), but below a Lord of Parliament which is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, and below a feudal earldom, which is a feudal barony of still higher degree than a feudal lordship. There are far fewer feudal lordships than feudal baronies, whilst feudal earldoms are very rare. While feudal barons originally sat in parliament (along with the lords and higher nobility who made up the Peerage), all of the peerage, originally, was within the feudal system. Later, some of what used to be feudal lordships came to be known as peerages (such as that of The Right Honourable The Lord Forrester) while others were sold, inherited by greater peers, or otherwise disqualified from the modern-day peerage. The feudal rights were gradually emasculated and, with the demise of the Scottish parliament in 1707, the right of feudal barons to sit in parliament ceased altogether, unless, that is, a feudal baron was also a Peer (Peerage rights are dealt with elsewhere). Feudal lordships were all but abolished by Act of Parliament in 1747, following the Jacobite rising. A feudal barony no longer carries any political power as such, although the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 has preserved the baronies themselves, and the quality, precedence and heraldic rights pertaining to these baronies. Between 1500 and 2000 feudal baronies may have been created, mostly in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, since only about 400 baronies are identified as existing in 1405. Because they fell into disuse, the substantiating paperwork for only a few hundred survives or has been identified. Burke's Landed Gentry for Scotland lists only about 130. A peer is invariably addressed as 'Lord Placename' or 'Lord Such-and-so', whilst those holding a feudal lordship are addressed 'Lord of Placename' or 'Placename' and feudal barons are addressed as 'Baron of Placename' or 'Placename'. A female feudal baron is usually referred to as 'Lady Placename'. The wife of a Lord receives the courtesy title 'Lady Placename', but the husband of a Lady, who holds a feudal barony in her own right, is just plain Mr. 'Surname'. Lords of regality, feudal lords, and feudal barons are not to be confused with a manorial lordship. (en) Definitionen av adel är i Skottland delvis olik den engelska. Genom ännu gällande och tillämpade förordningar av 1592 och 1672 är adelsbegreppet starkt knutet till innehav av lagligen registrerat sköldemärke. De heraldiska vapnen, som införes ("are immatriculated") i , är enligt skotsk adelsrätt "ensigns of nobility", yttre tecken på adelskap. En adelsperson, son eller dotter till en adelsman, har rätt att efter ansökan och erläggande av en avgift till brittiska statskassan få ett heraldiskt vapen. Detta utformas och registreras av Lord Lyon King of Arms, en hög ämbetsman till vilken monarken har delegerat sin rätt att bestämma över vapen och godkänna genealogier. En sökande som tillhör en redan vapenförande ätt (klan) eller andra "virtuous and well deserving person" som genom att bära klanhövdingens släktnamn är dennes "follower" får ett vapen som erinrar om hövdingens men i en individuell variant. Detta förhållande grundar sig i att ätten (klanen) i sig anses som adlig. En klanmedlem, till och med - för att tydliggöra genom ett extremt fiktivt exempel - en hertig eller lord av gammal familj, är i princip ur stånd att verkligen bevisa sitt adelskap utan ett av Lord Lyon erkänt och immatrikulerat vapen. Även personer som ej klart kan påvisa härstamning från en vapenförande anfader eller tillhörighet till en klan kan naturligtvis erhålla ett heraldiskt vapen såsom "förläning" ("grant") och detta blir då en nyskapelse. Ett vapen betraktas såsom ett immateriellt adlande län. Så som under medeltiden en konungs förläning av ett landområde kunde ge vasallen adlig rang ger den kungliga (med kunglig fullmakt givna) förläningen/vapnet, som då är ett immateriellt län, adelskap åt mottagaren. Vapnen är i Skottland ärftliga, med vissa tillagda så kallade brisyrer för yngre släktgrenar, så även på blodslinjer utom äktenskap och ibland även till adoptivbarn. Illegitima led upphäver alltså inte den adliga blodslinjen. Vapen och sålunda även adel kan ärvas via kvinnor. Utanför Skottland bosatta personer av skotsk härstamning kan erhålla vapenförläning, om de alltså är "virtuous and well deserving". Kronan har alltid förbehållit sig rätten att adla även utländska medborgare (det vill säga utan skotskt släktskap) men sådant är sällsynt förekommande. Lord Lyon är domare i i Edinburgh, en domstol. (sv) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.kilmarnock.com/ http://www.scotsbarons.org/index.htm http://www.baronage.co.uk/2003a/fbandml.pdf http://www.baronage.co.uk/2004b/Garioch.html |
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| rdfs:comment | A feudal lordship is a feudal title that is held in baroneum, which Latin term means that its holder, who is called a feudal lord, is also always a feudal baron. A feudal lordship is an ancient title of nobility. The holder may or may not be a Lord of Regality, which meant that the holder was appointed by the Crown and had the power of "pit and gallows", meaning the power to authorise the death sentence. Lords of regality, feudal lords, and feudal barons are not to be confused with a manorial lordship. (en) Definitionen av adel är i Skottland delvis olik den engelska. Genom ännu gällande och tillämpade förordningar av 1592 och 1672 är adelsbegreppet starkt knutet till innehav av lagligen registrerat sköldemärke. De heraldiska vapnen, som införes ("are immatriculated") i , är enligt skotsk adelsrätt "ensigns of nobility", yttre tecken på adelskap. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Scottish feudal lordship (en) Adel i Skottland (sv) |
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