Shangani Patrol (original) (raw)
Shangani Patrol, der Patrouillenritt zum Shangani, war Teil des im ehemaligen Rhodesien.
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| dbo:abstract | شانغاني باترول أو (ويلسون باترول) هي وحدة مؤلفة من 34 جنديًا من شركة جنوب إفريقيا البريطانية في عام 1893 تعرضت لكمين وتدمير من قبل أكثر من 3000 من محاربي ماتابيلي في روديسيا (زيمبابوي حاليًا) ، أثناء حرب ماتابيلي الأولى. برئاسة الرائد آلان ويلسون ، تعرضت الدورية لهجوم شمال في ماتابيليلاند ، روديسيا. خلفت موقفه الدرامي الأخير، حدث الذي يطلق عليه أحيانًا «وقفة ويلسون الأخيرة» ، مكانة بارزة في الخيال البريطاني العام، وبعد ذلك في تاريخ روديسيا ، على غرار أحداث مثل معركة شيروياما في اليابان ، ومعركة إل آلامو في تكساس و موقف اليونانيين الأخير في معركة ترموبيل. أرسلت الشركة 290 جنديًا على متنها (مشاة خيالة بدلاً من سلاح الفرسان الحقيقيين) إلى ماتابيلي. كان القادة الثلاثة الكبار هم الرائد فوربس والرائد آلان ويلسون والقائد بيتر راف. كان فوربس ضابطًا بريطانيًا منتظمًا وحصل على القيادة لكنه لم يكن يعرف سوى القليل عن حرب الأدغال الإفريقية وكان يقود معظمهم من المتطوعين وليس النظاميين. ترأت فرصة سانحة الرائد باتريك فوربس بعدما اكتشاف تحركات ملك ماتابيلي لوبنغولا شمالاً عبر نهر شانغاني مريضًا تمامًا لكن لا يزال لديه جيش كبير وقوي تاركاً خلفه أفضل قادته ، دونا ميجان مع قوة كبيرة لتأخير أو إن أمكن تدمير أي قوة مطاردة. اشتملت الدورية على عناصر من شرطة ماشونالاند الخيالة وشرطة الحدود في بيتشوانالاند عبر وحدة ويلسون الصغيرة نهر شانغاني في وقت متأخر من يوم 3 ديسمبر عام 1893. وهدفة للتحرك نحو لوبنغولا في صباح اليوم التالي للقبض عليه، ولكنها تعرضت لكمين من قبل مجموعة من رماه ماتابيلي ومحاربين قرب عربة الملك التي فاقتهم حوالي بمائة أضعاف، لم يفد انسحاب ثلاثة من رجال إلى نهر في طلب حشد من التعزيزات من الرائد باتريك فوربس. إلا انه ارتفع منسوب نهر شانغاني بشكل كبير بسبب الفيضانات حل دون ذلك، فوربس شارك نفسه في مناوشات بالقرب من الضفة الجنوبية للنهر؛ لذلك ظل ويلسون ورجاله معزولين في الشمال في صمود الأخيرة للقتال حتى آخر خرطوش ، قتلهم أكثر من عشرة أضعاف عددهم، تم إبادة الوحدة بكامل. كان أعضاء الدورية ، ولا سيما ويلسون والكابتن هنري بورو ، يرتقون إلى مرتبة الأبطال الوطنيين ، ويمثلون مجهودًا في مواجهة الصعاب التي لا يمكن التغلب عليها. أصبحت الذكرى السنوية للمعركة في 4 ديسمبر 1893 بعد ذلك بعامين ، وكان يومًا رسميًا بدون عمل حتى عام 1920. تم إنتاج فيلم حرب تاريخي يصور قصة حكاية العصبية لكتيبة من الجنود المتطوعين الذين يواجهون قوة جيش الملك لوبنغولا في روديسيا عام 1893.وتم إصداره في عام 1970. (ar) Shangani Patrol, der Patrouillenritt zum Shangani, war Teil des im ehemaligen Rhodesien. (de) La patrulla del río Shangani, también conocida como la patrulla de Wilson, fue una unidad de 34 soldados al servicio de la Compañía Británica de Sudáfrica que en 1893 fue emboscada y aniquilada por más de 3000 guerreros matabele en Matabelelandia —actual Zimbabue— durante la primera guerra matabele. Liderada por el mayor , la patrulla fue atacada al norte del . Su dramática última defensa, a veces llamada «la última defensa de Wilson», marcó la memoria cultural del Imperio británico y se convirtió en un evento fundacional en la historia nacional de Rodesia del Sur, donde fue considerado el equivalente a eventos como la batalla de Little Bighorn en Estados Unidos, la batalla de Shiroyama en Japón, la batalla de El Álamo en Texas, y la defensa de los griegos en las Termópilas. La patrulla estaba compuesta por elementos de la Policía Montada de Mashonalandia y la Policía de Fronteras de Bechuanalandia. (es) La patrouille de la Shangani, composée de 34 soldats au service de la British South Africa Company (« Compagnie britannique d'Afrique du Sud ») fut prise en embuscade et massacrée par plus de 3 000 guerriers matabélés durant la Première Guerre ndébélé en 1893. Menée par le major Allan Wilson, la patrouille fut attaquée juste au nord de la Shangani dans le Matabeleland en Rhodésie (actuel Zimbabwe). Son destin tragique marqua la mémoire culturelle de l'Empire britannique et devint un événement fondateur de l'histoire nationale de la Rhodésie du Sud où elle était considérée comme l'équivalent rhodésien du siège de Fort Alamo ou de la bataille de Little Big Horn aux États-Unis. Après la signature en 1888 de la concession Rudd par le roi Lobengula qui accordait des droits miniers à l'homme d'affaires Cecil Rhodes, les troupes de la Compagnie fondée par ce dernier commencèrent à envahir le Matabeleland. Lors de la bataille de la Shangani le 25 octobre 1893, les Matabélés subirent une grave défaite et Lobengula quitta son kraal royal de Bulawayo avant de s'enfuir vers le nord. Envoyée en reconnaissance à l'avant de la colonne principale du major Patrick Forbes qui tentait de capturer le monarque, la patrouille de Wilson, composée d'éléments de la police montée du Mashonaland et de la police frontalière du Bechuanaland, traversa la Shangani dans l'après-midi du 3 décembre 1893. Elle poursuivit sa progression le lendemain mais tomba dans une embuscade tendue par les fusiliers et les guerriers matabélés à proximité du chariot royal. Encerclée et combattant à un contre cent, la patrouille offrit une ultime résistance alors que trois hommes parvinrent à s'échapper et tentèrent d'obtenir l'aide de Forbes. Ce dernier devait cependant affronter une forte opposition près de la rive sud et Wilson et ses hommes restèrent donc isolés sur la rive nord. Après avoir épuisé toutes leurs munitions et tué près de dix fois leur nombre, ils furent tous tués. Les membres de la patrouille, en particulier Wilson et le capitaine Henry Borrow, devinrent des héros nationaux incarnant le courage face à des difficultés insurmontables. Le jour de la bataille devint un (en) en Rhodésie deux ans plus tard et le resta officiellement jusqu'en 1920. Un film historique relatant l'affrontement, (en), fut réalisé en 1970. Les circonstances entourant la percée avant le combat final que certains auteurs ont qualifié de désertion restent controversées de même que l'affirmation d'un inDuna (chef) matabélé selon laquelle il aurait remis une caisse de pièces en or à deux hommes non-identifiés de l'arrière-garde de Forbes le 2 décembre. Deux ordonnances furent reconnus coupables d'avoir accepté et gardé l'or mais les preuves contre eux étaient fragiles et les condamnations furent finalement annulées. (fr) The Shangani Patrol (or Wilson's Patrol) was a 34-soldier unit of the British South Africa Company that in 1893 was ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors in pre-Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), during the First Matabele War. Headed by Major Allan Wilson, the patrol was attacked just north of the Shangani River in Matabeleland, Rhodesia. Its dramatic last stand, sometimes called "Wilson's Last Stand", achieved a prominent place in the British public imagination and, subsequently, in Rhodesian history, similarly to events such as the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Battle of the Alamo in the United States. The patrol comprised elements of the Mashonaland Mounted Police and the Bechuanaland Border Police. Scouting ahead of Major Patrick Forbes's column attempting the capture of the Matabele King Lobengula (following his flight from his capital Bulawayo a month before), it crossed the Shangani late on 3 December 1893. It moved on Lobengula the next morning, but was ambushed by a host of Matabele riflemen and warriors near the king's wagon. Surrounded and outnumbered about a hundred-fold, the patrol made a last stand as three of its number broke out and rode back to the river to muster reinforcements from Forbes. However, the Shangani had risen significantly in flood, and Forbes was himself involved in a skirmish near the southern bank; Wilson and his men therefore remained isolated to the north. After fighting to the last cartridge, and killing over ten times their own number, they were annihilated. The patrol's members, particularly Wilson and Captain Henry Borrow, were elevated in death to the status of national heroes, representing endeavour in the face of insurmountable odds. The anniversary of the battle on 4 December 1893 became an annual public holiday in Rhodesia two years later, and was an official non-work day until 1920. A historical war film depicting the episode, Shangani Patrol, was produced and released in 1970. Controversy surrounds the breakout before the last stand—which various historians have posited might have actually been desertion—and a box of gold sovereigns, which a Matabele inDuna (leader) later said had been given to two unidentified men from Forbes's rear guard on 2 December, along with a message that Lobengula admitted defeat and wanted the column to stop pursuing him. Two batmen were initially found guilty of accepting the gold, keeping it for themselves and not passing on the message, but the evidence against them was inconclusive and largely circumstantial; the convictions were ultimately overturned. (en) Uma das batalhas mais notáveis da Primeira Guerra de Matabele em 1893 a Shangani Patrol foi uma patrulha de 34 soldados da Companhia Britânica da África do Sul que foram emboscados e aniquilados por mais de três mil guerreiros matabele. A patrula foi chefiada pelo major Allan Wilson e foi atacada ao norte do em Matabeleland na Rodésia (atual Zimbabwe). Sua teve lugar de destaque na imaginação do público britânico e, posteriormente na história da Rodésia, por se assemelhar a eventos similares como a Batalha do Álamo ou a nos Estados Unidos. Um dos três sobreviventes do grupo foi Frederick Russell Burnham, pai do movimento escoteiro internacional. A patrulha englobava forças das British South Africa Company's Police e da Bechuanaland Border Police. O grupo seguia a frente da coluna de que tentava a captura do Rei Lobengula (após a sua fuga da cidade de Bulawayo um mês antes), e cruzou o Rio Shangani na noite de 3 de dezembro de 1893. Eles seguiram adiante no dia seguinte mas foram emboscados por soldados Matabele com rifles e guerreiros. Cercados e em menor número numa proporção de cem inimigos para cada soldado, a patrulha se defendeu enquanto três soldados conseguiram voltar para pedir reforços a Forbes. Entretanto, Forbes estava envolvido em uma luta ao Sul do rio, ficando Wilson e seus homens isolados ao norte. Após lutarem até o último cartucho e matando dez vezes seu próprio número de homens, eles foram aniquilados. Os membros da patrulha, particularmente Wilson e Captain Henry Borrow, foram elevados após ao status de heróis nacionais, representando o empenho diante de insuperáveis dificuldades. O aniversário da batalha tornou-se feriado na Rodésia dois anos depois. Um filme de guerra retratando o evento, , foi produzido em 1970. (pt) |
| dbo:causalties | ~400–500 killed |
| dbo:combatant | British South Africa Company Matabele Kingdom |
| dbo:date | 1893-12-04 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:First_Matabele_War |
| dbo:place | dbr:Matabeleland dbr:Southern_Rhodesia dbr:Shangani_River |
| dbo:result | Matabelevictory |
| dbo:strength | 37 ~3,000 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Shangani_Patrol,_Allan_Stewart.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:alt | A black-and-white portrait photograph of a blond-haired white man in military uniform. He has a well-groomed moustache, bright eyes, sharply cut hair and a row of medals on his chest. (en) A black-and-white portrait of a white gentleman in a dark suit, a carnation prominent in his buttonhole. He has a square jawline and a handlebar moustache. (en) A black-and-white portrait photograph of a middle-aged European man in a dark suit. He has closely cut dark hair, and is cleanly shaven apart from a magnificent moustache, which covers most of his mouth as well as most of his cheeks. (en) A black-and-white sketch depicting a Southern African battle fought amid long grass in a thick wood. The image focuses on two figures in the foreground: a white soldier on horseback and a black warrior on foot . The white man has apparently just fired his rifle at the warrior, who is thrown back in his stride by the shot, his spear falling from his right hand. More soldiers and warriors can be seen in the background. (en) |
| dbp:caption | There Were No Survivors, an 1896 depiction of the patrol's last stand, by Allan Stewart (en) Chief of Scouts Frederick Russell Burnham in 1901, during the Second Boer War (en) Captain Henry Borrow headed the reinforcements. (en) Major Allan Wilson led the Shangani Patrol. (en) An 1895 sketch, portraying a scene from the battle. Burnham kills a Matabele warrior. (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 34 (xsd:integer) ~400–500 killed (en) |
| dbp:combatant | dbr:British_South_Africa_Company Matabele Kingdom (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Shangani Patrol (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-12-04 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:image | Allan wilson.jpg (en) Henry Borrow.jpg (en) Major Frederick Russell Burnham DSO 1901.jpg (en) Shangani patrol burnham 1893.jpg (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the First Matabele War (en) |
| dbp:place | North of the Shangani River, Matabeleland, Southern Rhodesia (en) |
| dbp:result | Matabele victory (en) |
| dbp:strength | 37 (xsd:integer) ~3,000 (en) |
| dbp:width | 110 (xsd:integer) 114 (xsd:integer) 159 (xsd:integer) 163 (xsd:integer) |
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| rdfs:comment | Shangani Patrol, der Patrouillenritt zum Shangani, war Teil des im ehemaligen Rhodesien. (de) شانغاني باترول أو (ويلسون باترول) هي وحدة مؤلفة من 34 جنديًا من شركة جنوب إفريقيا البريطانية في عام 1893 تعرضت لكمين وتدمير من قبل أكثر من 3000 من محاربي ماتابيلي في روديسيا (زيمبابوي حاليًا) ، أثناء حرب ماتابيلي الأولى. برئاسة الرائد آلان ويلسون ، تعرضت الدورية لهجوم شمال في ماتابيليلاند ، روديسيا. خلفت موقفه الدرامي الأخير، حدث الذي يطلق عليه أحيانًا «وقفة ويلسون الأخيرة» ، مكانة بارزة في الخيال البريطاني العام، وبعد ذلك في تاريخ روديسيا ، على غرار أحداث مثل معركة شيروياما في اليابان ، ومعركة إل آلامو في تكساس و موقف اليونانيين الأخير في معركة ترموبيل. (ar) La patrulla del río Shangani, también conocida como la patrulla de Wilson, fue una unidad de 34 soldados al servicio de la Compañía Británica de Sudáfrica que en 1893 fue emboscada y aniquilada por más de 3000 guerreros matabele en Matabelelandia —actual Zimbabue— durante la primera guerra matabele. Liderada por el mayor , la patrulla fue atacada al norte del . Su dramática última defensa, a veces llamada «la última defensa de Wilson», marcó la memoria cultural del Imperio británico y se convirtió en un evento fundacional en la historia nacional de Rodesia del Sur, donde fue considerado el equivalente a eventos como la batalla de Little Bighorn en Estados Unidos, la batalla de Shiroyama en Japón, la batalla de El Álamo en Texas, y la defensa de los griegos en las Termópilas. (es) The Shangani Patrol (or Wilson's Patrol) was a 34-soldier unit of the British South Africa Company that in 1893 was ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors in pre-Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), during the First Matabele War. Headed by Major Allan Wilson, the patrol was attacked just north of the Shangani River in Matabeleland, Rhodesia. Its dramatic last stand, sometimes called "Wilson's Last Stand", achieved a prominent place in the British public imagination and, subsequently, in Rhodesian history, similarly to events such as the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Battle of the Alamo in the United States. (en) La patrouille de la Shangani, composée de 34 soldats au service de la British South Africa Company (« Compagnie britannique d'Afrique du Sud ») fut prise en embuscade et massacrée par plus de 3 000 guerriers matabélés durant la Première Guerre ndébélé en 1893. Menée par le major Allan Wilson, la patrouille fut attaquée juste au nord de la Shangani dans le Matabeleland en Rhodésie (actuel Zimbabwe). Son destin tragique marqua la mémoire culturelle de l'Empire britannique et devint un événement fondateur de l'histoire nationale de la Rhodésie du Sud où elle était considérée comme l'équivalent rhodésien du siège de Fort Alamo ou de la bataille de Little Big Horn aux États-Unis. (fr) Uma das batalhas mais notáveis da Primeira Guerra de Matabele em 1893 a Shangani Patrol foi uma patrulha de 34 soldados da Companhia Britânica da África do Sul que foram emboscados e aniquilados por mais de três mil guerreiros matabele. A patrula foi chefiada pelo major Allan Wilson e foi atacada ao norte do em Matabeleland na Rodésia (atual Zimbabwe). Sua teve lugar de destaque na imaginação do público britânico e, posteriormente na história da Rodésia, por se assemelhar a eventos similares como a Batalha do Álamo ou a nos Estados Unidos. Um dos três sobreviventes do grupo foi Frederick Russell Burnham, pai do movimento escoteiro internacional. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | دورية شانغاني (ar) Shangani Patrol (en) Shangani Patrol (de) Patrulla del río Shangani (es) Patrouille de la Shangani (fr) Shangani Patrol (pt) |
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| geo:lat | -18.796944 (xsd:float) |
| geo:long | 28.227777 (xsd:float) |
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| foaf:name | Shangani Patrol (en) |
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