Sharifian Army (original) (raw)
الجيش الشريفي المعروف أيضا باسم الجيش العربي أو الجيش الحجازي وهو الجيش العربي الرئيسي خلال الثورة العربية التي كانت جزءا من مسرح الشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الأولى وذلك بقيادة الشريف الحسين بن علي ملك مملكة الحجاز، الذي أصبح «ملك العرب» في عام 1916، وقاد الجيش الشريفي في ثورة ضد الدولة العثمانية بهدف نهائي هو توحيد العرب في ظل حكومة مستقلة عن الدولة العثمانية، وذلك بمساعدة بريطانيا ماليا وعسكريا، حيث تحركت قوات الشريف حُسين تدريجيا شمالا عبر الحجاز، وقاتلت إلى جانب قوة التجريدة المصرية التي تسيطر عليها بريطانيا، واستولوا في نهاية المطاف على دمشق وبمجرد الوصول إلى هناك، أقام أفراد من الجيش الشريفي نظامًا ملكيًا قصير الأجل بقيادة الأمير فيصل، نجل الشريف حُسين.
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| dbo:abstract | الجيش الشريفي المعروف أيضا باسم الجيش العربي أو الجيش الحجازي وهو الجيش العربي الرئيسي خلال الثورة العربية التي كانت جزءا من مسرح الشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الأولى وذلك بقيادة الشريف الحسين بن علي ملك مملكة الحجاز، الذي أصبح «ملك العرب» في عام 1916، وقاد الجيش الشريفي في ثورة ضد الدولة العثمانية بهدف نهائي هو توحيد العرب في ظل حكومة مستقلة عن الدولة العثمانية، وذلك بمساعدة بريطانيا ماليا وعسكريا، حيث تحركت قوات الشريف حُسين تدريجيا شمالا عبر الحجاز، وقاتلت إلى جانب قوة التجريدة المصرية التي تسيطر عليها بريطانيا، واستولوا في نهاية المطاف على دمشق وبمجرد الوصول إلى هناك، أقام أفراد من الجيش الشريفي نظامًا ملكيًا قصير الأجل بقيادة الأمير فيصل، نجل الشريف حُسين. (ar) L'armée chérifienne (en arabe : الجيش الشريفي ), également connue sous le nom d'armée arabe (en arabe : الجيش العربي ), ou d'armée Hedjazi (en arabe : الجيش الحجازي ) est la force militaire derrière la Grande révolte arabe qui fait partie du théâtre moyen-oriental de la Première Guerre mondiale. Le Chérif Hussein Ibn Ali du Royaume du Hejaz, qui est proclamé "Roi des Arabes" en 1916, dirige l'armée chérifienne dans une rébellion contre l'Empire ottoman dans le but ultime d'unir le peuple arabe sous un gouvernement indépendant. Aidées à la fois financièrement et militairement par les Britanniques, les forces de Hussein se déplacent progressivement vers le nord à travers le Hedjaz et, combattent aux côtés du Corps expéditionnaire égyptien sous contrôle britannique, jusqu'à finalement capturer Damas, puis Alep. Une fois là-bas, les membres de l'armée chérifienne mettent en place une monarchie de courte durée connue sous le nom de Royaume arabe de Syrie dirigée par Fayçal, le fils du Chérif Hussein qui a en charge les opérations militaires de l'Armée pendant toute la durée de la guerre. (fr) The Sharifian Army (Arabic: الجيش الشريفي), also known as the Arab Army (Arabic: الجيش العربي), or the Hejazi Army (Arabic: الجيش الحجازي) was the military force behind the Arab Revolt which was a part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Sharif Hussein Ibn Ali of the Kingdom of Hejaz, who was proclaimed "Sultan of the Arabs" in 1916, led the Sharifian Army in a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire with the ultimate goal of uniting the Arab people under an independent government. Aided both financially and militarily by the British, Husayn's forces gradually moved north through the Hejaz and, fought alongside the British-controlled Egyptian Expeditionary Force, eventually capturing Damascus. Once there, members of the Sharifian Army set up a short-lived monarchy known as the Arab Kingdom of Syria led by Faisal, a son of Sharif Husayn. (en) L'esercito sceriffiano (o sceriffano) fu il nome dato a una formazione di ufficiali arabi che servì nelle forze armate dell'Impero ottomano e che era il più autorevole fautore della rivolta araba nella prima guerra mondiale. Esso giocò un ruolo politico di assoluta importanza nella politica irachena fino alla rivoluzione del 1958. Molti di questi ufficiali provenivano dalla società segreta al-'Ahd, che - con la consorella organizzazione clandestina denominata al-Fatah (non a caso significava "La giovane") - aveva subito l'influenza del movimento dei Giovani Turchi, favorevoli a un nazionalismo secolarizzato e a una modernizzazione di stampo occidentale. Esso voleva l'indipendenza del mondo arabo e una profonda trasformazione sociale, che ritenevano dovesse essere guidata dall'esterno del mondo arabo. Molti di questi ufficiali erano arabi sunniti, appartenenti alla borghesia e alla piccola borghesia, mentre una piccola percentuale proveniva dalle classi più povere. Un gran numero di "ufficiali sceriffani" combatté nella rivolta araba e più tardi raggiunse Faysal in Siria e in Iraq. Una certa aliquota fra costoro occupò ruoli politici e militari di rilievo in Iraq, inclusi Nuri al-Said, , Jamil al-Midfa'i, e . Essi svolsero un ruolo fondamentale nel chiedere che Faysal diventasse Re dell'Iraq e ne formarono la base più leale e affidabile di potere. Appoggiarono la richiesta di Faysal che il Mandato britannico fosse sostituito da un Trattato di amicizia e alleanza: una posizione che li avvicinò molto agli oppositori nazionalisti e religioni dei britannici. Ricevettero consensi da parte della comunità sciita (maggioritaria in Iraq), che appoggiò il loro sforzo di dotare il Paese di un forte apparato militare, tanto da far paragonare l'Iraq alla Prussia o al Piemonte da parte di alcuni studiosi, anche occidentali, dell'epoca. Quando Nuri al-Sa'id formò nel 1930 il suo primo governo, cinque dei sei posti di ministro furono affidati a ufficiali del cosiddetto "Esercito sceriffiano". L'influenza di questi ufficiali si rafforzò quando il ruolo del Palazzo nelle questioni politiche irachene declinò, come conseguenza della morte di Faysal nel 1933. Gli "ufficiali sceriffani" cominciarono a interferire sempre più direttamente nella politica, avviando una deriva autoritaria che avrebbe preso piede in quasi tutto il mondo arabo nel corso dell'intero XX secolo. Erano sceriffaniBakr Sidqi e ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Nūrī, due degli ufficiali che condussero a buon fine il primo colpo di Stato militare in Iraq (e di tutto il mondo arabo) nel 1936, e i quattro ufficiali del cosiddetto "quadrato d'oro", che guidò il colpo di Stato iracheno nel 1941.Dopo che il Regno Unito stroncò nel sangue la resistenza irachena e del Primo Ministro Rashid Ali al-Kaylani nella guerra anglo-irachena del 1941, molti degli "ufficiali sceriffani" intrecciarono stretti rapporti con il Regno Unito. Numerosi fra loro acquisirono così vasti latifondi, come pure sostanziose partecipazioni negli assetti dirigenziali di importanti società e compagnie economiche e finanziarie che operavano in Iraq, ottenendo sempre maggior peso politico nel loro Paese fin quando la rivoluzione del 14 luglio del 1958 del generale ʿAbd al-Karīm Qāsim (Kassem) abbatté nel sangue la monarchia hascemita, mettendo fine anche al loro potere. (it) |
| dbo:activeYearsEndYear | 1925-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:activeYearsStartYear | 1916-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
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| dbo:garrison | dbr:Mecca dbr:Jeddah dbr:Taif |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/030Arab.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.pbs.org/lawrenceofarabia/revolt/index.html https://web.archive.org/web/20100102152102/http:/www.turkeyswar.com/campaigns/arabia.htm http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_arabrevolt.html |
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| dbp:caption | Soldiers of the Sharifian Army in northern Yanbu carrying the Flag of the Arab Revolt. (en) |
| dbp:dates | 1916 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:disbanded | 1925 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:garrison | dbr:Mecca Jeddah (en) Taif (en) |
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| dbp:nativeName | الجيش الشريفي (en) |
| dbp:nickname | Arab Army (en) Hejazi Army (en) |
| dbp:unitName | Sharifian Army (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Force |
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| rdfs:comment | الجيش الشريفي المعروف أيضا باسم الجيش العربي أو الجيش الحجازي وهو الجيش العربي الرئيسي خلال الثورة العربية التي كانت جزءا من مسرح الشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الأولى وذلك بقيادة الشريف الحسين بن علي ملك مملكة الحجاز، الذي أصبح «ملك العرب» في عام 1916، وقاد الجيش الشريفي في ثورة ضد الدولة العثمانية بهدف نهائي هو توحيد العرب في ظل حكومة مستقلة عن الدولة العثمانية، وذلك بمساعدة بريطانيا ماليا وعسكريا، حيث تحركت قوات الشريف حُسين تدريجيا شمالا عبر الحجاز، وقاتلت إلى جانب قوة التجريدة المصرية التي تسيطر عليها بريطانيا، واستولوا في نهاية المطاف على دمشق وبمجرد الوصول إلى هناك، أقام أفراد من الجيش الشريفي نظامًا ملكيًا قصير الأجل بقيادة الأمير فيصل، نجل الشريف حُسين. (ar) The Sharifian Army (Arabic: الجيش الشريفي), also known as the Arab Army (Arabic: الجيش العربي), or the Hejazi Army (Arabic: الجيش الحجازي) was the military force behind the Arab Revolt which was a part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Sharif Hussein Ibn Ali of the Kingdom of Hejaz, who was proclaimed "Sultan of the Arabs" in 1916, led the Sharifian Army in a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire with the ultimate goal of uniting the Arab people under an independent government. Aided both financially and militarily by the British, Husayn's forces gradually moved north through the Hejaz and, fought alongside the British-controlled Egyptian Expeditionary Force, eventually capturing Damascus. Once there, members of the Sharifian Army set up a short-lived monarchy known as the Arab (en) L'esercito sceriffiano (o sceriffano) fu il nome dato a una formazione di ufficiali arabi che servì nelle forze armate dell'Impero ottomano e che era il più autorevole fautore della rivolta araba nella prima guerra mondiale. Esso giocò un ruolo politico di assoluta importanza nella politica irachena fino alla rivoluzione del 1958. Molti di questi ufficiali provenivano dalla società segreta al-'Ahd, che - con la consorella organizzazione clandestina denominata al-Fatah (non a caso significava "La giovane") - aveva subito l'influenza del movimento dei Giovani Turchi, favorevoli a un nazionalismo secolarizzato e a una modernizzazione di stampo occidentale. (it) L'armée chérifienne (en arabe : الجيش الشريفي ), également connue sous le nom d'armée arabe (en arabe : الجيش العربي ), ou d'armée Hedjazi (en arabe : الجيش الحجازي ) est la force militaire derrière la Grande révolte arabe qui fait partie du théâtre moyen-oriental de la Première Guerre mondiale. Le Chérif Hussein Ibn Ali du Royaume du Hejaz, qui est proclamé "Roi des Arabes" en 1916, dirige l'armée chérifienne dans une rébellion contre l'Empire ottoman dans le but ultime d'unir le peuple arabe sous un gouvernement indépendant. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Sharifian Army (en) الجيش الشريفي (ar) Armée chérifienne (fr) Esercito sceriffiano (it) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Sharifian Army wikidata:Sharifian Army dbpedia-ar:Sharifian Army dbpedia-fr:Sharifian Army dbpedia-it:Sharifian Army http://lt.dbpedia.org/resource/Hidžazo_armija https://global.dbpedia.org/id/3aHko |
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| foaf:name | Sharifian Army (en) |
| foaf:nick | Arab Army (en) Hejazi Army (en) |
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