| dbo:abstract |
Sugars in wine are at the heart of what makes winemaking possible. During the process of fermentation, sugars from wine grapes are broken down and converted by yeast into alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. Grapes accumulate sugars as they grow on the grapevine through the translocation of sucrose molecules that are produced by photosynthesis from the leaves. During ripening the sucrose molecules are hydrolyzed (separated) by the enzyme invertase into glucose and fructose. By the time of harvest, between 15 and 25% of the grape will be composed of simple sugars. Both glucose and fructose are six-carbon sugars but three-, four-, five- and seven-carbon sugars are also present in the grape. Not all sugars are fermentable, with sugars like the five-carbon arabinose, rhamnose and xylose still being present in the wine after fermentation. Very high sugar content will effectively kill the yeast once a certain (high) alcohol content is reached. For these reasons, no wine is ever fermented completely "dry" (meaning without any residual sugar). Sugar's role in dictating the final alcohol content of the wine (and such its resulting body and "mouth-feel") sometimes encourages winemakers to add sugar (usually sucrose) during winemaking in a process known as chaptalization solely in order to boost the alcohol content – chaptalization does not increase the sweetness of a wine. (en) ワインは、ワイン用のブドウに含まれる糖によって製造が可能になる。発酵の間に糖は酵母によってエタノールと二酸化炭素に変換される。 ブドウは、葉で光合成により作られたスクロース分子を成長につれて果実に蓄積させる。果実が熟す間、スクロース分子はインベルターゼの作用により、グルコースとフルクトースに加水分解される。収穫時には、15-25%が単糖になっている。グルコースもフルクトースもどちらも六炭糖であるが、炭素数3、4、5、7の糖もブドウ果実中に存在する。発酵後もワイン中に残っているアラビノース、ラムノース、キシロース等の五炭糖の様に、全ての糖が発酵可能なわけではない。アルコール濃度がある程度に達すると、非常に高い濃度の糖で効率的に酵母を殺すことができる。これらの理由から、完全に「ドライ」なワインは存在しない。ワインの最終的なアルコール度数影響を与える糖の役割から、補糖（シャプタリゼーション）と呼ばれる過程で糖（通常はスクロース）を加える醸造家もいる。これは、アルコール度数を高めることが目的であり、補糖によってワインの甘味が増すことはない。 (ja) |
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| rdfs:comment |
ワインは、ワイン用のブドウに含まれる糖によって製造が可能になる。発酵の間に糖は酵母によってエタノールと二酸化炭素に変換される。 ブドウは、葉で光合成により作られたスクロース分子を成長につれて果実に蓄積させる。果実が熟す間、スクロース分子はインベルターゼの作用により、グルコースとフルクトースに加水分解される。収穫時には、15-25%が単糖になっている。グルコースもフルクトースもどちらも六炭糖であるが、炭素数3、4、5、7の糖もブドウ果実中に存在する。発酵後もワイン中に残っているアラビノース、ラムノース、キシロース等の五炭糖の様に、全ての糖が発酵可能なわけではない。アルコール濃度がある程度に達すると、非常に高い濃度の糖で効率的に酵母を殺すことができる。これらの理由から、完全に「ドライ」なワインは存在しない。ワインの最終的なアルコール度数影響を与える糖の役割から、補糖（シャプタリゼーション）と呼ばれる過程で糖（通常はスクロース）を加える醸造家もいる。これは、アルコール度数を高めることが目的であり、補糖によってワインの甘味が増すことはない。 (ja) Sugars in wine are at the heart of what makes winemaking possible. During the process of fermentation, sugars from wine grapes are broken down and converted by yeast into alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. Grapes accumulate sugars as they grow on the grapevine through the translocation of sucrose molecules that are produced by photosynthesis from the leaves. During ripening the sucrose molecules are hydrolyzed (separated) by the enzyme invertase into glucose and fructose. By the time of harvest, between 15 and 25% of the grape will be composed of simple sugars. Both glucose and fructose are six-carbon sugars but three-, four-, five- and seven-carbon sugars are also present in the grape. Not all sugars are fermentable, with sugars like the five-carbon arabinose, rhamnose and xylose still (en) |
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ワインの糖 (ja) Sugars in wine (en) |
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