Herodian Tetrarchy (original) (raw)
Tetrarkhi Yudea (bahasa Inggris: Tetrarchy of Judea, Herodian Tetrarchies) adalah pembagian wilayah kerajaan Yudea setelah matinya raja Herodes Agung pada tahun 4 SM (atau 1 SM), ketika kerajaannya dibagi di antara putra-putranya sebagai warisan.
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| dbo:abstract | Herodovská tetrarchie bylo krátkodobé uspořádání Judeje po smrti Heroda Velikého od roku 4 př. n. l. do 44 n. l., vzniklé poté, co si jeho Judské království mezi sebe rozdělilo několik rodinných příslušníků . Po Herodově smrti následovaly nástupnické spory a zpochybňování Herodovy závěti. Římané však závěť potvrdili, takže si Herodovo království mezi sebe rozdělili Herodes Filip (tetrarcha 4 př. n. l. – 33/34 n. l., okrajové oblasti v Sýrii), Herodes Antipas (tetrarcha 4 př. n. l. – 39 n. l., Galilea a Perea), největší část Herodes Archelaos (etnarcha 4 př. n. l. – 6 n. l., Judsko, Samařsko, Idumea) a na své si přišla i Herodova sestra , která se stala královnou nad Javne, Paralií a jižní Pereou. Deset měst se na západním břehu Jordánu zcela osamostatnilo a vytvořilo sdružení Dekapolis. (cs) نشأ الحكم الرباعي الهيرودي بعد وفاة هيرودس الكبير في 4 قبل الميلاد، عندما قُسمَّت مملكته بين أبنائه هيرودس أرخيلاوس بلقب صاحب العرش، وهيرودوس أنتيباس وهيرودس فيلبس الثاني كرباعين في الميراث، في حين أن شقيقة هيرود سالومي حكمت يفنه لفترة قصيرة. عندما خُلِع هيرود أرخيلاوس في 6 م، تحوّلت أراضيه (يهودا والسامرة وإدوميا) إلى مقاطعة رومانية. مع وفاة سالومي في 10م، أُلحِقت مناطق نفوذها أيضًا في المقاطعة. ومع ذلك، استمرت أجزاء أخرى تابعة للحكم الرباعي الهيردي تحت حكمهم. وهكذا، حكم هيرودس فيليب الثاني باتانيا وحوران حتى 34م (ثمّ أُلحقَت مناطق نفوذه فيما بعد بمقاطعة سوريا)، في حين حكم هيرود أنتيباس الجليل وبيريا حتى 34 قبل الميلاد. كان آخر حاكم بارز من السلالة الهيرودية مع مستوى ما من الاستقلال هو هيرودس أغريباس الأوّل، الذي مُنَح مقاطعة يهودا، على الرغم من وفاته في 44م، استعيد وضع مقاطعة يهودا إلى الأبد. في وقت لاحق حكم آخر أفراد السلالة الهيرودية هيرودس أوف خالكيذا، أريستوبولوس، وأغريباس الثاني مملكة خالكيس، وهي دولة تابعة للإمبراطورية الرومانية. مات أغريباس الثاني دون أن ينجب أطفال، وبالتالي ألحقت خاليكس ضمن مقاطعة سوريا. (ar) Η Ηρώδεια Τετραρχία διαμορφώθηκε μετά το θάνατο του Ηρώδη του Μεγάλου το 4 π.Χ., όταν το βασίλειό του διαιρέθηκε μεταξύ των γιων του, Ηρώδη Αρχέλαου, Ηρώδη Αντίπα και Φιλίππου, ενώ η αδελφή του Ηρώδη, Σαλώμη Α', κυβέρνησε για σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα την περιοχή της Ιαμνίας. Με την κατάλυση του Ηρώδη Αρχέλαου το 6 μ.Χ., τα εδάφη του (Ιουδαία, Σαμάρεια και Ιδουμαία) μετατράπηκαν στη ρωμαϊκή επαρχία της Ιουδαίας. Με το θάνατο της Σαλώμης το 10 μ.Χ., η επικράτειά της ενσωματώθηκε επίσης στην επαρχία. Ωστόσο, άλλα τμήματα της Ηρωδικής Τετραρχίας συνέχισαν να λειτουργούν υπό την Ηρωδιανή Δυναστεία. Έτσι, ο Φίλιππος ο Τετράρχης κυβέρνησε τη και την , καθώς και την Αουρανίτιδα μέχρι το 34 μ.Χ. (ο τομέας του αργότερα ενσωματώθηκε στην επαρχία της Συρίας), ενώ ο Ηρώδης Αντίπας κυβέρνησε τη Γαλιλαία και την Περαία έως το 39 μ.Χ. Ο τελευταίος αξιοσημείωτος κυβερνήτης της δυναστείας με κάποιο επίπεδο ανεξαρτησίας ήταν ο Ηρώδης Αγρίππας Α', ο οποίος είχε ακόμη και την επαρχία της Ιουδαίας, αν και με το θάνατό του το 44 μ.Χ., το επαρχιακό καθεστώς της Ιουδαίας αποκαταστάθηκε για πάντα. Μεταγενέστεροι Ηρωδιανοί, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του Ηρώδη της Χαλκίδας, του Αριστοβούλου της Χαλκίδας και του Ηρώδη Αγρίππα Β΄, που ήταν κι ο τελευταίος της δυναστείας, είχαν το δικαίωμα να κυβερνήσουν το , ένα ρωμαϊκό υποτελές κράτος. Ο Αγρίππας Β' πέθανε άτεκνος και έτσι η Χαλκίδα ενσωματώθηκε στην επαρχία της Συρίας. (el) Die Herodianische Tetrarchie war ein tetrarchisches Regierungssystem, das nach dem Tod Herodes’ des Großen im Jahr 4 v. Chr. in Palästina eingeführt wurde. Nach dem Tod des Herodes im Jahr 4 v. Chr. wurde sein Reich von Augustus unter seinen Söhnen Herodes Antipas (Galiläa und Peräa), Herodes Archelaos (Judäa und Samaria) und Herodes Philippos (Ituräa, Golan, Trachonitis) aufgeteilt. Nach dem Tod des Herodes Philippos 34 n. Chr., der kinderlos blieb, gelangte sein Gebiet durch Schenkung zunächst an die römische Verwaltung in Syrien, später ebenso wie das Gebiet des Herodes Antipas nach dessen Verbannung 39 n. Chr. an Herodes Agrippa I., einen Enkel Herodes’ des Großen. Das Gebiet des Herodes Archelaos gelangte nach dessen Verbannung bereits 6 n. Chr. unter römische Verwaltung. Die römischen Präfekten waren dem Legaten von Syrien unterstellt (vgl. Listen der römischen Statthalter in Judäa und Syrien). Herodes Agrippa I. übernahm ab 41 n. Chr. auch deren Gebiet. (de) The Herodian Tetrarchy was formed following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE, when his kingdom was divided between his sons Herod Archelaus as ethnarch, Herod Antipas and Philip as tetrarchs in inheritance, while Herod's sister Salome I briefly ruled a toparchy of Jamnia. Upon the deposition of Herod Archelaus in 6 CE, his territories (Judea, Samaria and Idumea) were transformed into a Roman province. With the death of Salome I in 10 CE, her domain was also incorporated into the province. However, other parts of the Herodian Tetrarchy continued to function under Herodians. Thus, Philip ruled over territories north and east of the Jordan River (namely, Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis and Paneas) until 34 CE (his domain later being incorporated into the Province of Syria), while Herod Antipas ruled Galilee and Perea until 39 CE. The last notable Herodian ruler with some level of independence was Herod Agrippa I, who was even granted the title of king and the territory of a province Judea with Jerusalem, though with his death in 44 CE, the provincial status of Judea was restored for good. Later Herodians, Herod of Chalcis, Aristobulus of Chalcis and Agrippa II, reigned over territories outside of Judea with the title of King as Roman clients. The last of them, Agrippa II, died childless in c. 100 CE and thus all territories previously ruled by members of the Herodian dynasty were incorporated into the province of Syria. (en) La tétrarchie d'Hérode ou tétrarchie de Judée a été formée à la suite de la mort de Hérode le Grand en 4 avant notre ère, lorsque son royaume fut divisé en héritage entre ses fils Hérode Archélaos en tant que ethnarque, Hérode Antipas et Hérode Philippe II en tant que tétrarques. La sœur d'Hérode Salomé Ire devint quant à elle toparque de Jamnia. La Judée, partie principale de la tétrarchie, fut transformée par Rome en l'an 6 après J.-C. en Province de Judée, constituée de la Judée proprement dite, de la Samarie et de l'Idumée. Avec la mort de Salomé Ire en 10 après J.-C., son domaine fut également intégré à la nouvelle province de Judée. Malgré la domination romaine, Hérode Philippe II continua à gouverner la Batanée, la Trachonitide, ainsi que l'Auranitide jusqu'en 34 après J.-C. (son domaine étant plus tard incorporé à la Province de Syrie), tandis que Hérode Antipas dirigea la Galilée et la Pérée jusqu'en 39 après J.-C. Le dernier souverain hérodien notable doté d'un certain degré d'indépendance fut Agrippa Ier. Ce dernier devint même roi de Judée de 41 après J.-C. jusqu'à à sa mort en 44. Par la suite, les hérodiens Hérode de Chalcis, Agrippa II, Aristobule de Chalcis puis à nouveau Agrippa II gouvernèrent le Royaume de Chalcis. La mort sans descendance d'Agrippa II entraîna l'incorporation du royaume dans la Province de Syrie en 93. (fr) Tetrarkhi Yudea (bahasa Inggris: Tetrarchy of Judea, Herodian Tetrarchies) adalah pembagian wilayah kerajaan Yudea setelah matinya raja Herodes Agung pada tahun 4 SM (atau 1 SM), ketika kerajaannya dibagi di antara putra-putranya sebagai warisan. (in) 헤로데 사두왕국은 기원전 4년 헤로데 1세의 서거 이후 형성되었는데, 그의 왕국은 사두정치로 상속되었다. 그의 아들 헤로데 아르켈라오스, 헤로데 안티파스, 헤로데 빌립보로 나뉘었고, 헤로데의 누이 살로메 1세는 곧 얌니아 지방을 통치했다. 기원전 6년 헤로데 아르켈라오스가 퇴위하자 그의 영토(유다, 사마리아, 에돔)는 로마의 속주로 탈바꿈했다. 기원후10년에 살로메 1세가 사망함에 따라, 그녀의 영역도 그 지방에 편입되었다. (ko) Tetrarquia de Herodes é o nome geralmente dado ao sistema de governo que se criou nos domínios de Herodes, o Grande depois de sua morte em 4 a.C. Ele deixou disposto em testamento o que pretendia fosse feito do reino que conquistara e governara com mão de ferro. Segundo sua vontade, o reino seria dividido entre três dos quatro filhos que ainda estavam vivos: * Herodes Arquelau seria rei da Judeia (incluindo Samaria e Idumeia) * Herodes Antipas seria tetrarca da Galileia (incluindo a Pereia) * Filipe seria tetrarca da (incluindo Galianítida, Batanéia, Auralnitis e Panéia). O outro filho sobrevivente, Herodes Filipe, que vivia em Roma, foi ignorado na partilha. Mas essas disposições tinham que ser referendadas pelo imperador romano. Por isso, os três herdeiros trataram de viajar para a capital do Império, a fim de defender seus interesses. Filipe e Antipas logo partiram, mas Arquelau ficou retido em Jerusalém, devido a um levante popular que explodiu tão logo se anunciou a morte de seu pai. Aproveitando-se da situação, ao chegar a Roma, o ardiloso Antipas tentou conquistar para si a dignidade real, distribuindo valiosos presentes entre os senadores e impugnando a candidatura de seu irmão. Quando Arquelau afinal também chegou, deparou-se com essa situação e com mais uma outra, não menos grave. Uma delegação de abastados membros da elite de Jerusalém, apoiada por outros judeus que moravam na Itália, propunha a pura e simples abolição da monarquia e o estabelecimento de um governo romano direto sobre a Judeia. Para sustentar sua proposta, a delegação queixava-se da forma tirânica como o povo fora tratado por Herodes e haveria de continuar a sê-lo sob o jugo de seus herdeiros. A sentença de Augusto ignorou os desejos da delegação judaica, mas promoveu algumas alterações no testamento de Herodes, decretando que: * Arquelau seria reconhecido apenas como etnarca da Judeia, com a promessa de vir a receber a coroa caso se mostrasse merecedor da realeza. * As tetrarquia de Arquelau e Filipe seriam mantidas conforme o disposto por Herodes. * As cidades de Gaza, Gadara e Hippos, que Augusto dera a Herodes, tornar-se-iam comunidades urbanas auto-governadas, reportando-se ao governador da província da Síria. A maneira inábil como Arquelau cuidara do motim em Jerusalém, evidenciara seu despreparo para o exercício do poder. De fato, nos dez anos em que governou a Judeia, seu despotismo forneceu abundantes motivos para que uma nova delegação renovasse, junto ao Imperador, a proposta feita no passado. E, dessa vez, Augusto concordou. Arquelau foi deposto e banido para a Gália (6 d.C.), tornando-se a Judeia uma província imperial. Até 41 a província foi administrada por um Prefeito (praefectus), subordinado ao governador da Síria. Em 44, com a morte do rei Herodes Agripa I, ela se desvinculou da Síria, passando a ser governada por um Procurador, que respondia diretamente ao Imperador romano. (pt) |
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| dbp:capital | dbr:Jerusalem dbr:Caesarea_Philippi Jamnia (en) Sepphoris later Tiberias (en) |
| dbp:commonName | Judea (en) |
| dbp:dateEvent | 6 (xsd:integer) 39 (xsd:integer) 41 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:era | dbr:Augustus |
| dbp:event | Herod Archelaus exiled, Judea, Samaria, and Idumea annexed as a province Judaea (en) Herod Antipas exiled, Galilee and Perea transferred to Herod Agrippa I's dominions (en) Territory of a province Judaea transferred to Herod Agrippa I's dominions (en) |
| dbp:eventEnd | Death of Herod Agrippa I, his dominions annexed as a province Judaea (en) |
| dbp:eventStart | Death of Herod the Great (en) |
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| dbp:nation | the Roman Empire (en) |
| dbp:nativeName | Herodian Tetrarchy (en) |
| dbp:p | Herodian kingdom (en) |
| dbp:s | Kingdom of Chalcis (en) Judaea (en) |
| dbp:subdivision | dbr:Tetrarchy |
| dbp:title | Palaestina (en) |
| dbp:titleLeader | King, Ethnarch, Tetrarch, Toparch (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Tetrarkhi Yudea (bahasa Inggris: Tetrarchy of Judea, Herodian Tetrarchies) adalah pembagian wilayah kerajaan Yudea setelah matinya raja Herodes Agung pada tahun 4 SM (atau 1 SM), ketika kerajaannya dibagi di antara putra-putranya sebagai warisan. (in) 헤로데 사두왕국은 기원전 4년 헤로데 1세의 서거 이후 형성되었는데, 그의 왕국은 사두정치로 상속되었다. 그의 아들 헤로데 아르켈라오스, 헤로데 안티파스, 헤로데 빌립보로 나뉘었고, 헤로데의 누이 살로메 1세는 곧 얌니아 지방을 통치했다. 기원전 6년 헤로데 아르켈라오스가 퇴위하자 그의 영토(유다, 사마리아, 에돔)는 로마의 속주로 탈바꿈했다. 기원후10년에 살로메 1세가 사망함에 따라, 그녀의 영역도 그 지방에 편입되었다. (ko) نشأ الحكم الرباعي الهيرودي بعد وفاة هيرودس الكبير في 4 قبل الميلاد، عندما قُسمَّت مملكته بين أبنائه هيرودس أرخيلاوس بلقب صاحب العرش، وهيرودوس أنتيباس وهيرودس فيلبس الثاني كرباعين في الميراث، في حين أن شقيقة هيرود سالومي حكمت يفنه لفترة قصيرة. عندما خُلِع هيرود أرخيلاوس في 6 م، تحوّلت أراضيه (يهودا والسامرة وإدوميا) إلى مقاطعة رومانية. مع وفاة سالومي في 10م، أُلحِقت مناطق نفوذها أيضًا في المقاطعة. ومع ذلك، استمرت أجزاء أخرى تابعة للحكم الرباعي الهيردي تحت حكمهم. وهكذا، حكم هيرودس فيليب الثاني باتانيا وحوران حتى 34م (ثمّ أُلحقَت مناطق نفوذه فيما بعد بمقاطعة سوريا)، في حين حكم هيرود أنتيباس الجليل وبيريا حتى 34 قبل الميلاد. كان آخر حاكم بارز من السلالة الهيرودية مع مستوى ما من الاستقلال هو هيرودس أغريباس الأوّل، الذي مُنَح مقاطعة يهودا، على الرغم من وفاته في 44م، استعيد وضع مقاطعة يهودا إلى ا (ar) Herodovská tetrarchie bylo krátkodobé uspořádání Judeje po smrti Heroda Velikého od roku 4 př. n. l. do 44 n. l., vzniklé poté, co si jeho Judské království mezi sebe rozdělilo několik rodinných příslušníků . (cs) Die Herodianische Tetrarchie war ein tetrarchisches Regierungssystem, das nach dem Tod Herodes’ des Großen im Jahr 4 v. Chr. in Palästina eingeführt wurde. Nach dem Tod des Herodes im Jahr 4 v. Chr. wurde sein Reich von Augustus unter seinen Söhnen Herodes Antipas (Galiläa und Peräa), Herodes Archelaos (Judäa und Samaria) und Herodes Philippos (Ituräa, Golan, Trachonitis) aufgeteilt. (de) Η Ηρώδεια Τετραρχία διαμορφώθηκε μετά το θάνατο του Ηρώδη του Μεγάλου το 4 π.Χ., όταν το βασίλειό του διαιρέθηκε μεταξύ των γιων του, Ηρώδη Αρχέλαου, Ηρώδη Αντίπα και Φιλίππου, ενώ η αδελφή του Ηρώδη, Σαλώμη Α', κυβέρνησε για σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα την περιοχή της Ιαμνίας. Με την κατάλυση του Ηρώδη Αρχέλαου το 6 μ.Χ., τα εδάφη του (Ιουδαία, Σαμάρεια και Ιδουμαία) μετατράπηκαν στη ρωμαϊκή επαρχία της Ιουδαίας. (el) The Herodian Tetrarchy was formed following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE, when his kingdom was divided between his sons Herod Archelaus as ethnarch, Herod Antipas and Philip as tetrarchs in inheritance, while Herod's sister Salome I briefly ruled a toparchy of Jamnia. Upon the deposition of Herod Archelaus in 6 CE, his territories (Judea, Samaria and Idumea) were transformed into a Roman province. With the death of Salome I in 10 CE, her domain was also incorporated into the province. However, other parts of the Herodian Tetrarchy continued to function under Herodians. Thus, Philip ruled over territories north and east of the Jordan River (namely, Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis and Paneas) until 34 CE (his domain later being incorporated into the Province of S (en) La tétrarchie d'Hérode ou tétrarchie de Judée a été formée à la suite de la mort de Hérode le Grand en 4 avant notre ère, lorsque son royaume fut divisé en héritage entre ses fils Hérode Archélaos en tant que ethnarque, Hérode Antipas et Hérode Philippe II en tant que tétrarques. La sœur d'Hérode Salomé Ire devint quant à elle toparque de Jamnia. La Judée, partie principale de la tétrarchie, fut transformée par Rome en l'an 6 après J.-C. en Province de Judée, constituée de la Judée proprement dite, de la Samarie et de l'Idumée. Avec la mort de Salomé Ire en 10 après J.-C., son domaine fut également intégré à la nouvelle province de Judée. Malgré la domination romaine, Hérode Philippe II continua à gouverner la Batanée, la Trachonitide, ainsi que l'Auranitide jusqu'en 34 après J.-C. (son do (fr) Tetrarquia de Herodes é o nome geralmente dado ao sistema de governo que se criou nos domínios de Herodes, o Grande depois de sua morte em 4 a.C. Ele deixou disposto em testamento o que pretendia fosse feito do reino que conquistara e governara com mão de ferro. Segundo sua vontade, o reino seria dividido entre três dos quatro filhos que ainda estavam vivos: * Herodes Arquelau seria rei da Judeia (incluindo Samaria e Idumeia) * Herodes Antipas seria tetrarca da Galileia (incluindo a Pereia) * Filipe seria tetrarca da (incluindo Galianítida, Batanéia, Auralnitis e Panéia). (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Herodian Tetrarchy (en) الربعية الهيرودية (ar) Herodovská tetrarchie (cs) Herodianische Tetrarchie (de) Ηρώδεια Τετραρχία (el) Tetrarki Herodes (in) Tétrarchie d'Hérode (fr) 헤로데 사두왕국 (ko) Tetrarquia de Herodes (pt) |
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