Tower Subway (original) (raw)
Die Tower Subway ist ein 1869/70 erbauter Tunnel unter der Themse im Stadtzentrum von London, in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Tower of London. Er verläuft vom Tower Hill auf der Nordseite zur Vine Lane auf der Südseite. In diesem Tunnel wurden Personen mittels eines Wagens transportiert, und die Tower Subway gilt damit als erste U-Bahn der Welt, die in einer tiefliegenden Röhre erbaut wurde. Die erste in offener Bauweise errichtete U-Bahn war die Metropolitan Railway im Jahr 1863 gewesen.
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| dbo:abstract | Die Tower Subway ist ein 1869/70 erbauter Tunnel unter der Themse im Stadtzentrum von London, in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Tower of London. Er verläuft vom Tower Hill auf der Nordseite zur Vine Lane auf der Südseite. In diesem Tunnel wurden Personen mittels eines Wagens transportiert, und die Tower Subway gilt damit als erste U-Bahn der Welt, die in einer tiefliegenden Röhre erbaut wurde. Die erste in offener Bauweise errichtete U-Bahn war die Metropolitan Railway im Jahr 1863 gewesen. (de) Le Tower Subway (Tunnel de la Tour) est un tunnel sous la Tamise dans le centre de Londres, près — comme son nom l'indique— de la Tour de Londres. Son tracé relie Tower Hill sur la rive nord et Vine Lane (Tooley Street) au sud. Sa méthode de construction novatrice a introduit un modèle pour le percement du City & South London Railway en 1890, la première ligne du Tube, le métro de Londres dont les tunnels sont tubulaires. Le tunnel est appelé souterrain selon l'usage de l'anglais britannique, qui indique un tunnel piéton, contrairement au mot américain subway qui signifie métro. Il est parfois cité comme le premier chemin de fer de type tube au monde, bien qu'il ne soit pas le premier métro souterrain. Toutefois, ce système de transport sur une courte distance, utilisant un seul véhicule actionné par une machinerie fixe, serait plus judicieusement appelé un ascenseur horizontal. (fr) The Tower Subway is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in central London, between Tower Hill on the north bank of the river and Vine Lane (off Tooley Street) on the south. In 1869 a 1,340-foot-long (410 m) circular tunnel was dug through the London clay using a cast iron shield, an idea that had been patented in 1864 by Peter W. Barlow but never built. A 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway was laid in the tunnel and from August 1870 a cable-hauled wooden carriage conveyed passengers from one end to the other. This was uneconomic and the company went bankrupt by the end of the year. The tunnel was converted to pedestrian use and one million people a year crossed under the river, paying a toll of a ha'penny. The opening of the toll-free Tower Bridge nearby in 1894 caused a drop in income and the tunnel closed in 1898, after being sold to the London Hydraulic Power Company. Today the tunnel is used for water mains. The same shield method of construction was used in 1890 to dig the tunnels of the City and South London Railway, the first of London's electrified "Tube" railways and the first underground electrified railway in the world. (en) Il Tower Subway (letteralmente, "sottopassaggio della torre") è un tunnel al di sotto del Tamigi nella zona centrale di Londra, tra Tower Hill a nord del fiume e Vine Lane (lungo Tooley Street) a sud. Nel 1869, un tunnel circolare di 410 metri (circa 1340 piedi) fu scavato attraverso il sottosuolo argilloso di Londra utilizzando uno scudo in ferro battuto, un metodo brevettato nel 1864 da . Nel tunnel fu disposta una ferrovia e dall'agosto 1870 un vagone in legno cominciò a trasportare i passeggeri da un lato all'altro della tratta. Il sistema di trasporto adottato risultò sconveniente e la compagnia andò incontro alla bancarotta entro la fine dello stesso anno. Il tunnel fu perciò convertito in un sottopassaggio pedonale, con l'eccezionale conseguenza che oltre un milione di persone all'anno transitavano al di sotto del fiume, pagando una piccola tassa di 1⁄2 d. Quando il Tower Bridge, senza pedaggio, fu inaugurato nel 1894, la competitività era alle stelle e ben presto i londinesi preferirono l'attraversamento del fiume mediante il nuovo ponte. Questo comportò un drastico calo degli introiti e alla fine il tunnel chiuse nel 1898, dopo una cessione della proprietà alla London Hydraulic Power Company. Il tunnel è tuttora esistente e viene adoperato per la rete idrica e per le telecomunicazioni. Lo stesso metodo di costruzione di gallerie sotterranee è stato usato a fine Ottocento per scavare i primi tunnel della metropolitana londinese. (it) De Tower Subway is een tunnel onder de Theems in Londen nabij de Tower of London, zoals de naam al suggereert. De tunnel loopt tussen Tower Hill aan de noordelijke oever van de rivier naar Vine Lane aan de zuidzijde. De destijds innovatieve constructiemethode was in feite het prototype voor de aanleg van de City & South London Railway in 1890, de eerste "Tube" metrolijn. Hierbij wordt een tunnelbuis met een beperkte diameter aangelegd, waarbij voorheen grotere tunnels aangelegd werden waar volwaardige treinen doorheen konden. De tunnel heet een subway naar Brits gebruik, een tunnel voor gebruik door voetgangers. Dit in tegenstelling tot het Amerikaanse gebruik van dit woord voor een ondergrondse metro. (nl) Tower Subway – tunel pod Tamizą w centrum Londynu między Tower Hill na północnym brzegu rzeki a ulicą Vine Lane na południowym. W roku 1869 przekopano 410-metrowy tunel przy użyciu żeliwnej tarczy wiertniczej, którą to metodę opracował w roku 1864 Peter William Barlow. W tunelu ułożono wąski tor o szerokości 0,76 m i od sierpnia 1870 roku drewniane wagoniki przewoziły pasażerów z jednego brzegu na drugi. System napędowy stanowiły wyciągarki kablowe znajdujące się na obu końcach tunelu. Pomysł nie sprawdził się ekonomicznie i wkrótce zlikwidowano linię, a tunel stał się przejściem dla pieszych, którzy mieli płacić pół szylinga brytyjskiego za wejście (korzystało z tej możliwości blisko miliona osób rocznie). Gdy w roku 1894 uruchomiono pierwszą prawdziwą linię londyńskiego metra tunel został zamknięty, a w roku 1898 przekazany wodociągom miejskim, w których gestii znajduje się do dzisiaj. (pl) Тауэр-сабвей (англ. Tower Subway) — тоннель, построенный в 1870 году под Темзой в центре Лондона, в непосредственной близости от лондонского Тауэра. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Tower Subway ist ein 1869/70 erbauter Tunnel unter der Themse im Stadtzentrum von London, in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Tower of London. Er verläuft vom Tower Hill auf der Nordseite zur Vine Lane auf der Südseite. In diesem Tunnel wurden Personen mittels eines Wagens transportiert, und die Tower Subway gilt damit als erste U-Bahn der Welt, die in einer tiefliegenden Röhre erbaut wurde. Die erste in offener Bauweise errichtete U-Bahn war die Metropolitan Railway im Jahr 1863 gewesen. (de) Тауэр-сабвей (англ. Tower Subway) — тоннель, построенный в 1870 году под Темзой в центре Лондона, в непосредственной близости от лондонского Тауэра. (ru) The Tower Subway is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in central London, between Tower Hill on the north bank of the river and Vine Lane (off Tooley Street) on the south. In 1869 a 1,340-foot-long (410 m) circular tunnel was dug through the London clay using a cast iron shield, an idea that had been patented in 1864 by Peter W. Barlow but never built. The same shield method of construction was used in 1890 to dig the tunnels of the City and South London Railway, the first of London's electrified "Tube" railways and the first underground electrified railway in the world. (en) Le Tower Subway (Tunnel de la Tour) est un tunnel sous la Tamise dans le centre de Londres, près — comme son nom l'indique— de la Tour de Londres. Son tracé relie Tower Hill sur la rive nord et Vine Lane (Tooley Street) au sud. Sa méthode de construction novatrice a introduit un modèle pour le percement du City & South London Railway en 1890, la première ligne du Tube, le métro de Londres dont les tunnels sont tubulaires. Le tunnel est appelé souterrain selon l'usage de l'anglais britannique, qui indique un tunnel piéton, contrairement au mot américain subway qui signifie métro. (fr) Il Tower Subway (letteralmente, "sottopassaggio della torre") è un tunnel al di sotto del Tamigi nella zona centrale di Londra, tra Tower Hill a nord del fiume e Vine Lane (lungo Tooley Street) a sud. Nel 1869, un tunnel circolare di 410 metri (circa 1340 piedi) fu scavato attraverso il sottosuolo argilloso di Londra utilizzando uno scudo in ferro battuto, un metodo brevettato nel 1864 da . Nel tunnel fu disposta una ferrovia e dall'agosto 1870 un vagone in legno cominciò a trasportare i passeggeri da un lato all'altro della tratta. Il sistema di trasporto adottato risultò sconveniente e la compagnia andò incontro alla bancarotta entro la fine dello stesso anno. Il tunnel fu perciò convertito in un sottopassaggio pedonale, con l'eccezionale conseguenza che oltre un milione di persone all'a (it) De Tower Subway is een tunnel onder de Theems in Londen nabij de Tower of London, zoals de naam al suggereert. De tunnel loopt tussen Tower Hill aan de noordelijke oever van de rivier naar Vine Lane aan de zuidzijde. De destijds innovatieve constructiemethode was in feite het prototype voor de aanleg van de City & South London Railway in 1890, de eerste "Tube" metrolijn. Hierbij wordt een tunnelbuis met een beperkte diameter aangelegd, waarbij voorheen grotere tunnels aangelegd werden waar volwaardige treinen doorheen konden. (nl) Tower Subway – tunel pod Tamizą w centrum Londynu między Tower Hill na północnym brzegu rzeki a ulicą Vine Lane na południowym. W roku 1869 przekopano 410-metrowy tunel przy użyciu żeliwnej tarczy wiertniczej, którą to metodę opracował w roku 1864 Peter William Barlow. W tunelu ułożono wąski tor o szerokości 0,76 m i od sierpnia 1870 roku drewniane wagoniki przewoziły pasażerów z jednego brzegu na drugi. System napędowy stanowiły wyciągarki kablowe znajdujące się na obu końcach tunelu. Pomysł nie sprawdził się ekonomicznie i wkrótce zlikwidowano linię, a tunel stał się przejściem dla pieszych, którzy mieli płacić pół szylinga brytyjskiego za wejście (korzystało z tej możliwości blisko miliona osób rocznie). Gdy w roku 1894 uruchomiono pierwszą prawdziwą linię londyńskiego metra tunel zosta (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Tower Subway (de) Tower Subway (fr) Tower Subway (it) Tower Subway (nl) Tower Subway (pl) Тауэрский тоннель (ru) Tower Subway (en) |
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