Compact Cassette tape types and formulations (original) (raw)
Audio compact cassettes use magnetic tape of three major types which differ in fundamental magnetic properties, the level of bias applied during recording, and the optimal time constant of replay equalization. Specifications of each type were set in 1979 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). By this time, Type I (IEC I, 'ferric' or 'normal' tapes) included pure gamma ferric oxide formulations, Type II (IEC II, or 'chrome' tapes) included ferricobalt and chromium dioxide formulations, and Type IV (IEC IV, or 'metal' tapes) included metal particle tapes—the best-performing, but also the most expensive. In the 1980s the lines between three types blurred. Panasonic developed evaporated metal tapes that could be made to match any of the three IEC types. Metal particle tapes mi
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| dbo:abstract | Audio compact cassettes use magnetic tape of three major types which differ in fundamental magnetic properties, the level of bias applied during recording, and the optimal time constant of replay equalization. Specifications of each type were set in 1979 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). By this time, Type I (IEC I, 'ferric' or 'normal' tapes) included pure gamma ferric oxide formulations, Type II (IEC II, or 'chrome' tapes) included ferricobalt and chromium dioxide formulations, and Type IV (IEC IV, or 'metal' tapes) included metal particle tapes—the best-performing, but also the most expensive. In the 1980s the lines between three types blurred. Panasonic developed evaporated metal tapes that could be made to match any of the three IEC types. Metal particle tapes migrated to Type II and Type I, ferricobalt formulations migrated to Type I. By the end of the decade performance of the best Type I ferricobalt tapes (superferrics) approached that of Type IV tapes; performance of entry-level Type I tapes gradually improved until the very end of compact cassette production. Double-layer Type III (IEC III, ferrichrome or ferrochrome) tape formulations, advanced by Sony and BASF in the 1970s, never gained substantial market presence. 'Type 0' was a non-standard designation for early compact cassettes that did not conform to IEC specification; in the 21st century it is informally used to denote any low quality or counterfeit cassette. (en) Магнитные ленты для компакт-кассет подразделяются на три основных типа, различающиеся уровнем подмагничивания при записи и постоянной времени цепей частотной коррекции при воспроизведении. Характеристики и обозначения типов лент регламентированы стандартом МЭК-94 (IEC-60094). Исторически, тип МЭК-I (IEC I) включал ленты на основе гамма-оксида железа, тип МЭК-II — ленты на основе диоксида хрома и близкие к ним по магнитным свойствам феррокобальтовые ленты, наиболее совершенный и дорогой тип МЭК-IV — металлопорошковые ленты. В 1980-е годы появились ленты со сверхтонкими рабочими слоями из напылённого металла (ME), металлопорошковые ленты МЭК-II и МЭК-I и широко распространились высококачественные феррокобальтовые ленты МЭК-I («суперферрики»). Качественный разрыв между лентами трёх типов сократился: лучшие ленты МЭК-I разработки 1980-х годов на равных конкурировали с металлопорошковыми лентами. Двухслойные феррохромные ленты, стандартизованные под обозначением МЭК-III, распространения не получили. Обозначение тип 0, не предусмотренное МЭК-94, техническая пресса применяла для устаревших лент 1960-х годов, не соответствовавших стандарту, а также для низкокачественных некондиционных или контрафактных лент. (ru) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Cassette_tape_colour,...r_different_formulation.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/diversity/document/system/pdf/073_e.pdf https://archive.org/details/magneticrecordin00eric https://archive.org/details/magneticrecordin00eric/page/n111 https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Audio/Archive-HiFI-Stereo/80s/HiFi-Stereo-Review-1984-03.pdf https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Audio/90s/Audio-1987-11.pdf https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Audio/90s/Audio-1990-03.pdf https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-HiFI-Stereo/70s/HiFi-Stereo-Review-1978-02.pdf https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=0ZmjkJwxyWcC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=8xDigRFPMrQC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=O9H8BAAAQBAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=PdruCAAAQBAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=XOvf30iChsYC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=bbNfr_bwUXwC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ouMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=qF8J5e_Vk18C&pg=PA443 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=wIXIy0hIAHoC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=zsEBavFYZuEC |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:caption | IEC I compatibility logo . These logos, advanced by BASF and the IEC, didn't catch on and were soon abandoned (en) The TDK KR was the company's only chrome tape ever made. In 1974-1975, as soon as TDK had ferricobalt technology going, they killed chrome production altogether. (en) Hysteresis curves of Type I, CrO2 Type II and Type IV tapes. On this chart, the vertical span is remanence , a rough indicator of maximum recording output level. The horizontal span shows coercivity - how much flux it takes to magnetize the tapes. (en) Differences in tape colour of most common tape formulations, top to bottom: ferric, ferricobalt, chromium dioxide and metal particle cassettes (en) MOL, SOL, bias noise and dynamic range marked on the wrapper of a superferric cassette . The values approach the limits of ferric tape technology (en) BASF Chrome Extra II cassette (en) Sony Chrome compact cassette (en) Standardized notches for automatic tape selection. Top to bottom: Type I , Type II, Type IV (en) A mark on prerecorded chromium dioxide cassette intended for replay as Type I (en) Top-of-the-line Type IV cassettes were packaged in expensive, precision-engineered shells. The TDK MA-R shell had a rigid alloy frame, the Sony Metal Master had ceramic shell halves and a ceramic tape guide insert (en) Coercivity and remanence marked on the wrapper of a 'professional' cassette . These are typical values for a microferric cassette. (en) All Type II cassettes made by TDK after 1975 were ferricobalts, not chromes (en) |
| dbp:direction | vertical (en) |
| dbp:image | TDK AM Pro cassette - wrapper detail with magneric specs.png (en) BASF Chrome Extra II C90 Compact Cassette.jpg (en) Cassettes I II IV.jpg (en) IEC I cassette logo .jpg (en) IEC I,II,IV tape magnetic properties ENG.svg (en) Prerecorded cassette CrO2-120us logo -1.jpg (en) Sony C-90CR compact cassette.jpg (en) Sony METAL MASTER Tape .jpg (en) TDK AR 1994-1997 Japanese market specs.jpg (en) TDK KR C90 cassettes, 1973 74.jpg (en) TDK MA-R90 Compact Audio Cassette .jpg (en) TDK SA, SA-X, SA-XS cassettes .jpg (en) Cassette tape colour, examples of four different formulation.jpg (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Technology-related_lists dbc:Inorganic_chemistry dbc:Tape_recording dbc:Audio_storage |
| rdfs:comment | Audio compact cassettes use magnetic tape of three major types which differ in fundamental magnetic properties, the level of bias applied during recording, and the optimal time constant of replay equalization. Specifications of each type were set in 1979 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). By this time, Type I (IEC I, 'ferric' or 'normal' tapes) included pure gamma ferric oxide formulations, Type II (IEC II, or 'chrome' tapes) included ferricobalt and chromium dioxide formulations, and Type IV (IEC IV, or 'metal' tapes) included metal particle tapes—the best-performing, but also the most expensive. In the 1980s the lines between three types blurred. Panasonic developed evaporated metal tapes that could be made to match any of the three IEC types. Metal particle tapes mi (en) Магнитные ленты для компакт-кассет подразделяются на три основных типа, различающиеся уровнем подмагничивания при записи и постоянной времени цепей частотной коррекции при воспроизведении. Характеристики и обозначения типов лент регламентированы стандартом МЭК-94 (IEC-60094). Исторически, тип МЭК-I (IEC I) включал ленты на основе гамма-оксида железа, тип МЭК-II — ленты на основе диоксида хрома и близкие к ним по магнитным свойствам феррокобальтовые ленты, наиболее совершенный и дорогой тип МЭК-IV — металлопорошковые ленты. В 1980-е годы появились ленты со сверхтонкими рабочими слоями из напылённого металла (ME), металлопорошковые ленты МЭК-II и МЭК-I и широко распространились высококачественные феррокобальтовые ленты МЭК-I («суперферрики»). Качественный разрыв между лентами трёх типов сокр (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Compact Cassette tape types and formulations (en) Магнитные ленты для компакт-кассет (ru) |
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